Balsamu Fir Amakhala woyamba pakati pa okonzeka m'masewera ojambula zithunzi ndi okonda kukongoletsa nyumba yawo yachilimwe. Nzosadabwitsa, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa kukongoletsa, mtengo umakhala wokondweretsa, wochiritsira, utomoni wobiriwira komanso utomoni wobiriwira umene umapha zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndipo zimachotsa mpweya. Dziko la kumpoto kwa America ndilo kumpoto kwa America, komwe kuli mtengo waukulu wa m'nkhalango.
Mukudziwa? Pakati pa aromatherapists pali lingaliro lakuti fungo la balsamic fir limalimbikitsa chiyembekezo, katundu wambiri ndi kuthetsa kuvutika maganizo. Kuyambira kalekale balsamu fir wakhala akuyesa mtengo wopatulika m'mayiko ambiri kumpoto.
Mafuta a Basamu: Kufotokozera
Balsamu wamtengo wapatali (Abies balsamea) amaimira banja la Pine, kufotokoza kwa mitundu yake kumasiyana ndi kukula kwake ndipo kuli ndi zaka zoposa 20. Pali zonse zitsamba zokongola, mpaka mamita 50 cm, ndipo mitengo ikuluikulu imakhala mamita makumi anayi mu msinkhu. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya firamu ya balsamic imakhala ndi korona yooneka ngati ya piramidi, yomwe imafalikira kwambiri ndi singano zazikulu.
Mitsinje yowoneka bwino, yofiirira, yofiira ndi yofiira-wofiira, mpaka masentimita 10 m'litali. Makungwawo ndi ofiira-bulauni, osakaniza. Kumtchire, kutalika kwa mtengo kumadutsa 23-35 m. Kutalika kwa singano kumapanga 25 mm ndipo kuli malo a chisa. Pamwamba pa singano mdima wobiriwira, wowala, ndi mikwingwirima yowoneka pansi. Balsamu fir ili ndi zida zake - kusowa kwa resin ndime mu nkhuni. Zimayikidwa mu makungwa, mosiyana ndi zina zotchedwa conifers. Komanso, chomeracho chili ndi mizu yokha. Nthawi zambiri moyo wamtengo wapitirira zaka 200.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwala ochiritsira a balsamic fir ndi otchuka kwambiri, mankhwala amapangidwa kuchokera ku ziwalo zake zonse. Makungwa, singano, masamba, utomoni, ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe amachokera ku chomera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala.
Mitundu yambiri ya balsamic fir
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa makumi awiri ya basamu yafiramu, kuphatikizapo zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe.
Chodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokula mu nyumba zachinyumba za chilimwe ndi zochepa, zochepa zomwe zikukula:
- Kiwi - Kukula pang'onopang'ono, shrub wamtengo wapatali mpaka 50 masentimita pamwamba. Ili ndi korona wozungulira ndi mdima wandiweyani, wandiweyani, nsapato zonyezimira, zochepa. Mitengo yaing'ono imakhala ndi singano za mtundu wa bluish. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi imapezeka m'minda yaing'ono, yamaluwa kapena miyala yochepetsetsa, ndipo ndiyo njira yabwino yokwera miphika.
- Nana - shwarub, yochepa-kukula shrub kutalika kwa 50 cm kufika 1 mita. Crohn wozungulira, mamita awiri m'lifupi mwake. Ili ndi nthambi zofalikira, zowirira, zopingasa. Zisoti ndi zakuda, zakuda, zofiira ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi ya buluu pansi. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya balsamic yosalala ndi yozizira imakhala yosavuta kubzala ndi kusamalira. Zikuwoneka bwino m'mitsuko, miyala yamaluwa ndi malo okongola.
- Hudsonia - Mmodzi mwa anthu omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri, komanso amodzi. Ili ndi nthambi zazikulu kwambiri ndi zing'onozing'ono, singano zopanda pake, zojambulazo zakuda ndi zobiriwira pamwamba ndi bluu wobiriwira pansipa. Anakhazikitsidwa ku United States, New Hampshire, kumene imakula m'nkhalango zakutali.
- Piccolo - Zokongoletsera kwambiri, zosiyana siyana, mtengo wamtengo sichiposa 30-50 cm. Zili ndi korona wobiriwira wobiriwira, wa mtundu wodzaza. Achinyamata zitsamba zimakhala zobiriwira. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi zithunzi zapamwamba, zotsetsereka.
- Green Globe - chomera chaching'ono cha coniferous, chokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tomwe timapanga. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu wamkulu kumakhala mamita 1. Korona ndi ngakhale, yozungulira, osasowa kukongoletsa. Zofesedwa payekha, udzu wokongoletsera, mapiri a alpine ndi minda yamaluwa, komanso maluwa akuluakulu.
Zomwe zimayendera britamic fir
Mbali za zomera zomwe zimakula zikudutsa panthaŵi yake, chifukwa chodzala basamu wafiramu ndibwino makamaka mu kasupe kuposa m'dzinja.
Kusankha malo okhala
Chikhalidwe cha Basamu chachisanu cha mthunzi, kotero kuti kubzala kwake kuyenera kusankha malo othunzi a malo - mthunzi kapena mthunzi wache. Ndi bwino ngati pali malo pafupi ndi malo osankhidwa kuti apange.
Mtundu wotani umakonda mafuta a basamu
Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino mu lonyowa, wolemera, wokonzedwa bwino, loamy nthaka. Popeza zimakhala zovuta kukula firiti m'nthaka yolemetsa, m'pofunika kukonza makina 20 masentimita a miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena njerwa yochepa. Ndiye ndikofunika kutsanulira chisakanizo cha zovuta zamchere feteleza ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka pamwamba pa madzi osanjikiza. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mafuta a balsamic komanso okhala ndi dothi lokhala bwino, sangathe kuima pamadzi.
Kubzala mafuta a basamu
Pofuna kubzala balsamic fir m'dzikoli kumafuna mbande zosakwana zaka zinayi. Kufika kumapangidwe mu April, ndipo ndi bwino kusankha mvula kapena masana chifukwa cha izi. Masabata awiri musanadzalemo, muyenera kukumba dzenje la 60x60x60 cm, malingana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mbeu. Kenaka, ndowa 2-3 zimatsanulidwira m'dzenje ndipo, zitatha, zimakumba pansi ndi theka la fosholo.
Ikani masentimita asanu ndi makumi asanu kuchokera pansi pa madzi osweka kapena mwa njerwa ndikudzaza theka la gawolo. Chigawo cha magawo atatu a humus, 2 mbali ya dongo, peat ndi mchenga wa 1 gawo, 10 makilogalamu wa utuchi ndi 0.2-0.3 makilogalamu a nitrophoska ntchito bwino. Patatha milungu iwiri nthaka itakhazikika mu dzenje, ikani mmera mmenemo kuti mzere wa mizu ukhale mlingo ndi pamwamba pa chiwembucho. Kenaka yongani mizu ndikudzaza dzenje ndi theka lasana la substrate, sungani choyenera ndikutsanulira. Ngati mukufuna kukula balsamic fir alley, ndiye kuti zoyala ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa mamita 4-5 kuchokera mzake.
Zomwe zimasamalira biramic fir
Mafuta a basamu amadziwika ndi kulekerera kwa mthunzi wabwino ndi chisanu chakumana, choncho, n'zosavuta kusamalira firing plantings. Koma mu nyengo yovuta ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, ntchentche ya thunthu mbali ya mtengo nthawi zambiri imawonedwa. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira mudzafunika kuphimba achinyamata omwe akudzala zonunkhira. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti fir ili ndi mizu yokha, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zomera zisasunthike, chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri zimaonongeka ndi mphepo yamphamvu.
Kuthirira zomera ndi kusamalira nthaka
Ngakhale kuti kulimbana kwakukulu kwa chilala, mafuta a basamu amawathira bwino nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yozizira, kusamba kwa mlungu uliwonse wa korona wamtengo kumalimbikitsidwa. M'chaka, 2-3 kuthirira ndi okwanira ndi 15-20 malita a madzi panthawi. Pambuyo kuthirira kumafunika kutulutsa nthaka, komanso kuchotsa namsongole nthawi yake.
Chovala chokongoletsera cha basamu
Mutabzala, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuti mulch tsinde la mmimba mwake likhale pafupifupi 50 masentimita ndi tchipisi, utuchi kapena peat, titayika mulch 5-10 cm wosanjikiza. Chomeracho chimafuna kudyetsa kowonjezera kokha zaka 2-3 mutabzala. M'chaka muyenera kuwonjezera 100-125 g wa "Kemira Universal" muzunguliro wapafupi
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti chingwe cha mulch sichikhudza ndipo sichitseka balsamu fir mizu.
Momwe mungapangire korona wa fir
Mafuta a basamu samafuna chisamaliro chapadera, komabe, kuti kulima kokongola kokongola mumunda kumasowa kudulira nthawi zonse. Amachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, isanayambe kusamba kwa madzi. Misewu wamaluwa amachotsa nthambi zakale, zowuma ndi zowonongeka. Kukonza zokongoletsera kupanga korona kumachitika ngati kuli koyenera, chifukwa firi mwachibadwa amakhala wokongola ndi korona wokhazikika. Koma ngati kuli kofunikira kukonza mawonekedwe, ziyenera kuchitidwa pofupikitsa mphukira zosaposa zitatu.
Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera
Monga momwe mungatsimikizirire, kudzala firitsi pa dacha, nthawi zina simusowa. Koma kuti mukhale mtengo wathanzi, nthawi zina muyenera kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo tina ta chikhalidwe. Mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera balsamu imayambira ku spruce-fir hermes, mtundu wa aphid. Kugonjetsedwa kwa tizilomboti kumayambitsa chikasu ndi kufooka kwa singano. Kuti achotse Hermes, kukonzekera "Antio" kapena "Rogor" kudzakhala koyenera, komwe kumayambitsidwa mvula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene nyengo yozizira idzauka. Yankho lakonzekera kuchokera 20 g imodzi mwazigawozi ndi 10 malita a madzi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwewo tidzathandizanso pa vuto la tizirombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina firinayi imakhala ndi chikasu cha singano komanso kupanga mapulotechete a mphukira pa mphukira. Chifukwa cha izi ndi dzimbiri, mtundu wa matenda a fungal. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi zodwala zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa pamodzi ndi singano zowonongeka, ndipo kudula kumakhala ndi phula la munda. Pambuyo pake, korona ayenera sprayed ndi yankho la Bordeaux madzi 2%.
