Ipomoea ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wabanja la Convolvulus. Ndiofala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zam'malo ambiri padziko lapansi. Mipesa yosinthika, zitsamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono, yokutidwa ndi masamba owoneka ndi mtima ndi maluwa akulu owala, ndizokongoletsa kwambiri, kotero nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mundawo, bwalo ndi khonde. Mu chikhalidwe, mitundu yopindika imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ulemelero wam'mawa mwachangu komanso wosadzikuza ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Mipesa yomwe ikula mwachangu imapanga mthunzi womwe wayembekezerera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo maluwa onunkhira amathandizira kupumula komanso kusangalala.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Ipomoea ndi mtengo wamphesa wamtchire, udzu, masamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono yopanda zipatso. Dzinalo limatanthauzira kuti "nyongolotsi." Izi zikutanthauza kapangidwe kake ka nthitiyo. Mphukira zowoneka bwino zimafalikira mbali zonse kutali ndi kukula. Nthawi zambiri mafupa okhala ndi michere yambiri amapangika pa rhizome. Zitha kudyedwa.
Mphukira zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Ma leaf amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtima kapena wozungulira wokhala ndi mitsempha yama radiation pamwamba. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndi olimba, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala kutalika komanso kuloza.
Maluwa oyamba amawoneka pakati pa Julayi. Zimasinthana wina ndi mzake, zimakondweretsa chisanu. Mwachilengedwe, kuwala kwa m'mawa kumatulutsa chaka chonse. Pa mphukira zazing'ono zosinthika, mu nkhwangwa za masamba ndi malekezero a mphukira, maluwa otambalala amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka ngati maluwa. Phata la corolla yachilengedwe limafika masentimita 12. Mphukira zimatsegulidwa m'mawa, nyengo yabwino. Usiku ndi mitambo nthawi. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala ndi zoyera, zofiirira, zapinki kapena zamtambo zamtambo, zimakhala zokhala monophonic, ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zithunzi zoyipa zokhala ndi ma anthers akuluakulu komanso mzere wa thumba losunga mazira kuchokera pakati pa chubu chapakati.
Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo komanso mphepo. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zazikulu zakuda zimakhazikika m'mabokosi ambewu otsekeka. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso mawonekedwe oyipa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mtundu Ipomoea amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri m'banja. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 1000 ya mbewu. Oposa theka la iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yayikulu (mitundu) yam'mawa, pali mitundu yoswana. Pafupifupi zokongoletsera zonse m'munda ndizomera zosatha, koma sizigwiritsa ntchito kuzizirira pang'ono, ndiye kuti zimakulidwa m'minda monga chaka.
Ipomoea Neil. Yabwanyidwa kutalika konse kwa mpesa ndi udzu wofewa udzu umakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Imaphimbidwa ndi masamba akulu owoneka bwino omwe amakula moyang'anana ndi petioles yayitali. Masamba opaka utoto wobiriwira wakuda. Pakati pawo, maluwa owoneka ngati maonekedwe ofiira, ofiira, amtambo komanso amtambo wabuluu. Dawo lam'mphepete lotseguka limafika masentimita 10. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Serenade - ulemerero wam'mawa wam'mawa wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira oderawo okhala ndi mainchesi 8;
- Picoti - limamasula maluwa amtundu wobiriwira komanso ofiira theka-awiri okhala ndi malire oyera.
Ulemerero Wam'mawa Ipomoea. Mphukira zaudzu zosinthika zimakula kutalika kwa 3-6 mamita. Amakutidwa ndi masamba okhala ndi mtima ndipo amatulutsa maluwa akulu oyera oyera ngati chipale chofikira mpaka masentimita 10. Mphukira zimatsegulidwa usiku kapena mitambo. Amapatsa fungo lamphamvu.
Ipomoea Kvamoklit. Zosiyanasiyana pachaka zimakhala ndi masamba achilendo. Masamba otseguka amapanga mphukira wofiyira wamawonekedwe ochulukirapo, ofanana ndi zingwe. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a thunthu amatuluka pakati pa masamba ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka masentimita 2. Akayamba kutulutsa maluwa, aliyense amakhala ofiira.
Ipomoea tricolor. Chifukwa cha machitidwe amtsogolo, mpesa waukulu wamphuthu umafanana ndi chitsamba chophukira mpaka mainchesi 5. Maluwa amayamba zaka zochepa. Pa chomera chachikulu, maluwa akuluakulu (mpaka 10 cm) amaphuka pakati pa masamba owala obiriwira. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu a masamba a 3-4. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Mtambo wabuluu - uli ndi mtundu wowala bwino wamtambo wokhala ndi mitsempha yocheperako ya violet pafupi ndi pakati;
- Msuzi wouluka - maluwa okhala ndi masentimita ofika mpaka 15 masentimita ali okutidwa ndi milozo yoyera ya buluu ndi yoyera.
Ipomoea Batat. Chomera chokhala ndi udzu wosinthika msipu chimakula mpaka mamita 5. Mizu yayikulu yobzala imaphuka pamera pake. Thupi lawo lopatsa thanzi ndi lofiirira. Unyinji wa tuber umasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo umakhala 0,3-3 kg. Kudutsa mitengo yonse yazipatso, masamba owoneka ngati mtima kapena kanjedza amakula. Mu sinuses pali maluwa akuluakulu a pinki, oyera kapena a lilac.
Zosiyanasiyana zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri Wokoma Georgia. Ulemelero wam'mawa wambiriwu umakula masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso okumbika mtima. Kutalika kwa masamba kumafikira masentimita 15. Maluwa opaka utoto wofiirira wofiirira amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Ipomoea Mina Lobata. Zosinthika pachaka ndi mphukira kutalika kwa 1-3 m. Zimayambira ndi zokutira ndi masamba okongola owoneka bwino. Masamba okhala ndi masamba atatu amakula pa petioles lalitali. M'machimo awo pakati pa chilimwe, maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wachilendo amawonekera. Mphukira yokhala ndi chubu chopapatiza sichitseguka ndipo kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati nthochi zazing'ono. Ma petals amasintha mtundu kuchokera ku wofiira mpaka lalanje ndi wachikasu.
Kufalikira kwa ulemerero wam'mawa
Njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kwambiri yofalitsira ulemerero m'mawa ndi mbewu. Popeza nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, mbewuzo zimadzalidwa mbande. Mukawafesa mu Marichi, ndiye kuti maluwa adzayamba pakati pa chilimwe. Masiku awiri asanafesere, amathira m'madzi ofunda (25-30 ° C), madzi oyera. Chipolopolocho chikapanda kuwonongeka, chimawonongeka ndi fayilo kapena singano (kufupikitsa).
Podzala, gwiritsani ntchito dothi losakanizirana ndi dothi labwino komanso dothi la peat. Nthaka imathiridwa m'matope osaya kapena makapu a peat. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa ndi masentimita 1-1.5. Nthaka imathiriridwa ndikugulilidwa ndi zotengera. Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amathandizira kupopera ndi kupopera pansi. Kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C, mbande zimatuluka pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Mbande 15 cm kutalika zimayamba kumangiriza, kotero kuti mpesa umalimba. Kuti mupeze chitsamba chobiriwira pakali pano, tsinani pamwamba.
Ulemerero wam'mawa osatha ungafalitsidwe ndi odulidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, mphukira imadulidwa mchaka cha 15-20 cm. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mfundo zitatu. Kudula kotsika kumachitika kutali ndi 1.5 cm kuchokera pamalowo, pamlingo wa 45 °. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa. Mizu imachitika m'madzi pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ndikubwera kwa mizu yoyamba, mbewu zimasinthidwa kukhala dothi lamchenga. Pakatha sabata, amasinthana mokwanira ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Mitundu yaminda yam'mawa yam'mawa imakula mwachangu komanso mopanda chidwi. Zitha kubzalidwa pachitunda kapena kubzala pa khonde lomwe muli. Mbande zimasunthidwa ku maluwa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June. Nthaka iyenera kutenthetsa bwino ndikuwumitsa chisanu kwathunthu.
Pazomera, muyenera kusankha dzuwa, malo otseguka popanda kukonzekera mwamphamvu. Mphepo zamphepo zimatha kuthyola mpesa pachithandizo chake. Mbande zimagawidwa m'maenje osaya ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Kuti muwononge mizu, ndikofunikira kusunga mbewa yayitali kapena kubzala mbewu limodzi ndi miphika za peat.
Mukangobzala, thandizo limakhazikitsidwa ngati trellis, ndodo kapena mzere wasodzi. Kupanga nthambi ya liana kukhala yabwinoko, kutsina pamwamba pa mphukira yayikulu. Dothi lodzala m'mawa ulemu liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi lachonde. Nthaka yoyenera yokhala ndi ndale kapena pang'ono acidic. Ngati ndi kotheka, peat, mchenga ndi masamba a humus amabweretsedwa pansi.
Ipomoea amakonda chinyezi. Amafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kambiri. Pakakhala kuti palibe mpweya wachilengedwe, umathiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Pamwamba panthaka pamafunika kukhala ponyowa pang'ono, koma madzi osasunthika ndi osavomerezeka. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, kulola dothi lapamwamba kuti liume.
Kawiri pamwezi, mbewu zimadyetsedwa mochulukirapo mchere wopanga maluwa. Ndikwabwino kuti musankhe mankhwala okhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'ana mbewuzo, kudula nthambi zowuma ndi zosweka, komanso ma inflorescence osweka.
Mukugwa, ulemu m'mawa kumayambika kuyanika. Sadzatha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu yozizira, chifukwa chake masamba adula ndikuwonongeka, ndipo malowo amakumbidwa. Pamakhonde ofunda, ulemerero wam'mawa umatha kupitirira. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha pafupifupi + 15 ... + 18 ° C ndi kuyatsa kwabwino.
Ipomoea amadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Pangokhala kusefukira kwanthaka kwanthawi yayitali, chinyezi komanso kutentha kochepa kumapangitsa bowa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mbewuyi ndi akangaude ndi ma nsabwe. Amakhala pamasamba ndikumwa zitsamba zonse. Pakakhala matumba ang'onoang'ono komanso ma capubs m'mphepete mwa tsamba, ndikofunikira kupenda chomera chonse ndikupanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Actellik, Aktara, Fitoverm).
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Ulemerero wam'mawa umakhala chokongoletsera chabwino kwambiri pamtunda. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kumasuka malo ovuta, kukongoletsa chimbudzi ndikuyika chophimba kuchokera kumaso odula. Mitundu ina imakulidwa ngati mbewu zokulirapo, ndikuyiyika pakhonde, pansanja kapena potetera.
Ipomoea ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi mphesa zakutchire, ivy, hops kapena mbewu zina zomwe zimakwera. Liana amatha kuthyola mosatetemera mitengo, makhoma ndi makhoma. Amachita zinthu mopanda kupsa mtima ndipo sangasiye zowonongeka pamtunda.
