Mukakhazikitsa dziwe lakunja, chinthu choyamba muyenera kuthana ndi vuto laukhondo komanso chitetezo chamadzi. Malo am'madzi ndi malo okhala masauzande masauzande ambiri, omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsa kwapadera. Dziwe lanyumba mkati mwa ntchito yomanga limapereka zida zamphamvu zothandizira kuzungulira ndi kuyeretsa kwamadzi kuzungulira wotchi, ndipo zosefera ziwafa zing'onozing'ono zakunja, koma zosavuta kuyikonza ndikuzisamalira, zimaperekedwa nyumba zakunja.
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njira yosefera ndiyofunikira?
Madzi achilengedwe samakhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera kusambira athanzi, kotero pali njira zambiri zoyeretsera, kuphatikiza kupha tizilombo, kuyeretsa makina, ozoni ndi kusefa - njira yodziwika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mtawuniyi.
Simungasangalale tchuthi chosangalatsa mokwanira ngati madziwo ali odetsedwa komanso owopsa thanzi, chifukwa chake, pamodzi ndi kugula chimango kapena kutentha, komanso pakumanga thanki yokhazikika pabwalo la nyumba yadziko, samalani ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyeserera
Madzi amayenera kutsukidwa mosasamala kanthu komwe amapereka madzi. Simuyenera kuganiza kuti madzi apampopi amadzaza ndi mandimu ndi chitsulo, ndipo madzi ochokera pachitsime kapena kuchokera kunyanja alibe cholakwika ndi machitidwe ake. M'madzi "amoyo", mwayi wofalitsa mabakiteriya achilengedwe ukuwonjezeka, chifukwa chithandizo cha mankhwala sichipezeka konse. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi amadzimadzi amatsika kwambiri chifukwa chodumphira dothi lalikulu komanso fumbi pamadziwe padziwe lotseguka.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe ake, madzi osamba ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mnzake wakumwa, popeza pakukhazikitsa njira zamadzi zimalowa m'maso, makutu, pakamwa, mphuno ndipo zimalumikizana ndi khungu nthawi zonse. Ubwino wamadzimadzi ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ngakhale popanda zida zapadera: ndizowonekera (mutha kuwona zithunzi kapena ming'alu pansi pa dziwe), ilibe fungo lomwe limayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma microorganisms, ndipo limakhala ndi brown kapena green green.
Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa pH kapena kupezeka kwa chlorine yogwira pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, mizera kapena chipangizo chodula kwambiri komanso cholondola - umboni wamakono
Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa malo ena "ndi maso" - izi zikutanthauza zamchere pazomwe zimapangidwa kapena kuchuluka kwa acidity. Kuti mukwaniritse kukhala oyera kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito njira monga:
- kuyeretsa kwamigodi yambiri;
- kusazindikira
- kuchirikiza;
- chowongolera mpweya;
- kufewetsa zikuchokera.
Zosefera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana yoyeretsa, kuyambira ndi mawotchi osunga masamba kuchokera pansi pamadzi ndi zida zapadera, zimatha ndi distillation ndi kusalozeka kwa acidity kumapeto.
Mitundu ya zosefera zimbudzi zakunja
Ngakhale osiyana mafayilo ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, zosefera zonse zimakhala ndi cholinga chimodzi - kuyeretsa madzi kuzinthu zovulaza, kusunga uve wowononga kwambiri komanso tinthu tosafunikira. Monga chosanjikiza, zida zogwiritsira ntchito zamagudumu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mchenga, anthracite, zidutswa za miyala yosweka kapena diatomite.
Onani # 1 - zida zamchenga
Chifukwa chopezeka pa fyuluta ya mchenga, aliyense angagule, mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa mitundu yapano ndi ma ruble 4800. Zachidziwikire, zida zotere zimapangidwira madzi ochepa osasankhidwa ndipo ndioyenera kuyeretsa zopanda pake ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Ma kophatikiza amphamvu okhala ndi ndalama zokwana 1 miliyoni ruble amaperekedwa kumatanki akuluakulu, koma mitundu yazodula yopangira safunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.
Zosefera zamchenga zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana bwino, nyumba zawo ndizotetezedwa molimbika ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Zipangizo zoterezi zimayikidwa pafupi ndi dziwe, sizifunikira nsanja zowonjezera kapena zotchingira zotchingira
Mukamasankha fyuluta ya mchenga, tcherani chidwi ndi chosunga. Itha kukhala mchenga, mchenga wokhala ndi miyala yamiyala, komanso inclusions ya anthracite kapena kaboni. Zosiyana kwambiri ndi filimuyo, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuyeretsa. Mchenga wa Quartz umayenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu zaka zitatu zilizonse, koma pali zosankha zina zomwe sizingachitike, mwachitsanzo, mchenga wagalasi umatsanulidwa zaka zisanu zilizonse kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.
M'mapangidwe osavuta kwambiri, mchenga umodzi wokha (0.5-0.8 mm) umathiridwa, muzinthu zowumitsa zowonjezera - magawo 3-5 a zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, madzi amadutsa m'makristalo akulu, kumaliza ntchito yoyeretsa mu pilo. Mumitundu yokwera mtengo, makina owonjezera amatha kukhala nawo.
Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, granular anthracite, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 90% kaboni, imasiyanitsidwa ndi granules zazikulu komanso zokwanira. Mosiyana ndi mchenga, samapanga phala lowonda, chifukwa chake pakuchita kusefa kumakhala kuchepa pang'ono, koma kuthamanga kumayambira.
Malingaliro a kayendedwe ka chinsalu cha mchenga chimatha kuyang'aniridwa molingana ndi chiwembuchi: madzi amalowa mu chipangizocho, amadutsa pazinthu zochepa ndi masamba ndikuyeretsedwa kale
Zoyenera kuchita ngati fyuluta ndi yotsekedwa? Izi zichitika mu masabata 1-2 akugwiritsa ntchito dziwe mwachangu. Chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yoyeretsa, chomwe chimafunikira madzi owonjezera kuti agwire. Eni ake azitsime zawo sayenera kuda nkhawa, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito madzi amtundu wapakati amakhala ndi ndalama zowonjezera zowonongera ndalama.
Mchenga ndi zosefera zina zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera, thumba la 25 pound la zinthu za quartz limatengera ma ruble 400, galasi - pafupifupi 2 times. Zosefera zoterezi zimatha kumangidwe palokha! Momwe mungachite izi, onerani kanema:
Onani # 2 - kachitidwe ka diatomaceous
Opanga mbewu za diatomaceous filtration amati kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wabwino (diatomaceous lapansi) kumathandizira kuti pakhale madzi ambiri. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa zaukadaulo wamtunduwu ndi kumvetsetsa ngati kuli koyenera kugula zida zodula kwambiri padziwe ladziko.
Diatomite, yomwe ili ndi dzina lina lodziwika bwino - kieselguhr, ndiye thanthwe. Pakatikati pake, awa ndi ma diatoms ophatikizidwa, 95% silika
Gawo labwino la zinthu zoyeretsera limasungabe zodetsa zazing'ono mpaka 1 micron kukula kwake, komwe ndi mwayi wosagwirizana ndi mchenga, ngakhale malingaliro ena onse ogwiritsira ntchito zida za diatomite si osiyana. Zosanjikiza zimakhala zodziyeretsa pazinthu zachitsulo zokutira ndi polypropylene. Madzi akudutsa "pilo" ya diatom, amatsukidwa ndikuchotsedwanso kulowa mu dziwe, kupangidwa bwino ndi silicon.
Chimodzi mwazosankha zosewerera diatomite pa dziwe lakunja ndi mtundu wa Hayward Pro Grid: kuthamanga kwa ntchito mpaka 3.5 bar, fyuluta m'mimba mwake 660 mm, zokolola 11 m³ / h, mtengo - rubles 60,000
Amalankhula ndikulemba zambiri zokhuza phindu la madzi a silicon. Akatswiri amati ili ndi zida zonse zofunikira:
- neutralates mankhwala ena a chloride;
- amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- imapanga zitsulo zolemera;
- zimasokoneza kubala kwa algae;
- imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi la munthu.
Chifukwa chakuyeretsa kwathunthu komanso "matsenga" a madzi a silicon, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera mankhwala opha tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukitsa kachipangizo ka diatomite, kuwonjezera pa madzi oyeretsedwa bwino, mumalandira bonasi yowonjezeranso ngati njira yochiritsira.
Onani # 3 - kachitidwe kakatakata katoni
Ngati mulibe mwayi wounikira zosefera ndipo madzi amadziwe ali osadetsedwa ndipo safuna kuti pakhale utayipa wokwanira, gulani filimu yotsika mtengo ya cartridge. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kwamtundu wa bulb kokhala ndi chipangizo chosavuta kwambiri chamkati. Pansi pa chivundikiracho ndi chipinda cha cartridge chosinthika komanso chikwama cha pulasitiki cha zinyalala. Madzi amayenda kudzera mu zosefera zama cartridge, ndipo zosafunikira zazikulu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala pansi, timatola chikwama.
Mukamagula zosefera zama cartridge, samalani ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka ndi makulidwe a zosefera, mphamvu kapena kuthamanga kwa kusefera, mtundu wa wonyamula (thumba la zinyalala)
Pali mitundu ingapo yama cartridge, osiyana maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, zopanga za kaboni zimachotsa bwino fungo losasangalatsa, ndipo ma ion omwe amapezeka posinthanitsa ndi ion amapha mabakiteriya. Koma m'malo amadziwe ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wina wapadera wokhala ndi mchere wa polyphosphate.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zakufa kwa katiriji katakata ndi kosavuta kukonza. Kusinthanitsanso kumatenga nthawi yochepa, ndipo pamene thukuta lolimba limatsukidwa mwachangu kwambiri
Posakhalitsa, bokosi lamatumba lidzasinthika, ndipo chikwama chija chidzang'ambika ndi zinyalala. Kuyeretsa ndikosavuta: tsuka mbale zama cartridge pansi pamadzi ndikuyeretsa thumba la dothi ndikubwezeretsa m'malo mwake. Pambuyo pa njira zingapo zoyeretsera, zina ziyenera kulowedwa m'malo. Itha kugulidwa m'sitolo yapadera pamtengo wa ruble 125. Opanga amalimbikitsa kusintha ma cartridge momwe angathere, kutanthauza kuti kusintha m'malo mwake kumatha kutha sabata kapena mwezi. Pazifukwa zaukhondo, ndibwino kuti musachedwe kugula chinthu chatsopano.
Momwe mungasankhire pampu yoyakira?
Zosefera zamtundu uliwonse zimatha kukhala gawo lofunikira pa mapampu amtunduwu - zida zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi ndikuyeretsa madzi mu dziwe. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi injini yamphamvu yokhala ndi kutchingira madzi, komwe kumatsimikizira kayendedwe ka madzi. Zosefera za kuyeretsa koyambirira kapena kwakuya zimaphatikizidwa, ndipo zina zimagulitsidwa mosiyana. Ndikofunika kuganizira mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe othamanga kuti musalakwitse, musakonzekere pampu yopanda mphamvu yokhala ndi fayilo yolondola kwambiri kapena mosinthanitsa.
Nthawi zina, pampu yokuta siyitsitsidwa pansi, koma imayikidwa pamwamba pa madzi. Kutalika kokweza - 2 mita
Mapampu ambiri omwe amadzidulira okha amakhala ndi zosefera zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ayeretse madzi owonongeka pang'ono, chithandizo chokwanira chimafuna kugulidwa kwa zida zowonjezera kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo. Zipangizozi zimayikidwa mumtsuko wapadera ndikuziika pansi pafupi ndi dziwe theka kapena mwanjira yoti zisafike panjira.
Mapaipi amtunduwu ali ndi fayilo yoyambirira - mtanga wa pulasitiki wokhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakoka zinyalala zazikulu: masamba, nthambi, udzu
Pogula, samalani ndi zoletsa. Mitundu yambiri imachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi izi:
- tº ya mpweya - mpaka 60ºC;
- tº yamadzi - mpaka 40ºC;
- kupanikizika - mpaka 2.5 (3.5) bala.
Mitundu yokonda ndi ntchito yopitilira.
Kampani yodziwika bwino ya Intex imatulutsa zida zokonzedwa zopangidwa ndi madzi - zotentha kapena ma pompo otentha + omwe amakhala ndi madzi amchere, omwe amathandizira chitetezo posambira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chlorine
Kutumphukira kwachizolowezi ndi mapampu amasentimita ambiri osakanikirana ndi kuyeretsa, ndiye kuti fyuluta iyenera kugulidwa mophatikiza, ndipo ndibwino ngati pali awiri a iwo. Yoyamba imagwira ntchito yozizira ndi kuteteza zida, imayang'anira zidutswa zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazitali. Chachiwiri chimatsuka bwino bwino madzi kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zayimitsidwa ndi tinthu tina tabwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusambira kumakhala kotetezeka.
Kodi chosambira ndi chiani ndipo mumachifuna?
Chida chosavuta koma chothandiza - skimmer - chitha kuyeretsa zakumwa zikuluzikulu za 8% zamadzi, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zida zosefa. Maonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chachitsulo chopopera m'munsi, gawo lakumwambalo limakhala ndi bowo loti lizitha kudya madzi.
Mitundu yina ya skimmer ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba:
- sonkhanitsani zinyalala kuchokera kumadzi;
- Ndi mtundu wa "ma beacon" wodziwitsa kuya ndi mulingo wamadzi;
- ntchito ngati zida zotsukira mankhwala.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma skimmers: okwera komanso omangidwa. Mitundu yonseyi ndioyenera maiwe a mtundu wotseguka, komabe kusankha kwawo kumadalira kapangidwe ka dziwe. Kuti mupeze thanki yamagetsi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yomangidwira yokhala ndi madzi omwe amapezeka m'mbali mwake, ndipo chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika mtengo komanso yazomangamanga yomwe ili ndi mapepala apadera ndi abwino. Pali zosiyanapo pamene dziwe la monolithic lakhazikitsidwa kale popanda njira yoyeretsera - kusefedwa koyipa kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zomata.
Dongosolo loyeretsa madzi osasinthika mu dziwe silimasokoneza masewera osamba ndi madzi: mabowo am'madzi am'mphepete amapezeka, ndipo zotulutsira madzi zimachitika pansi, pansi pa madzi.
Chida chosavuta kwambiri padziwe ndi msampha wowoneka bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zinyalala zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zoyandama pamadzi: udzu wowuma ndi nthambi, masamba, tsitsi
Kukhazikitsa kwa ma skimmers okwera pama dziwe komanso mitengo yamafiyumu ndikosavuta: chosunthika chosinthika chimayikidwa mwachindunji pambali, ndipo fyuluta imatsitsidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi, kuyiyika pamwamba pa madzi kapena kutsikira pang'ono. Mukakhazikitsa mtundu wamtundu wina uliwonse wa chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuwongolera komwe kukuchitika mphepo, kuti pasapezeke malo osunthira, ndipo ma skimmers amadzaza gawo lonse la zinyalala.
Chifukwa chake, posankha kachitidwe kosefera, yang'anani mtundu wa dziwe, kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Pazopangidwe zowoneka bwino, mchenga wotsika mtengo kapena katiriji katemera wokhala ndi pampu yokwanira; chifukwa dziwe lalikulu lakunja kwa bwalo la nyumbayo, zida kuphatikizapo zosefera zingapo, pampu yamphamvu, dongosolo lotenthetsera ndi gawo loyang'anira likufunika.
