Mbande za Basil: kumera ndi kudzala moyenera

Basil ndi kaphikidwe kothandiza komwe kamapatsanso mbale kununkhira bwino komanso kununkhira bwino. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, ndikufuna ndiyambe kukolola mwachangu za zonunkhira zamtengo wapatalizi. Ndi kufesa mwachindunji m'nthaka, zokololazo ziyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali, popeza basil ndi thermophilic, yolimbikitsa phindu la dothi komanso malamulo aukadaulo waulimi. Koma ngati mukukula kudzera mu mbande, ndiye kuti sizivuta kukwaniritsa zokolola zoyamba zobiriwira.

Kufesa mbande za basil

Njira yodzala mbewu yobzala Basil ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zipatso zam'mawa mwachangu ndikutola mbewu zazaka zapamwamba kuti mubzalire mu nyengo yotsatira. Mbeu zathanzi komanso zamphamvu ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke, chifukwa chake mukakulitsa, muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi yobzala, komanso nthawi yomwe mukubzala.

Gawo 1: onani nthawi yakutera

Mukamazindikira nthawi yofesa mbewu, muyenera kuganizira nthawi yomwe mungabzale mbande panthaka kapena wowonjezera kutentha. M'malo otentha, izi zili pafupifupi khumi zoyambirira za June. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, mbande zitha kubzalidwa pakati pa Meyi. Pofika nthawi iyi, mwayi wobwerera matalala wadutsa, nyengo yofunda ikhazikitsidwa, dothi lidzawotha bwino (mpaka + 10-15 madigiri), ndipo nyengoyo siziwopsezedwa chifukwa chodzala basil.

Zothandiza! Kumagawo akum'mwera, basil nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa ndi njere mu nthaka, koma kumpoto mbewu zonse zimatha kupezeka kokha kudzera mu mbande zokulira.

Kuti mudziwe nthawi yofesa, gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo lotsatirali:

1. Pazofotokozerazi, timatenga tsiku lomwe timadzaza mbewu kuti ikhale kwamuyaya. Tinene kuti m'dera lanu, deti lomwe lingatheke ndi June 1.
2. Zimatenga masiku 60 kuyambira patsikuli - zaka zoyenera kubzala musanabzike. Timalandila pa Epulo 2.
3. Chotsani masabata ena awiri. Iyi ndiye nthawi yayitali kuti mbewu zimere. Tsiku lolandilidwa ndi Marichi 19.
4. Ngati mbande izidzala ndi kutola, kutanthauza kuti, ndikubzala kuzinthu zonsezo, ndiye kuti ndizofunikira kuchotsa masiku ena 4-5 (nthawi yosinthira mbande mutatola). Timalandira tsiku lofesa mbewu - Marichi 14.

Mukafuna kudziwa nthawi yofesa, muyenera kuganizira mitundu yosankhidwa. Basil yakukula mochedwa komanso mochedwa imamera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, motero mbewu zake zidabzalidwa masiku angapo m'mbuyomu. Nthawi yofesa yam'mbuyomo ndi m'ma oyambirira mitundu iyenera kusunthidwa kulowera kwina. Zomera izi zimakula mwachangu ndipo zimatha kupitilira munthawi yake. Izi ndizosafunika kwambiri, chifukwa mbande zokhala ndi mizu yambiri zimazika nthawi yayitali.

Tcherani khutu! Ngati kulima basil kukonzekera mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi yofesa mbande imasinthidwa ndi masabata awiri, ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.

Gawo 2: konzani zotengera

Kukula kulikonse ndi koyenera kufesa mbewu za basil. Mukamasankha, muyenera kusankha pasadakhale ngati mudzakulitsa mbande limodzi ndi nkhokwe kapena popanda iwo. Ngati mukukonzekera njira yolowera pansi, ndiye kuti mutabzala koyamba, mutha kusankha mabokosi pomwe mbande zimamasuka, ndizosavuta kusamalira, zimatha kupita kumalo kwatsopano kapena kutsidya linalo.

Mukamasankha mathanki oyimitsa, kumbukirani kuti kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 8 cm

Mukadzala popanda kutola, mumakonda makontena amodzi. Pankhaniyi, kufesa mbewu kungapangidwe:

• mapiritsi a peat, makaseti ndi miphika;
• zisa zamapepala;
• makatoni ndi matayala opangidwa ndi PVC ndi polystyrene;
• zotengera kuchokera ku zinthu zotukuka, ndi zina.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zomera zodzala payekha zokulira mbande

Gawo 3: sankhani ndikukonzekera pansi

Kuti mukule bwino, mbande zodzaza bwino, muyenera kuganizira kusankha dothi. Ziyenera kukhala zopepuka, zopatsa thanzi, kukhala ndi kupuma kwabwino. Musadzaze dongo ndi dongo. Dothi loteralo silimapuma, limakhala lamphamvu ndipo limayamba kufinya mizu yofewa. Zikatero, mbande zimadwala, zimafooka, sizinakhazikike bwino.

Nazi zosankha zingapo zosakanikira dothi labwino polimitsa mbande za basil:

1. Humus, peat, mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 4: 1.
2. Munda wamaluwa, peat, humus mu magawo ofanana.

Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lachonde: silothandiza mbewu kuti zimere, komanso kupweteketsa - chepetsa kubzala kwa mbande ndi kukula, kupangitsa matenda

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupangire dothi losakanikirana. Chithandizo cha kutentha chidzaononga mbewu za udzu ndi mabakiteriya azinthu zopezeka mu humus ndi dothi laminda.

Tcherani khutu! Mitundu yosakanizira yogulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chifukwa cha kupha tizilombo, njira yothetsera ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena Fitosporin imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nthaka yosakanizika ndi yosakanizidwa, ngati pakufunika, imakhetsedwa ndi michere. Kwa izi, urea, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate (supuni 0,5 iliyonse) zimawonjezeredwa kumadzi okhazikika. Pothira feteleza, nyowetsani gawo lomwe linakonzedwa kale. Kuthirira kotereku kumapangitsa dothi kukhala labwino, kupatsa mbande zotumphukira zinthu zonse zofunika.

Gawo 4: timakonza zodzala

Mbewu za Basil ndizogwira ntchito pokhapokha kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa malo awo achilengedwe ndi nyengo yotentha ya India. Chifukwa chake, musanafike, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwatenthe ndi kutentha kwa madigiri a40. Izi zitha kuchitika pawindo ladzuwa kapena pa radiators. Pambuyo pakuwotha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizilowetsa nthangala kwa maola 24 m'madzi ofunda (pafupifupi +40 degrees), ndikuwumitsa pang'ono.

Malangizo othandiza! Powuluka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho a zopukusira za kukula Zircon, Albit, etc.

Konzekerani kutsetsa nthangala za basil

Zofunika! Mbeu zapamwamba kwambiri, zotenthetsedwa ndi chinyezi zimaphukira pafupifupi patsiku la 7-10 mutabzala.

Gawo 5: kubzala moyenera

Kufesa basil ndikosavuta. Njirayi ikuphatikiza zotsatirazi:

1. Dothi lamiyala lamatope kapena timiyala timayala pansi pake. Makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala 2-3 cm.
2. Chidebe chofikira chimadzaza ndi gawo lapansi kuti osachepera 1 cm akhale kumapeto kwa chotsekeracho.
   

   Mukadzaza thanki, onani kuti dothi lonyowa likukhazikika pang'ono
3. Dothi limapangidwa pang'ono ndikunyowa.
   

   Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira nthaka musanadzale mbeu

4. Wotentha, wonyowa ndi pang'ono zouma pang'ono amaunjikidwa panthaka.
   

   Kuti mbande sizimenyera malo padzuwa, ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewuzo motalikirana kwa masentimita 2-3 kuchokera pa inzake

5. Aziwaze pamwamba ndi dothi losakaniza pafupifupi masentimita 0.5. Mukabzala mitundu ingapo, zilembo zokhala ndi mayina zimayikidwa, kuti mutha kuyendera mitundu yomwe mumakonda.
   

   Dzazani makaseti ndi nthaka yotsala kuti mbewu za basil zikhale pakuya kwa 0,5-1 cm

6. Pukuta pansi pang'onopang'ono (makamaka kuchokera pa botolo lothira) kuti mbewu zisasambitsidwe. Osagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira ndi ndege yamphamvu. Ndizovuta kudziwa kuti mbewu pamodzi ndi madzi zimatha kulowa pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali kapena sizimaphukira konse.
   

   Njira yabwino yonyowetsera nthaka - kupopera ndi mfuti

7. Zombozo zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo owala bwino komanso otentha.
   

   Mukangofika kumene, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ya polyethylene kuti apange greenhouse

Kanema: mbande za basil mu nkhono

Kusamalira Mbewu

Kutentha kwakukulu pakusunga mabokosi okhala ndi nthangala zobzalidwa ndi + 20-25 madigiri. Pambuyo pa kutuluka, zinthu zophimba zimachotsedwa ndipo zotengera zimayikidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 16-16. Zikatero, mbande sizitambasuka.

Pambuyo pochotsa filimuyo, basil iyenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro chanthawi zonse komanso munthawi yake.

Ndikofunikira kupereka mphukira ndi kuwala kokwanira. Kuwala koyipa kumafooketsa ndikutambasula mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ikani zidebe zokhala ndi mbande m'malo abwino owala, otetezedwa ku kuwala kowala.

Tcherani khutu! Kuwala mwachindunji pamasamba achichepere kumatha kuyambitsa kuyaka.

Kuthirira

Pamwamba pa thanki yosungirako sayenera kuuma. Popanda chinyezi, mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimayamba kufota, siyani kukula. Kuthirira nthaka ndikuvulaza mbewu. Zitha kuyambitsa kufa kwa mizu, kuwola kwawo, kukula kwa matenda monga mwendo wakuda.

Zofunika! Ngati mukuyang'ana mbande mudazindikira kuti duwa lowoneka bwino limapezeka m'munsi mwa tsinde, ndipo khosi lake limadetsedwa - izi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda amiyendo yakuda. Ndikofunikira kuthira mbande ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa: supuni 1 ya vitriol mu 2 malita a madzi ofunda.

Mbande za basil zimakonda kuthiriridwa ndimadzi osungidwa bwino, ofunda (osachepera +22 degrees). Kuthirira mwachindunji kuchokera pampopi kungayambitse kufa kwa mizu. Kuthirira mbande mosamala, muyenera kuyesa kufikisa nthaka, osati kuthirira masamba. Zinyalala pamtunda wobiriwira zingayambitse kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Mbande za Basil ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala, kuonetsetsa kuti sizigwa

Zothandiza! Pali lingaliro lolakwika kuti asananyamule mbande kupita kumalo obzala, iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Izi sizowona, chifukwa masamba ake ndi masamba ake amakhala osalimba, amatha kusweka, kusiyana ndi kutsika pang'ono.

Kutola mbande

Mbeu zosakhota ndi njira yosankha. Ngati njere zofesedwa mumtundu umodzi, kapena kufesa zidachitika mchakudya chachikulu ndipo mbande sizinakhutire, ndizotheka kuchita popanda kutola. Ndikokwanira kupukusa mbande ndikuwonjezera dothi pachidebe kuti mulimbitse mbewuzo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, kutola kumachitika mwa magawo awiri a masamba awa. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi zosakaniza zitha kukhala chimodzimodzi pofesa mbewu za basil. Kutola kumachitika motere:

1. Zopangira zamunthu aliyense zimadzazidwa ndi dothi labwino, ndipo zimapangika pang'ono.
2. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kamapangidwa pakati.
3. Mbande zimamwetsedwa kuti zithe kuchotsedwa mosavuta pamtengowo ndipo mbande zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta.
   

   Mbande za Basil zakonzeka kuyenda m'mitsinje ya masamba enieni a 2-3

4. Mmera uliwonse umatsitsidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera. Kuzama kwa kubzala kuyenera kufanana ndi kwa mbande.
   

   Mbande za Basil sizipanga mizu yaying'ono pa tsinde, ndikofunika kuyenda pansi popanda kuzama

5. Zikumera zokhala ndi nthaka.
   

   Mmera uliwonse wa basil umalowa mu chosungira china
6. Kuthirira mosamala, kuteteza kuti mbande zisagwe.
   

   Mukangotola, mbewu zimathiriridwa madzi mosamala

Patatha masiku 7-10 kutola, mbande zitha kudyetsedwa ndi urea (supuni 1) ndi superphosphate (supuni 0,5) kusungunuka m'madzi (1 lita). Amalimbikitsidwa nthawi zina kuti mungu wochokera padziko lapansi ukhaleko phulusa. Sizingangopatsa mbande zakudya zowonjezera, komanso zingakhale chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Kanema: momwe mungayendetsere mbande za basil

Kuzunza mbande za basil

Pakakulitsa mbande za basil, zimayesetsa kupangira izi. Ndikusintha kowoneka bwino m'malo opangidwa mwaluso - mwachitsanzo, mukadzalidwa pamalo otseguka - mbewuyo imakumana ndi kupsinjika, ikhoza kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali, idwala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pang'onopang'ono muzolowera, kukonzekera mbande zatsopano. Chifukwa chaichi, chimakwiya. Kusamalira kumayambira pafupifupi milungu iwiri musanabzale mbewuyo pamalo okhazikika. Amatengedwa ndi mpweya wabwino kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Mkhalidwe waukulu: kutentha kwa mbande pa nthawi yokhazikika kuyenera kukhala osachepera +5 madigiri.

Zofunika! Njira yokwanira yolimbitsa thupi ndikupanga kutentha kwa masana masentimita a + 15-17, usiku - + 12-15. Pa kuumitsa, kuthirira mbande ndizochepa.

Choyamba, mbewuzo zimatengedwa kupita kumlengalenga kwa maola osaposa awiri, kutentha kwa mpweya kukwera mpaka kufika pamlingo wofunikira pa basil

Thirani mbande panja

Mbande za Basil ndizokonzeka kubzala panthaka pazaka 50-60. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, ayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera asanu, akhale athanzi komanso wamphamvu. Mukamazindikira nthawi yomwe mudzasinthira, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi nyengo: kuwopsa kwa chisanu chamadzulo kuyenera kudutsa ndipo nthaka ikhale yotentha mpaka madigiri 10 +. Kuti ikamatera, sankhani malo a dzuwa, otetezedwa ku mphepo yakumpoto, malowo amasulika bwino komanso okonzedwa ndi organic (1 ndowa ya manyowa owola pamita lalikulu). Thirani ndikuchitika motere:

1. Mbande zimasinthidwa kumalo omwe zakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe.
2. Ngati idakulidwa mu pulasitiki, mumtondo wamatabwa, mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala, kusamala kuti zisawononge nthaka, yoyendetsedwa ndi mizu. Miphika ya peat ndi mapiritsi amabzalidwa ndi mbewu.
   

   Mbande za Basil ndizosavuta kutulutsa mu kaseti pomwe mizu yake yakhala ikulowerera mu dothi

3. Chitsime chosachepera 8 cm chimakonzedwa chomera chilichonse.
4. Chitsime chimayikidwa patali kuti chimzake chilichonse chizikhala ndi malo abwino odyetsera. Chizindikiro ichi chimatengera kutalika kwa mitundu. Mitundu yobzala mbewu yochepa kwambiri imatha kukhala 20x20 cm, pomwe mbewu zokulira sizingakhale zosachepera 40x20 cm.
5. Chitsime chilichonse chimathirira madzi ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira 1 litre.
6. Chomera chomwe chili mumphika wa peat kapena ndi dothi ladziko lapansi chimayikidwa m'dzenjemo kuti masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi nthambi zapakati zikhale pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
   

   Tchire la basil liyenera kubzalidwa kuti nthambi zake zazikulu ndi masamba azikhala pamwamba pa nthaka

7. Dzenje limakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndikuthiranso ndi madzi ofunda.

Tcherani khutu! Ngati kumuyika ukuchitika potsatira malamulo awa, ndiye m'masiku ochepa chabe, mbande za basil zidzalowa kolimba ndipo chitsamba chikuyamba kukula mwachangu.

Kanema: Thirani mbande za basil m'munda

Zambiri zodzala mbande za basil mu wowonjezera kutentha

M'malo otetezedwa, malo abwino obzala basil amapezeka masabata angapo kale kuposa poyera. Malamulo okubweza basil kukhala wowonjezera kutentha sasintha pakubzala poyera. Chachikulu ndikuti m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, nthawi zambiri mbewu zimabzalidwa ndi mzere kapena kama. Mu greenh m'nyumba ndi greenhouse, basil imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophatikiza chomera pakati pa tomato, biringanya ndi tsabola. Kuti muchotse bwino msatsi ndi kukonzekera, ndikofunikira kutsina pamwamba pamera. Pokhazikika pakudya kwadothi labwino, kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso kuchuluka kwake, mbewuyo izikhala yoyambirira komanso yapamwamba.

M'madera a dera la Moscow, kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto, ndiye kuti ulimi wobzalamo ndiwo womwe ungadzapatse zipatso zambiri zoyambirira komanso zobiriwira

Kugwirizana kwa Basil ndi mbewu zina

Basil ndi ya mbewu inzake, kutanthauza zitsamba zonunkhira zomwe zimapanga zinthu zina zomwe zimathandizanso pa mbewu zina: zimakulitsa kukula, kupangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupukusa tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, tchire la basil nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana. Basil imagwirizana bwino ndi izi:

• Tomato
  

  Basil imakongoletsa kukoma kwa phwetekere, komanso kuthamangitsa tizirombo tina kuchokera kwa tomato, kuphatikiza mphutsi za phwetekere

• nyemba. Basil imateteza kubzala kwa nyemba kuti isawonongeke ndi nyemba;
• tsabola ndi biringanya;
  

  Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa kuti pobzala basil + tsabola, mbewu zimathandizana

• mitengo ya zipatso. Phytoncides obisika ndi chomera amachepetsa kufalitsa tizirombo ndi matenda;
• m'malo a kabichi, kaloti ndi masamba ena;
• saladi, parsley ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira;
  

  Zitsamba zonunkhira zimatha kupangika ngati malo osiyana - dimba la zonunkhira, lomwe limadzakhala zokongoletsera za tsambalo

• pafupifupi mitundu yonse.
  
  

  Mukabzala basil m'munda wamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira kutalika ndi kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa pamodzi

Zomera zokhazokha zomwe sizikulimbikitsidwa Basil ndiye muzu, komanso nkhaka zomwe sizimakonda malo obzala palimodzi ndi zitsamba zonunkhira zilizonse. Basil imakula bwino mbewu zomwe zidayamba kukhazikitsidwa zambiri: nyemba, nkhaka, phwetekere, mbatata, zukini, anyezi, kabichi ndi kaloti, komanso siderates. Popeza malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbewu, simungabzale basil m'malo amodzi zaka zingapo motsatizana. Mutha kubwezeretsanso chikhalidwe chake pamalo oyambirirapo osapitilira zaka 4-5.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa zabwino za basil, maubwino ake, kuphatikiza mbewu zam'munda, muyenera kukhala ndi chomera pamabedi otseguka komanso m'malo obisalamo. Zimangosankha mitundu yomwe mumakonda - ndipo mutha kuyamba kubzala.