Watsopano watsopano kuchokera ku Ulaya - Granada mbatata: zosiyana mitundu, makhalidwe ndi zithunzi

Ngati mwayesa mitundu yambiri ya mbatata, koma simunapeze iyo, ndiye mutha kuyang'ana mitundu yatsopano ya masamba. Mmodzi wa awa ndi mlendo wathu lero - mbatata ya Granada.

Iyi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ya ku Europe yomwe siinalembedwe ku Russia. Komabe, ili ndi makhalidwe ambiri abwino, chifukwa cha zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe bwino tsopano.

Mbatata Granada: mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Granada ndi ya mapiri a mbatata, nyengo yake ikukula patatha masiku 90 - 110 mutatha mphukira. Inachotsedwa mu 2015 ku Germany. Tikuyembekezera kuti m'madera a Russian Federation Granada adzalembetsedwa mu 2017. Zokolola zake zodabwitsa nthawi yomweyo zimagwira diso, ndi pafupifupi matani 60 a mbatata pa hekita la mbewu.

Zokolola za mitundu ina ya mbatata zimaperekedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi:

Kupindula kwina kudzakhala kusunga khalidwe, lomwe limasungidwa pa 97%, lomwe limakulowetsani kuti muzisungiramo zosungirako nthawi yaitali.

Mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi mudzapeza ziwerengero zosunga poyerekeza ndi mbatata ya Granada ndi mitundu ina:

Werengani zambiri za nthawi, malo ndi kutentha kwa mbatata, za mavuto omwe amadza.

Timalimbikitsanso nkhani zothandiza komanso zowonjezera zokhudza kusunga mbewu zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira, m'malo osungiramo zamasamba, komanso m'nyumba ndi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, pakhomo ndi mabokosi, mufiriji komanso mu firiji.

Tubers ndi osakanikirana kukula ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oval oblong. Kulemera kwa mtengo umodzi wamalonda ndi 80-100 g, ndipo chiwerengero chawo pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi chimafanizira kuyambira 10 mpaka 14. Amene amalima mbatata zogulitsa adzasangalala ndi kuti ziphuphu za mitunduyi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri.

Khungu ndi loonda, losalala ndipo lili ndi mtundu wokongola wa kirimu. Zake zamkati zimakhalanso kuwala kapena zowala, zili ndi 10 - 17% wowuma. Sili mdima pamene chithandizo cha kutentha kapena kudula. Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa komanso ofanana pamtunda wonse wa mwanayo. Kuwomboledwa kumaphatikizidwanso ku kukoma ndi phindu la mizu mbewu. Werengani zonse za mbatata: choopsa cha solanine, ngati n'zotheka kudya mbatata yaiwisi, chifukwa chiyani amamwa madzi a mbatata ndikudyera.

Zitsamba pamtunda wosiyana sizingadzitamande ndipo zimakhala za mtundu wapakati. Amakhala otsika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakula kukhala makulidwe apakatikati. Masamba a Granada ali aang'ono komanso amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Pakati pa maluwa, nsonga za tchire zili ndi maluwa ndi white corollas.

Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za kulima

Alimi ambiri ndi akatswiri akumadzulo amawonetsa kukoma kwabwino kwa maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikuyesa iwo pa 4.8 mfundo zisanu mwa zisanu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kokhala ndi starch mu mbatata, sikuphika zofewa ndipo sizimdima. Tubers wa chomera ichi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera pafupifupi mbale iliyonse yokonza.

Pankhani za kubzala ndi kusamalira, kawirikawiri, tikhoza kunena kuti mbatata za Granada sizinthu zovuta kwambiri. Mbewu ya mbatata mitundu ya Granada, mukhoza kuyamba kusankha mu kugwa, ndi bwino kwambiri ndendende lalikulu tubers ndi yabwino baka.

Izi zidzakupatsani mbeu yochuluka kwambiri.. Mitundu ya tubers imayikidwa mumabokosi a matabwa ndi yokutidwa ndi peat wothira nthaka (tubers ayenera kumira pafupifupi magawo atatu pa atatu a bokosi).

Mbewuzo zimadzazidwa ndi filimu ndipo zimachoka pamalo okwera ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 12 - 14 ° C. Zikumera zimayamba kuonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri kapena atatu. Kuchokera ku nyemba yotchedwa tuber sayenera kutengera zowonjezera ziwiri. Mwayi ndikuti onse omwe akutsatira adzakhala ofooka ndipo adzapereka zokolola zochepa.

Tikufika kumapeto kwa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa May.. Panthawi imeneyo, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotentha mpaka ~ 8 ° C, ndipo chisanu chidzasiyidwa mmbuyo.

Pakati pa mizere ya mbatata iyenera kupanga masentimita 70, idzakupatsani mbeu yanu ndi mpweya, kuwala ndi kukuthandizani kuti mupite. Mu mizere pakati pa chodzala ayenera kusungidwa patali wa 25 - 30 cm. Kugulira pakati pa mizere kudzakuthandizani kulamulira namsongole ndikusunga ma microclimate.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Malingana ndi mtundu wa nthaka kubzala zakuthupi anaikidwa m'madzi osiyana. Ngati mabedi anu akuzunguliridwa ndi nthaka ya dongo, ndiye kuti kukula kwa kukumba sikuyenera kupitirira 5 masentimita. Ngati mubzala mbande mu nthaka yosalala, idzaikidwa m'manda mozama pafupifupi 10 - 12 cm.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono sizowonongeka ndipo kusamalidwa kwa mbeuyo kudzakufunika kuti uchite njira zingapo zofunika:

• Musaiwale za hilling, izo zimapangitsa mapangidwe a pansi panthaka mphukira, komanso amateteza mwana mphukira kuchokera komabe osati otentha kasupe nyengo.

  Werengani zambiri zokhudza ngati hilling ndi yofunika, ndi njira yanji yomwe ikuyenera kutulutsa, zosiyana ndi zolemba komanso mothandizidwa ndi magalimoto. Ndiponso, kodi n'zotheka kukula mbewu yabwino popanda kupalira ndi kukwera.

• Granada imalekerera chilala bwino, choncho safuna madzi okwanira ambiri. Ngati mumakhala m'madera omwe mumagwa mvula nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti maluwa anu asasowe madzi okwanira. Kumadera akum'mwera, kuthirira kumachitika masiku khumi ndi awiri.
• Monga kuvala pamwamba ndikobwino kugwiritsa ntchito zitosi za mbalame ndi chisakanizo cha urea, sulfate ndi superphosphate. Manyowa oyambirira amalowa mu nthaka mwezi mutabzala.

  Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino mutabzala.

Chithunzi

Onani pansipa: chithunzi cha mbatata cha Granada chithunzi

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Chomera chonsecho chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri cha mthupi, chomwe chimateteza ku: khansa ya mbatata, nkhanambo ndi golide nematode, phytophthora, komanso imalepheretsa masamba kusinthasintha ndi kuvunda kwa tubers.

Komabe, Granada ili ndi chitetezo chofooka ku fusarium, yomwe ili ndi katundu wosasangalatsa wa kufalikira mofulumira. Pogonjetsedwa ndi matendawa, masamba amayamba kupeza kuwala kosaoneka bwino, ndipo zimakhala zofiira. Patatha masiku angapo, zomera zonse zimayamba kumira. Kulimbana ndi mliriwu kungathandize:

• Kutsata malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu;
• Kuwonongeka kwabwino kwa zomera zonse zowonongeka;
• Pre-mankhwala a mbewu tubers ndi njira zamchere zotsanzira zinthu boron, manganese ndi mkuwa;
• Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala "Maxim" ndi "Baktofit" zatsimikizira bwino.

Onaninso za matenda ofala a Solanaceae, monga alternarioz, choipitsa mochedwa, nkhanambo, verticillis.

Koma tizirombo, makamaka wamaluwa amayenera kulimbana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndi mphutsi zake, madandaulo ndi wireworms, njenjete za mbatata ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Takonzekera nkhani zingapo kuti muthane nazo.:

1. Mmene mungachotsere wireworm m'munda.
2. Zimene mungagwiritse ntchito polimbana ndi Medvedka: Kukonzekera kwa anthu ndi zamadzimadzi.
3. Timadula mchere wa mbatata: njira 1 ndi njira 2.
4. Kulimbana ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka - wowerengeka mankhwala ndi mankhwala:
   • Aktara.
   • Regent
   • Corado.
   • Kutchuka.

Zikuwonekera tsopano kuti Granada ndi mbatata yopambana, ndipo mosakayikira adzakhala mpikisano woyenera kwa mitundu yonse yomwe imatchuka ndi ife. Chiwerengero cha ubwino wake chimaposa chiwerengero cha zovuta, kotero kuti wamaluwa ambiri akuyembekezera kale kulembedwa kwalamulo m'dziko lathu, makamaka kuyambira m'mayiko ena akhala akudziwika kwambiri.

Tikukufotokozerani zinthu zochititsa chidwi komanso zophunzitsira zokhudza njira zosiyanasiyana zozomera mbatata: Chitukuko cha Dutch ndi kulima mitundu yoyambirira, njira pansi pa udzu, mu mbiya, m'matumba, mabokosi.

Timaperekanso kudzidziwitsira ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata yomwe ili ndi mawu osiyana: