Kodi tuber ndi chiyani? Tuberous zomera

M'madera amakono a kumidzi, mukhoza kupeza pafupifupi zomera zilizonse, komanso zonse zomwe zimadziwika m'deralo, komanso zosowa. Ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi zikhalidwe zofanana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti amvetse bwino zosowa za chikhalidwe pamene zakula. Mu nkhani ino tikufuna kulabadira tuberous mitundu anapereka mu mawonekedwe onse maluwa ndi masamba mbewu.

Kodi tuber ndi chiyani?

Tuber imatchedwa yokhuthala ndi mizu yosinthidwa - pansi pa nthaka tsinde la zomera zina. Amakhala ndi masamba ambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi mmodzi kapena angapo (makamaka, monga mbatata kapena Yerusalemu atitchoku), kapena bondo lamdima (woimira bwino ndi cyclamen).

Mitengo ya tuberous imayimilidwa ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri, koma gulu lalikulu liyimiridwa ndi maluwa, pakati pawo ndilo losatha ndi zaka, zaka zamkati ndi zakutchire. Kuonjezera apo, zomera za tuberous zikhoza kugawidwa muzinthu zozikidwa pazochitika za pansi pa nthaka. Nthawi zambiri amalankhula za mizu ndi tubers.

Mitengo ya culver

Muzu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe, koma mulimonsemo umasinthidwa ndi mizu, ndi zakudya zambiri. Kuchokera ku mbeu zamtundu wambiri, mizu yochokera kumidzi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa masamba osagwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda. Mitengo yotchuka kwambiri mu gulu ili ingaganizidwe ngati dahlia ndi begonia. Mbali iyi ya pansi pachithunzi imakhalanso ndi chiselle, Yerusalemu atitchoku, mbatata, mbatata, chimanga.

Mitengo ya bulbotuber

Corm - gawo limodzi lomwelo pansi pa chomeracho, koma limangokhala ngati nthaka yapansi, yokhala ndi mphete zabwino komanso zooneka bwino, zomwe zili kumtunda wa corm. Kuchokera panja, ili ndi timing'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, kamene kamakhala masamba ouma.

Mitengo imeneyi ikuphatikizapo gladiolus, autumn crocus ndi crocus. Kunja, ziwalo zawo zonse za pansi pa nthaka zikufanana ndi tuber ndi anyezi panthawi imodzimodzi, koma mbali ya minofu imachokera muyeso: mphukira yamaluwa imangokhala ndi babu. Malingana ndi malo a bulbous mamba, mitundu iwiri ya mababu ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa: mafilimu ("masamba" amaphimba molimba ndi mthunthu ngati tupi) ndi tiled (mwachitsanzo, maluwa, momwe mbali ya rhizomatous ikufanana ndi matabwa).

Ndikofunikira! Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphukira yosinthidwa, ndipo, pambali pa izi, mungasankhire zotsekemera ndi zitsulo muzitsulo za masamba (kusunga zomera kuti zithandizidwe), komanso mkwapu (pamwamba pamtundu wapamwamba pamwamba pa nthaka).

Maluwa a Tuberous

Monga tanena kale, maluwa ndiwo gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zomera za tuberous. Ena a iwo amakula m'minda, ena amachititsa zokongoletsera m'malo, koma onse amagawana gawo la minofu ndi lamphamvu. Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri, zomwe zili kunja ndi zofunikira pa chisamaliro.

Munda

Dahlias, begonias ndi anemones amadziwika kuti ndiwo maluwa okongola kwambiri m'minda lero, ngakhale kuti Crocosmia ndi Flags Flags ndizofala. Za iwo ndipo zidzakambidwa mobwerezabwereza.

Anemone

Anemone (iyi imatchedwanso maluwa amenewa) ndi a mtundu wosatha wa zomera za herbaceous za banja la Buttercup. Kumpoto kumpoto kwa dziko lapansili, onse oimira mitundu 120 amapezeka kulikonse, kupatulapo madera otentha.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino mitundu yambiri ya anemones, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito anemone kuchipatala.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a anemones ndi awa:

• Kuwonjezera pa zowonongeka za tuber-like rhizome, chomeracho chili ndi ziwalo zowongoka, kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 100;
• Kawirikawiri zimayambira ndi masamba opanda masamba, ndipo pamapeto pake pali phesi la maluwa limodzi ndi theka lopangidwa ndi theka kapena maluwa amodzi;
• palmate kapena masamba okonzedwa bwino amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette;
• pa maluwa pali pistils ndi stamens zambiri, komanso pamapiri 5 mpaka 20 osiyana ndi maonekedwe;
• anemone akhoza kukhala wachikasu, wofiira, woyera, pinki, buluu kapena buluu;
• maluwa imayamba kumayambiriro kasupe ndikupitirizabe m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina kumatha ngakhale kugwa;
• masamba - tsamba.

Kutchire, anemone ikhoza kupezeka m'minda yamapiri, steppes ndi meadows, ndipo mitundu ina yapeza malo okha ngakhale ku Arctic. Ngati mukufuna, n'zosavuta kupeza ndi kukongoletsa mawonekedwe.

Kudzala chomera chotere pa tsamba lanu, musaiwale kuti pakati pa mitundu imatulutsa mitundu yonse ya kuwala ndi mthunzi. Ngati mumabzala m'malo osayenera, musadalire maluwa ambiri.

Phunzirani zambiri za nthaka yomwe ilipo, momwe mungathandizire kubereka kwa nthaka, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity wa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.

Njira yabwino ingakhale chiwembu chokhala ndi asidi osalowerera nthaka komanso mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa chinyezi. Madzi amadzivulaza pansi, pamene kusowa kwa chinyezi kumakhudza kuoneka kwa maluwa.

Video: kuyendetsa anemones Yankho la vutoli lidzabzala pamalo apamwamba ndikukonzekera ngalande kapena kusungunula nthaka. Za anemone feteleza zimakhala zovuta zowonjezera mchere zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka makamaka m'nyengo yamaluwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kusiya anemone popanda malo okhala, imalekerera ozizira.

Mukudziwa? Maluwa amafotokozedwa kuti zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, chifukwa amatha kuthetsa mavuto. Komabe, mawonekedwe awo okongola ndi onyenga, ndipo ngati aloŵa mkati mwa thupi la munthu, amatha kupha poizoni.

Begonia

Maluwa awa amawoneka mofanana ndi duwa kakang'ono. Maluwa ake ndi abwino komanso osangalatsa, ndipo maluwawo ndi ochuluka kwambiri (nthawi yonse yomwe mbewuyo imakhala yeniyeni ndi iwo). Begonia ndi shrub yosatha yomwe, kuphatikizapo tuber, ili ndi mbali zina zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuthengo, "nyumba" ya chomera si nthaka, koma mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, ngakhale m'munda momwemo ili akadakali tchire (mpaka 20 cm) kukula pansi. Nthawi zina mungathe kukumana ndi oimira akuluakulu, kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 35.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yosiyana siyana ya mitundu ya 1,200 ya munda begonias, yomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana ndi kukongola kwake: choyera, pinki, chikasu, chofiira, lilac. Pa masamba ozungulira tsamba, mukhoza kuona zojambula zokongola, zomwe zimakhala ndi zomera zokha.

Zimakhala zovuta kusamalira duwa: wolima munda ayenera nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka ndi kupereka madzi okwanira (panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi chitukuko, nthawi zonse kuyambitsa madzi ayenera kukhala osachepera 1 masiku atatu).

Video: maziko a chisamaliro chabwino cha begonia Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa begonia sikoyenera, kopanda apo makongoletsedwe onse a masamba ake adzatayika. Pambuyo maluwa ndi kuthirira, ndi chisamaliro china chirichonse chinasiya.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wa begonias, monga coral begonia, elator, Bolivia, ampelous, mfumu, tuberous.

Dahlia

Kukongola kozoloŵera kwa dahlia ndizomwe zimayambira muzu ndi tuber. Chaka chilichonse mbali yake yamtunduwu imatha, ndipo pansi pake pamakhala zitsamba zamphamvu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zowonjezera kukula kwa impso.

Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zambiri nyengo sizimafunika kuchoka mu tubers m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa, mwinamwake, iwo amaundana ndi kufa.

Mu nyengo yatsopano ya mphukira yomwe imakhala pamutu wa mbewu, kachiwiri padzakhala zimayambira ndi maluwa.

Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa chomeracho ayenera kumvetsera mbali zake:

1. Mbali yaikulu ya dahlias ndi yaikulu, zimayambira kukula kuchokera 25 cm mpaka 3 mamita mu msinkhu, ndipo zotsirizazo zimakhala ndi kampani yokakamiza komanso thandizo lina.
2. Inflorescences amaimiridwa ndi madengu ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 30. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi zida za tubulare ndi bango la bango.
3. Maluwa achitsamba angakhale ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri, amaika mawonekedwe onse a duwa.
4. Maluwa otentha ali pakatikati ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu kapena lalanje.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge momwe mungakwirire dahlias pachaka ndi osatha pa chiwembu chanu, momwe mungasunge mazira a dahlia m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kuti mungamange bwanji dahlias pamalo otseguka.

Pakati pa mitundu yonse ya dahlias m'madera akumidzi, amodzi ndi osavuta (osati awiri), kolala (tchire limakula mamita awiri), peony, yozungulira, ndi pompon. Zonsezi zili ndi maluwa akuluakulu, omwe adzakhala okongoletsa kwenikweni munda wanu. N'zosavuta kusamalira dahlias, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukonza madzi okwanira nthawi ndi nthawi ndikudyetsa (katatu pa nthawi yomwe tchire timatsanulira ndi slurry, mu chiwerengero cha 1:10, komanso kuthirira zomera ndi urea: 60 g ya mankhwala okwanira 10 malita a madzi).

Kuwonjezera apo, zingakhale zothandiza kulima tchire kangapo m'nyengo yozizira ndikumasula nthaka pansi pawo, ndi kupeza zitsulo zazikulu zokongola zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyendetsa zomera.

Crocosmia

Montbrecia (dzina lachiwiri la maluwa) ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha maluwa ndi maluwa, chifukwa chimakhala chochuluka komanso chokhala ndi nthawi yaitali maluwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe komanso ngakhale chisanu. Dulani maluwa kuima bwino kwa milungu iwiri. Ngati tilingalira za zomera kuchokera ku zomera, izo ndi za banja la Iris.

Mukudziwa? Fungo la crocosmia silidzasiya aliyense. Mukawumitsa pamakhala, ndiye kuti fungo lawo lidzafanana ndi safironi.

Mtunduwu suphatikiza mitundu yambiri, pafupifupi 50, koma Crocosmia, zomwe zimapangidwira zimayikidwa motere:

1. Mbali yapansi ya phirili imayimilidwa ndi corms, ndi magawo 2-3 a zikopa zamatope. Mwa iwo, pali mbali yayitali yaitali, kufika masentimita 60 mpaka 90 mu msinkhu.
2. Mapepala a leaf ali ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba a iris ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa mowombera. Masamba obiriwira mwa mawonekedwe a lupanga akuwoneka kuchokera pakati pa babu, monga zimayambira.
3. Pa chomera chimodzi chachikulu chimachokera ku mphukira zitatu mpaka zinayi zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuyenda.
4. Maonekedwe a phokoso lam'madzi a maluwa otchedwa lily pamtunda wa tsinde. Chimake cha Crocosmia chikhoza kuwonedwa kuyambira July mpaka kumapeto kwa September, ndithudi, ngati simusowa kuyang'ana chisanu.

Montbrecia ndi yosasamala kwambiri pakusamalidwa, choncho, mutakula mu nthaka yotseguka, sipadzakhalanso mavuto. Pambuyo mutayiyika pamalo otentha m'mwezi wa April (kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kufikira + 6 ... +10 ° C), muyenera kuthirira maluwa bwino, nthawi zonse mumabwereza maluwa ochulukirapo. Dothi louma limayambitsa kukongoletsa, kotero muyenera kuyisunga nthawi zonse. Mvula yamvula, kuthirira kuchepa kapena kuchotsedwa palimodzi, ndipo kuti madzi asapitirire, zimathandiza kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse pafupi ndi mizu.

Mungayambe kufesa mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Mu April - June, chifukwa cha izi, mullein amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo nitrojeni zowonjezerapo (njira yamadzimadzi yowonongeka iliyonse mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10).

Ndibwino kusinthanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi zinthu zina, ndipo mwamsanga pamene masamba oyambirira akuwoneka pa chomeracho, ndibwino kuti muchotseretsa feteleza.

Kutsekedwa

Nkhuku yotenthayi ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya zitsamba, banja la Poppy, lomwe limagawidwa m'madera otentha. Mamembala onse a mtundu uwu amakhala ambiri osatha, koma pakati pawo pali mitundu ya pachaka. Miphika ya masamba a nkhuku yofiira imafanana ndi ferns; iwiri kapena katatu. Inflorescences ndi maluwa okongola kapena amodzi omwe amaikidwa pazitali za peduncles (timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito imapezeka ndi tizilombo tokhala ndi proboscis yaitali).

Chipatso cha chomera ndi bokosi ngati bokosi louma. Chifukwa cha mizu ya tuberous, yomwe imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri, pakubwera kwa kasupe, mukhoza kusamalira zomera za zomera. Kukula kwa njere, nyerere zimathandiza kwambiri.

Werengani zambiri za zochitika za kubzala ndi kusamalira nkhuku yakuda.

Mitundu ya tuber crested tubercules imamvekanso bwino dzuwa ndi m'malo amdima, ndi dothi lowala, lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira. Zomera zimawoneka bwino mu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi primroses ndi zomera zina zosatha, ndipo zimakhalanso zoyenera kukongoletsa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ina yobiriwira mumzinda wa chilimwe.

Video: kufotokoza za mbeu ya tuberous Mbalame zowonongeka sizichita mantha ndi chisanu, zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndipo ndi tizirombo timene timakhala ndi mantha ndi timadontho timene timene timagwiritsa ntchito timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi tosiyanasiyana. Kuthirira, komanso kuvala pamwamba, kumachitika kangapo pa nyengo, nthawi ya chilala - nthawi zambiri.

Malo

Mitengo yokongoletsera yokongola imakula mwakuya miphika, yomwe imalola kuti maluwa ambiri azikhala abwino nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Pakati pa oimira tuberous a gulu lino, ginger, playon ndi gemantus ndizosiyana, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi katundu wokongola kwambiri. Taganizirani izi.

Ginger

Ginger ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Ginger. Anthu amadziŵa bwino kwambiri mizu yake, koma amodzi opezeka pamwambawa amapezekanso, omwe, ngati ophatikizidwa ndi zomera zina, akhoza kukhala chokongoletsera cha chipinda kapena munda. Mapuloteni owongoka, okonzedwa ndi ginger amafika pa 1-1.5 mamita pamtunda, ngakhale tchire 30-40 masentimita mu msinkhu ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa kukongoletsa. Maluwa amayamba kukhala ndi zowawa, masamba - lanceolate, lonse, anakonza njira zina.

Maluwa - lalanje-lachikasu kapena la brownish, limafanana ndi nsonga. Chipatsochi chimayimilidwa ndi bokosi la tricuspid, ndipo rhizome imapangidwa ndi minofu yozungulira palchatoteparte, yomwe imayambira yonse.

Mukudziwa? M'mayiko ena, ginger amatchedwa "Zingiber", zomwe zimatanthauziridwa kuti "root root".

Ntchito yaikulu pakukula ginger mkati ndikupeza malo abwino. Chomerachi chimakonda malo abwino, koma nthawi zonse sichimawoneka dzuwa.

Video: kubzala ginger Chifukwa chochokera kumadera otentha, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ozolowereka, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yowuma komanso kuchepa kwa kutentha. Ginger sichiteteza kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse.

Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za zopindulitsa za ginger, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungamere ndikulitsa ginger m'munda ndi poto.

Mng'oma wanu adzawoneka bwanji ngati munthu wamkulu akudalira cholinga cha kulima kwake. Ngati mlimi akusowa muzu, ndiye kuti masamba sangathe kudulidwa, chifukwa patatha miyezi 8-9 iwo adzauma ndipo mukhoza kufika pamtunda (mzuwo wauma ndi kusungidwa pamalo amdima ndi ozizira).

Pamene chomera chokongola chikukula, chimabzalidwa mu mphika wawung'ono, ndipo masamba atatha, mzuwo umasiyidwa m'nthaka. Izi zikupitirira kwa zaka zingapo. Mosiyana ndi zinyama zambiri zamkati, ginger ngakhale kupuma kwa nyengo yozizira kumafuna chinyezi pang'ono, ndipo mu kasupe, atadzuka, kuchuluka kwa madzi akuwonjezeka, kuwonjezerapo feteleza kwa maluwa amkati (poyamba anali ophatikizapo potaziyamu).

Mukudziwa? Mitundu yonse ya mkati mwa gemantus imakhudza thanzi la eni ake. Kupsyinjika kwa anthu omwe ali m'chipindamo ndi chizoloŵezi ndipo njira zamagetsi mumthupi zimapindula. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kuyika mphika wa maluwa pafupi ndi zamagetsi (imatenga ma radiation oopsa).

Kuwonetsa

Chomera chokongoletserachi chikukula mopitirira 30 masentimita mu msinkhu ndipo chimakhala cha banja la Orchid. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo zozizwitsa (kukula pa zomera zina) ndi lithophytic (kumera pamwamba) mitundu ya maluwa, ngakhale kuti mamembala a m'banjamo amakhala otchuka kwambiri polima.

Powona njira ya chitukuko cha chomera, n'zosavuta kuzindikira zomwe zimapangidwa:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, masamba okwana 1-2 ovuta, masamba obiriwira amaoneka pamwamba pa tuber. Mabala a Leaf amakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Oimira ena a phokoso limakhala pachimake kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengoyi.
2. Mzere wa maluwa otsegulidwa mokwanira ndi pafupi masentimita 6-11, ndipo aliyense wa iwo samataya chidwi chake mwezi wonse.
3. Mtundu wa maluwa umasiyana ndi zoyera ndi zonunkhira zachikasu ndi zofiira ndipo zimawoneka bwino pamakhala ozizira. Губа выглядит как трубка или веретено, с расширенным бахромчатым краешком.

Выращивать плейоне могут даже начинающие цветоводы: при размещении в восточной или западной части квартиры, куда постоянно попадает достаточное количество света, проблем с ней не будет.

Chomera chisanayambe kubzalidwa mu chidebe chakuya, pansi pa malo otsegulira otsegulira madzi omwe akuyendetsedwa, ndi ntchito yovomerezeka yosanjikiza (claydite ndi miyala yachitsulo ndi yoyenera pa ntchitoyi).

Monga gawo la kubzala, mungagwiritse ntchito nthaka kusakaniza kamtengo kakang'ono ka pine, peat moss ndi makala. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha m'chipindamo mpaka 10-15 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Ziwonetsero zapakhomo zimayenera kuikidwa chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo ntchitoyi iyenera kusinthidwa ndi gawo lapamwamba la gawo lapansi ndikuyang'ana mizu kuti zizindikiro za matenda aliwonse.

Video: Malamulo Oyang'anira Playon Kuthira kwakukulu kuli kofunikira kwa chomera pokhapokha pa nyengo yokula, ndipo masamba atachotsedwa, kutsekedwa kwa madzi kwatsala pang'ono kutha. Mvula yabwino mu chipinda ndi 50%, ngakhale kuti kutentha kwawonjezeka kufika 70%.

Chovala chokwera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka mwezi uliwonse, kuyambira mu April mpaka kutha pakatikati pa autumn, kufikira masamba atagwa. Zakudya zam'mimba za orchids ndizofunika kwambiri pa feteleza.

Gemantus

Gemantus ndi nthumwi ya zomera za Amaryllis. Mitundu ina imathira masamba awo m'nyengo yozizira, pamene ena nthawi zonse amakhala obiriwira, kotero kuti nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kusiyana ndi ena akulima.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamkati ndi ya Katharina ndi gemantus yobiriwira, yomwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "khutu la njovu" kapena "lilime la ng'ombe." Zomwe zili kunja kwa zomerazi zimachokera ku mitundu yawo.

Mwachitsanzo, "Katharine" ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Zowonongeka zooneka bwino, zowonjezera zazitali, zomwe zimayikidwa pamasentimita 15;
• duwa limapanga mphukira yomwe imayang'ana pafupi ndi tsinde lakuthwa (maluwa a chomera ndi ofiira kwambiri, ndipo inflorescence ikufanana ndi mpira waukulu);
• Pambuyo maluwa m'malo mwa maluwa, chipatso chokhala ndi mabulosi chimapezeka, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, mbewu zimatha kupezeka.

Wowonongeka woyera ali ndi timapepala tambirimbiri tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zochepa kwambiri za inflorescence, ndi maluwa oyera ndi anthers ovuta. Kuchokera kumwamba, amawoneka ngati akudazidwa ndi ufa wachikasu.

Dziwani zambiri za kulima ndi kubereka kwa gemanthus.

Poyerekezera ndi hematus ya Katharina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyera imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Maluwa akhoza kuwonetsedwa mu July - August, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa autumn pali zipatso zomwe zimapsa pofika pakati pa mwezi wa November (pa nthawiyi mabokosi akutembenukira mowala kwambiri kapena lalanje). Mbewu ndi yoyenera kuberekanso. Pogwiritsa ntchito chisamaliro, gemanthus imafuna kuyatsa bwino, koma kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Kutentha kwa firiji kumayenera kusungidwa pa + 18 ... +22 ° C m'chilimwe ndi + 12 ... +15 ° C - m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuthirira kumakhala kochuluka mu chilala (ndi kukakamiza kukhetsa matope kuchokera ku khola), ndipo nthawi yotsatira ikagwiritsira ntchito madzi pokhapokha pamene chapamwamba chapamwamba chimauma 1-2 masentimita. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuthira pang'ono nthaka mu mphika, koma osati nthawi zambiri.

Chakudya chophika chimachitidwa kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena awiri komanso pokhapokha panthawi ya kukula ndi chitukuko chogwira ntchito. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ndi mineral. Mankhwala a Hemantus amapangidwa kamodzi pachaka zaka 2-3.

Video: zinsinsi zosamalira gemantius

Mbatata tuber

Mbatata - imodzi mwa zomera zotchuka kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zophikira. Zili ndi thanzi labwino ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbale zosiyanasiyana. Aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri za tubers za mbatata.

Momwe mungapangire tuber

Monga tanenera poyamba, tuber ndi chifukwa cha makulidwe a pansi pa tsinde la mphukira - stolon. Palibenso masamba omwe amapangidwa kale, ndipo m'masamba a masamba omwe amasinthidwa ndi atrophied ndi omwe amatchedwa maso.

Mapulotoni amaonekera pamtengowo akafika masentimita 20 m'litali, ndipo pakapita patsogolo, mbali yakumtunda imakula ndikumera, ndipo imakhala yodziwika bwino ya mbatata, yomwe ili ndi khungu lachikondi. M'tsogolomu, mphukira ya mbatata imangowonjezereka ndipo imatulutsa mpweya wambiri monga kale. Kuchokera pano mpaka pano, ntchito yochotsa chinyezi ndi "mpweya" wa tuber imaperekedwa kwa mphodza kumbali yonse ya mbatata.

Miphika ya mbatata ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri (yokhala pamodzi, yozungulira, yofanana, ndi zina zotero), chifukwa cha kukula kwa zinthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Maso okwera pamwamba amadziwika kuti ndi apamwamba, ang'onoang'ono, apakatikati ndi akuya.

Muzosowa zophika, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tuber-eyed, chifukwa zimakhala zosavuta kusamba ndi kuyeretsa. Kukula kwakukulu kwa gawo la pansi pa mbatata kumagwirizana ndi maluwa. Kukula kwakukulu, maselo a tuber amaunjikira chinyezi, zakudya ndi zakudya (mpaka 75% ya mtengo wotsiriza). Nthawiyi (pafupi masiku 45 mpaka 60 kuchokera kumayambiriro a maluwa) ingathenso kutchedwa kuyambitsa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo ngati kukula sikukuyenera (mwachitsanzo, palibe chinyezi chokwanira komanso feteleza), ndiye kuti simungathe kukolola zochuluka.

Tuber dongosolo

Mbali yautali ya mbatata yakucha idzawonetsa mbali zake zazikuluzikulu: epidermis (khungu), makungwa, cambium, makungwa amphamvu, ndi pachimake. Khungu limapanga chitetezo ndipo limagwirizanitsa mizere ingapo ya maselo a periderm omwe awonedwa.

Pansi pa chingwechi ndikutuluka, komwe kuli maselo a parenchymal, omwe ali ndi mbewu zowonjezera. Pansipa pali cambium, yomwe xylem imatambasulira. Mbali yaikulu ya mbatata ili ndi maselo a parenchymal medullary. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, 3-15 zinyama zimapangidwa pamasinthidwe a pansi pa nthaka. Pali masamba 3-4 m'modzi mwa iwo: amodzi ndi ogona angapo (amayamba kukula pokhapokha pamene gawo lalikulu lidula kapena losweka, koma zomera zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo sizidzakhalanso zowopsya). Mu kukula ndi kusiyana kwake, maso amasiyana, koma pamtunda, mbali yaching'ono kwambiri ya tuber, nthawi zambiri amakhala ambiri.

Zakudya za mbatata tubers zimadziwika ndi zotsatirazi (pa 100 g):

• kalori - 77 kcal;
• mapuloteni - 2 g;
• mafuta - 0,4 g;
• Zakudya - 16.3 g;
• zakudya zowonjezera - 1.4 g;
• madzi - 78.6 g;
• wowuma - 15 g;
• mafuta okhutira - 0,1 g;
• mono - ndi ma disaccharides - 1.3 g

Phunzirani zambiri za phindu la mbatata, maluwa ake, komanso chifukwa chake simuyenera kutaya mapeyala a mbatata.

Ndikofunikira! Musamadye mbatata zowonjezera, chifukwa mudziko lino muli mankhwala ambiri oopsa omwe amatchedwa solanine.

Matenda

Ngakhale kuti wamaluwa ambiri amaganiza kuti mbatata ndizodzichepetsa, ndi chonchi chosowa chithandizo chaulimi pali mwayi uliwonse wopeza matenda. Nthenda iliyonse imachepetsetsa mtengo wa tubers, kotero kulimbana nawo kuyenera kuyambira pa chizindikiro chochepa.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbatata.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri a mbatata ndi awa:

1. Kuwonongeka kochedwa (kuwonetsedwa ndi kutsogolera kapena mawanga ofiira pa peel). Kaŵirikaŵiri zimapezeka mwamsanga mutatha kuika mbatata mu yosungirako, pamtambo wotentha kwambiri.
2. Alternaria (kupanikizika, mawanga osagwirizana, omwe amasiyana ndi mtundu wa khungu labwino) amatha kuwonetseredwa pamtunda wonse. Posakhalitsa amaoneka ngati akuda, ndipo pansi pake pamakhala mdima wouma.
3. Black scab imadziwonetsera mu matope wakuda okongola omwe amafanana ndi nthaka yowuma yosungira mbatata. Matenda aakulu a fungus akuwonetseredwa mwa kuphimba pafupifupi lonse tuber. Chomeracho chingathe kutenga kachilomboka pa kukula kwachangu, ndipo chitukuko chofulumira chimapezeka nthawi zambiri masika ndi nthawi yokolola.
4. Fusarium Dry Rot. Zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yosungirako, koma zizindikiro zambiri zimadziwika pafupi pakati kapena kumapeto kwa yosungirako. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukukochi, matendawa amawoneka ngati osakanikirana, otchedwa brown-brown, ndipo patapita nthawi thupi la pansi pawo limauma ndi kusungunuka. M'madera okhudzidwa a tuber voids amapangidwa, odzazidwa ndi mycelium.
5. Kusokoneza, kuzizira ndi kutaya kwa tubersyogwirizana ndi kulima kolakwika kapena yosungirako. Pachifukwa choyambirira, chifukwa cha zochitikazi zikhoza kukhala chosowa kwambiri cha oxygen yosungirako, yachiwiri - kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa -2 ° C kapena pansi, ndipo lachitatu - kuphwanya nyengo yabwino pa nyengo yokula (mwachitsanzo, pamene chilala cha nthawi yayitali chiyamba ).

Zonsezi ndizo zikuluzikulu, matenda opatsirana kwambiri a mbatata, koma makamaka pali zambiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri tubers zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo wamba kapena powdery, zowola mphira, zowola, nthiti yakuda (matenda amapezeka m'zigawo zilizonse: pakukula ndi kusungirako), mabala a bulauni ovunda.

Kuphatikizanso apo, kuphwanya malamulo omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa ndi kutsata mbatata kungayambitse kuoneka ngati imvi kapena kutsekemera, kudetsedwa kwa thupi, ndi kutaya.

Video: mitundu, matenda ndi kukolola mbatata Ziri zosavuta kupewa matenda kusiyana ndi kuthana ndi zotsatira zake, choncho, pakukula mbatata, nkofunika kutsatira mankhwala a fungicides ndi kusamalira malo oyenera kusungirako.

Mbewu iliyonse ya tuberous imakhala ndi yake yokha komanso yapadera ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Lembani kuti tuber ndi mtundu wina wa pansi pa nthaka, koma kubzala ndi kumalima mbatata yomweyo, podziwa zenizeni za njira ya tuberization, kudzabweretsa zotsatira zabwino zokha. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zambiri, ndibwino kuti muphunzire mosamala nkhaniyi.