Pakali pano, mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka, woyimira banja la dzungu, yayambidwa kuchokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale mlimi yemwe ali ndi zaka zochuluka pakukula mbewuyi akhoza kugwedezeka ndi mbeu zambiri. Kodi tinganene chiyani za amateurs kapena omwe atangoyamba kuswana masamba?
Ndipo ngati woyang'anira munda akukhala m'dera losasunthika kwambiri ngati Mzindawu, chifukwa cha nyengo, ndiye kuti munthu atha kuthandiza.
Kuti adziwe kuti ntchito yake siidzatha, woyang'anira minda amayamba kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi momwe angabweretse nkhaka mumtsinje ndi mitundu yomwe mungasankhe.
Kulankhulidwa mu nkhaniyi kudzachitika zosiyanasiyana za mbewuyi.
Sakani "Cupid"
Partenocarpic wosakanizidwa. Bwerani mwamsanga (masiku 42 mpaka 45). Zomera zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, zamphamvu, ndi mizu yotchuka kwambiri.
Nkhumba imodzi ya nkhalango zotero 6 - 8 zingapangidwe. Zipatso zimakhala zooneka ngati zobiriwira, zobiriwira zakuda, zomwe zimakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono.
Peel nkhaka mitundu "Cupid" ndi woonda kwambiri, ndi kumwa pafupifupi sanali kumva. Thupi limodzi ndi peel silipereka konse kukhumudwa mu kukoma. Zipatso sizimataya maonekedwe awo okongola, ngati zimagona kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti sizimatuluka chikasu.
Komanso nkhaka izi akhoza kutengedwa, pamene safota ndipo sizikuyenda bwino.
Zokolola ndi zazikulu kwambiri - 25 - 28 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M. Koma pali ufulu wosamalira tchire, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthawi, zokolola zimatha kukula mpaka 45 - 50 makilogalamu pa gawo lonse! Zosiyanasiyana sizakhudzidwa ndi panopa ndi downy mildew.
M'dera lam'mlengalenga la Mitsinje, ndi zofunika kukula mbande kuti mutenge tchire. Pambuyo pa masiku 35 mpaka 40, mbande zikhoza kukhazikika.
Ndondomeko yobzala: 3 mbande pa 1 lalikulu. m. wa nthaka. Kusamalira mbande kawirikawiri: kuthirira, kuvala, kunyamula pambuyo pa maonekedwe a tsamba loyamba kapena lachiwiri. Kufesa mbewu kumapeto kwa March. Nthawi yobzala mbande pansi - mapeto a May.
Mitundu imeneyi imagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa.
Ndibwino kuti azitha kuthirira nthawi zonse, kupanga feteleza zovuta m'nthaka, kuchotsa namsongole, komanso kumasula nthaka atatha kuthirira.
Sankhani "Arina"
Partenocarpic wosakanizidwa. Pakati pa nyengo (masiku 43 mpaka 46). Mtundu wa maluwa a maluwa. Mitengo yamphamvu, yothamanga, imapanga kuchuluka kwa masitepe.
Chiwerengero cha masamba pa mphukira ndichiwerengero, masamba okhawo amakhala aakulu. Mu node imodzi idapanga 1 - 2 ovary. Zipatso zili zobiriwira, 15 - 17 cm yaitali, kwambiri yowutsa mudyo, zabwino kwambiri kukoma, crispy.
Peelyo ili ndi zikopa zazikulu pakati, zonunkhira ndi zoyera. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano kapena kutumizidwa kukonzanso.
Powdery mildew, maolivi, mabala a nkhaka samakhudza tchire la zosiyanasiyana. Koma powdery mildew ikhoza kusokoneza mbewuyo, ngati simutenga mankhwala.
Mitengo kuthana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala zofunikira kwambiri "wokhalamo" m'minda ya Ural. Kawirikawiri zokolola, 5 - 6 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita
Ikhoza kukula mu malo oteteza zomera ndi malo osatetezedwa. Muyenera kuyamba ndi mbande. Ngakhale, ngati wowonjezera kutenthedwa utenthedwa, njere zikhoza kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi.
Kusamalira mbande wamba. Zimalangizidwa kukwiyitsa mbewu. Pamene mubzala achinyamata baka mu wowonjezera kutentha pa 1 lalikulu. m. inu mukhoza prikopat osachepera 3 mbande. Ngati mukukula nkhakayi mu nthaka yosatetezedwa, ndiye kuti tchire 3 - 4 zingabzalidwe pa unit unit.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi ndi madzi ofunda nthawi zonse, ndipo zitatha - kumasula nthaka. Pofuna kuteteza tchire kuti zisamalidwe bwino, zimakhala zofunikira kutsitsa ana opeza nthawi isanakwane. Komanso panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrojeni yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 15%, ndipo mutayamba kuyamba kukolola, kukula kwa feteleza kumabwezeretsedwa.
Zosiyanasiyana "Nthanda za Moscow"
Choyambirira chosakanizidwa.
Zipatso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito masiku 42-45 mutatha mbande.
Zitsamba zosakwanira, nthambi mu digirikati. M'magawo opangidwa ndi 1 - 2 ovary.
Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, zowoneka bwino, 12 mpaka masentimita 12, kulemera kwake ndi 80-110 g. Pamwamba pali tuberculate, spikes ndi zoyera, chiwerengero cha zoperewera ndizochepa.
Kukoma kwazitsamba zonse ndi kuzifota nkhaka zam'chitini ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Wosakanizidwayu amadziwika kucha nthawi imodzi, komanso kutsutsana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Amatha kubereka zipatso mwazidzidzidzi. Zophatikiza sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri, koma downy mildew ingasokoneze pang'ono zomera ndi mbewu.
Ndikoyenera kuyamba kulima mtundu uwu ndi kulima mmera. Mbewu yamakalata ikhoza kuchitidwa pakati pa mwezi wa April. Mbande ayenera kuthiriridwa, feteleza ndi kuumitsidwa.
Kusankha mogwirizana ndi dongosolo, ndiko, mu gawo 1 - 2 mwa mapepala awa. Kuwombera pansi kumaloledwa mbeu 35 - 40 zakale. Kukula kwake ndi mbande ziwiri - 3 mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena 3-4 - pamalo otseguka.
Chisamaliro ndi chachizolowezi, monga zomera zimakhala zosasamala. Ndibwino kuti musasinthe ulimi wothirira, makamaka ngati kutentha kwa kunja kuli kokwanira. Kudyetsa kawirikawiri ndikofunikira kwa feteleza lonse. Popeza tchire ndizabwino, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa trellis ndi kuwombera mphukira pa zothandizira.
Kuwundana kwa nthaka sikuvulaza tchire, koma kudzakhala kopindulitsa. Mankhwala othandiza komanso ochiritsa odwala ndi odwala fungicides amavomerezedwa.
Sakani "ulendo"
Zosakanizidwa, parthenkarpik. Zipatso zoyambirira kucha - zikhoza kudyedwa 40 - 45 patatha masiku kumera.
Mitengo imakhala yolimba, koma palibe mphukira zambiri zowonjezera. Zipatso zapakatikati (kukula kwa 10-12 masentimita), mulemera phindu 100-110 g, wa mawonekedwe ozungulira. Peel ili ndi timagercles tating'onoting'ono, timene timayera.
Thupi ndi khungu limakhala lobiriwira, koma pali mikwingwirima yonyezimira pamtunda. Kuwidwa mtima sikumva kukoma kwa zamkati, kapena kulawa kwa peel.
Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana izi ndi bata kulekerera kusintha kulikonse kwa nyengo, kutanthauza kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.
Kladosporiosis, powdery mildew ndi makasitomala a ma makanema samakhudza izi zosiyanasiyana. Zokololazo ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe ndi 3.5 - 3.7 makilogalamu pa 1 mbewu. Zokwanira chakudya mu mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi, ndi zamzitini kapena zowonongeka.
M'pofunika kukula tchire cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu greenhouses. Ndikoyenera kufesa mbewu za mbande mu April, ndi kuika mbande mu Meyi, pamene nyengo yakhazikika kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kukhala ndi nyengo yoyenera yomwe mbeu zimera, mwinamwake njira yozomera ingachedwe. Zidzakhala bwino 25 - 30 ° C m'nthaka.
Pambuyo pa masiku 30 mpaka 35, mbande zimatha kudumpha malinga ndi 50 x 55 cm.
Mitengo ndi yopanda ulemu mu chisamaliro. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi ulimi wothirira, kutsekemera ndi kumasula nthaka, komanso feteleza. Imwani tchire imayenera madzi ofunda masiku atatu kapena 4. Dyetsa masiku khumi ndi awiri.
Sakani "Altai"
Wotchuka kwambiri m'magulu a wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Mitengo yoyamba ya njuchi, zipatso zamtundu wa zipatso zimapezeka masiku 35 - 38 pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba za mbande.
Chomera cha mtundu wothandizira, chiwerengero cha mphukira zapamwamba zimapangidwa ndichiwerengero, kutalika kwa mphukira kufika pa 1-1.3 m. Zelentsy ndi mawonekedwe afupipafupi, 9-10 masentimita yaitali, ndi masekeli 85-90 g
Mtundu wa mnofu ndi peel ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira, thupi lokha, pamodzi ndi peel, sichilawa chowawa. Pamwamba pa chipatsocho amathandizidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma tubercles, pubescence pa iwo ndi yoyera. Malo oterewa akhoza kutsekedwa m'mabanki ndi kuzifota m'mbale. Zatsopano ndi zabwino.
Zokolola zazikulu - 5.5-6 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m. Matenda ambiri a nkhaka samakhudza izi zosiyanasiyana.
Yokwanira malo otseguka ndi otsekedwa. Yambani kukulitsa zosowa rassadnym metol. Zinthu za mbande zamtsogolo zimakhala zachilendo. Kufesa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Kuzama kwa mbeu ziyenera kukhala 1.5 - 2 masentimita. Kukula kwake sikungapitirire mbande zitatu pa 1 sq. M.
Kuwombera tchire kungakhale pachiyambi - pakati pa May. Ngati kukwera kudzapangidwe pansi, ndipo nyengo imakhala yoipa, ndiye kuti tchire tating'ono tifunika kutseka kwa kanthawi.
Kusamalira kudzichepetsa. Zidzakhala zokwanira nthawi zonse kuthirira tchire ndi madzi kutentha, kumasula dothi ndikuchita zakudya zina. Muyenera kupanga zofunikira zonse za mankhwala, komanso organic. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mavairasi panthawi yake, monga kupewa.
Kalasi "Kum'mawa kwa 27"
Nyengo zapakati pa nyengo ya njuchi. Zipatso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pa 40 - 55 masiku atatha mphukira yoyamba.
Mitengo ikufalikira, ndipo kutalika kwa mphukira ndikulukulu. Zinganenedwe kuti izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zosakwanira. Pali masamba ochepa pammera, kotero zipatso zimapeza kuwala kokwanira.
Nkhuka zokha ndizitali (mpaka 15 masentimita), masekeli 100-200 g, zimafanana ndi elongated ellipse mu mawonekedwe, ndipo ndi zazikulu kukula. Tsabola ndi lobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu, pali phula laling'ono pa chipatso.
Kukoma kwa nkhaka zatsopano kapena zokonzedwa bwino. Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zosiyana kuthamanga kwa downy mildew. Komanso, tchire la nkhakayi imalekerera mosavuta kusowa kwa chinyontho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kubzala zomera izi pamtunda wokwera.
Masamba pa tchire ndi ochepa, choncho zokolola zimathandizidwa. Kukonzekera - 1 - 3 makilogalamu pa gawo limodzi la bedi.
Nthano zamakalata za mbande zikhoza kuchitika kuyambira m'ma April. Kuzama kwa mbeu zowonongeka - 2-3 masentimita. Mitengo imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kudyetsedwa kuti ikhale yolimba musanabzala mu Ural. Ndifunikanso kupsa mbewu. Kusankha kumafunika.
Kuwombera pansi kumayenera kuchitika pamene kulibe chisanu usiku. Kukula kwazitsulo kumafunika mbande ziwiri - 3 palala. mita Mutha kukula zonse mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunja.
Zinyama zomwezo ndizodzichepetsa. Choncho, zidzatha kupirira kutentha kwa usiku, komanso kulephera kwa njira yothirira.
Chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira mlungu uliwonse chiyenera kufika 3 mpaka 4, makamaka pa nyengo yotentha. Kudyetsa kumafunika. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya trellis kuti ikule zitsamba, monga momwe zomera zimakhalira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za parthenocarpic nkhaka mitundu.
Zosiyanasiyana "Miranda"
Zosakaniza - parthenkarpik yakucha kucha (masiku 40 - 45). Cholinga cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chilengedwe chonse. Mutha kukhala mu nthaka iliyonse.
Zomera zimakhala zamphamvu, chiwerengero cha masamba pa mphukira ndi chachikulu, masamba okha ndi aakulu kwambiri. Node imodzi ili ndi 1 - 2 mazira. Zelentsy ndizolemera, kutalika kwa 11-12 masentimita, pofika kufika 110-120 g, mawonekedwe ozungulira, okhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha tubercles, white pubescence.
Tsabola ndi lobiriwira, pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono yoyera, palinso mikwingwirima yachikasu yomwe imafika pakati pa chipatso. Mapulogalamu a nkhaka yomwe imakhala yamitundu yambiri, yowutsa mudyo, yotsekemera, yokoma kwambiri, imakhala ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyana "Miranda" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga saladi, zomwe nkhakazi zimawonjezera kukoma ndi fungo losangalatsa. Komanso, malo obiriwirawa ndi abwino kuti asungidwe ndi pickling.
Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kapena powdery mildew limodzi ndi matenda ena kungawononge kwambiri tchire ndi zipatso za zosiyanasiyana.
Pakati pa April ndi nthawi yabwino yofesa mbande. Kuwombera pansi kumatheka kuyambira kumapeto kwa May, koma mbande zingabzalidwe mu moto wowonjezera kutentha ngakhale kale. Mukhoza kungotaya mbande zomwe zafika zaka makumi atatu.
Nthaka ya nyemba iyenera kukhala yotenthedwa, mwinamwake sichidzaphuka. Ndi njira ya trellis yolima baka pa 1 lalikulu. m. mukhoza pekopat 2 - 3 chitsamba, ndipo ngati palibe chithandizo, ndiye chitsamba cha 3 mpaka 4. Muyenera kusamalira chonde chisanafike, choncho kufesa bwino mu autumnUral nkhaka.
Kuthirira tchire ayenera kukhala osachepera masiku awiri mpaka atatu, ndipo madzi ali kutentha kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi madzi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mphepo yamkuntho. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse mumere nthaka, komanso kumasula nthaka. Ngati zomera sizibala zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti muzitsuka mphukira.
Choncho, kulima nkhaka mu Mitsinje sikuli ntchito yowopsya, chifukwa, monga mukuonera, pali mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi yomwe saopa chikhalidwe cha chigawo chino.
