Mitundu yamakono ya begonias imakondweretsa eni ake osati maluwa aatali komanso okongola, komanso ndi kukongola kwa masamba awo owometsera. Nkhaniyi idzayang'ana momwe tingachitire ngati masamba a begonia ayamba kuuma ndi kutaya mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera, chomwe chimachititsa kuti chodabwitsachi chikhoza kuchititsa, momwe mungachitire nacho, komanso njira zothandizira.
Malamulo oyambirira a kukula kwa begonia ndi kusamalira
Kusamalira begonias kuli kovuta, ndipo amasangalala kumalo okongola. Mukamazisunga, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatira:
- Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa. - maluwa amkati amkati amakonda kuwala. Zokwanira bwino zenera mawindo kummawa kapena kumadzulo.
- Sungani bwino chinyezi - Begonias sakonda mpweya wouma. Panthawi imodzimodziyo sizingakonzedwe kupopera mankhwala, ngati madontho omwe akupezeka pamapepala amatha kuchoka mawanga.
- Madzi ngati akuuma. mmwamba wosanjikiza 1-1.5 masentimita, kuti mupewe kuyanika mwamphamvu kwa nthaka mu mphika kapena chinyezi chake chokwanira.
- Sungani nyengo yotentha mkati + 15 ... + 23 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala kochepa - + 15 ... + 18 ° С.
- Gwiritsani ntchito monga gawo lapansi lotayirira zosakaniza za nthaka ndipo onetsetsani kuti muchite makina osanjikiza.
- Zomwe zimachitika pazinthu zowonongeka zimayenera kuchitidwa. Tuberous begonias m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kupanga nthawi yopumula.
- Pa nyengo yolima yogwira mbewu imayenera kudyetsedwa bwino. Pofuna kubzala mumayenera kumasula zowonjezera zosakaniza zochokera ku peat ndi nthaka yobiriwira.
Chifukwa chiyani begonia ali ndi masamba owuma pamphepete ndi momwe angapulumutsire chomera?
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika kwa kukongola kwa masamba a begonia zikhoza kukhala zosiyana. Kawirikawiri amagona mu zolakwa za kumusamalira, kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda.
Mukudziwa? Begonia imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa staphylococcus mlengalenga 80%. Ndibwino kuyamba pomwe anthu amakhala ndi matenda opuma.
Kusintha kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe
Begonias sakonda kusintha kwakukulu pazomwe zikukula. Ngati m'chilimwe mumasankha kukongoletsa khonde lanu kapena dothi lachilimwe ndi duwa ili ndikupita nalo kumunda, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa kutentha sikuyenera kugunda. Tiyeneranso kupeŵa mthunzi wakuda kapena dzuwa. 
Pezani malo okhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri pa chomera kapena kuwalenga. Ngati palibe chosowa, ndi bwino kuti musasinthe maluwa. Mukamayenda m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya umachoka pa mavenda sagwera pa begonia.
Mpweya wouma
Ndi kuuma kolimba kwa malo akunja, omwe kawirikawiri amachitikira kutentha kwa chilimwe kapena pamene kutenthedwa kutsegulidwa, masamba amauma ndi kutaya kukongoletsa kwawo. Panthawi imeneyi, nkofunika kukhala tcheru ndikuletsa mpweya ndi nthaka kuti zisaume.
Ndikofunikira! The yabwino acidity kwa begonias ndi 5.5-6.5 pH. Chifukwa chosowa kwambiri, chomera chimayamba kuyamwa chakudya kuchokera ku nthaka.
Kuti mutenge mpweya wabwino, mungathe kuyika chophika chomera mu mbale ndi zowonongeka zowongoka, kuika chidebe ndi madzi kapena kasupe pafupi nawo. The mulingo woyenera chinyezi kwa begonias ayenera kukhala 75% ndipo osati kugwa pansipa 60%.
Kusasoweka kwazomwe zimachitika
Ngati palibe zizindikiro za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, zikhalidwe zonse za chisamaliro ndi kulima zimakwaniritsidwa, ndipo masambawo akupitirizabe kuuma, ndiye chifukwa cha ichi ndi kusowa kwa zakudya. Mwinamwake chomeracho chinabzalidwa kudziko losauka kapena sichinadyedwe.
Pamene begonia ikukula kapena ikupita pachimake, ndiye milungu iwiri iliyonse muyenera kuyidyetsa:
- Kukongoletsa maluwa mitundu - ndi feteleza abwino kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, mwachitsanzo, monga "Bud", "Pollen".
- Mitundu yowonongeka - ali ndi nayitrogeni ndi feteleza "Kemira" kapena "Agricola".
Ngati kulibe feteleza wogulidwa kwa begonias pafupi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala awa:
- Yiti yothetsera. Sungunulani yisiti yowuma (1 g / 1 l) m'madzi pang'ono ofunda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kudyetsa zomera kasanu pachaka.
- Banana peel. Chinthu chake choyamba ndichoma ndi kupukusira mu chopukusira khofi, ndiyeno amabalalitsa ufawo pamtunda pamwamba pa mphika. Ndiye muyenera kutsanulira begonia bwino. Mtundu wotere wa banki ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pamwezi. Kuonjezera apo, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiloledwa kuti ikhale mu nthaka mutabzala.
- Njira yothetsera. Sakanizani phulusa mumadzi (3 tbsp./1 l) ndikupatseni yankho kwa sabata.
Nthaka yolimba
Kusayenerera kosavuta kwa dziko lapansi mu thanki kukuwonetsa zoipa ku boma la begonia. Izi zimachititsa kuti madzi asapitirire, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mizu ndi zowonongeka zikhale zowonongeka. Maluwawo ayenera kuikidwa mu nthaka yabwino kwambiri kapena kuwonjezera mchenga wodula, vermiculite, perlite, ndizakonkhonti kumtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Dzinali la maluwa omwe ali m'nkhaniyi ndi limodzi mwa asteroids ya lamba wamkulu wa asteroid, yomwe inapezeka mu October 1920 ndi katswiri wa zakuthambo wochokera ku Germany C. Reinmuth. Anapatsidwa nambala 943 ndi Begonia.
Tizilombo
Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa begonia, zomwe zouma masamba, ndizotheka kuti tizirombo zotsatirazi zipezekamo:
- Aphid Tizilombo tochepa (mpaka 2,5 mm) tizilombo timatulutsa madzi, timayambitsa chikasu ndi kuyanika kwa malo okhudzidwa, ndikuyambitsa matenda a tizilombo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera "Fufanon" kapena "Aktellik", gwiritsani ntchito sopo yankho (25 g / 1 l).
- Mug ndi ofewa. Akuyamikiranso madzi a tizilombo tochepa (3-4 mm), zomwe zingayambitse zotsalira zakuda. Amachotsedwa mwachitsulo powasakaniza ndi brush yofewa. Ndiye kuchita processing ya adyo Tingafinye kapena pyrethrum (chamomile). Izi zimapangidwa ndi mlingo wa 10 g / 1 l.
- Whitefly ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mapiko oyera komanso kutalika kwa 1.5 mm okha. Kunyumba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito sopo yankho (4 g / 10 l).
Matenda
Kuyanika masamba a chipinda begonia nthawi zambiri kumachitika motsatira maonekedwe a matenda ena. Taganizirani zofunikira.
Phunzirani zambiri za matenda ndi tizirombo ta begonia.
Mame a Mealy
Pamene matendawa amapezeka pa chomera, nyemba yoyamba ya powdery imapezeka poyamba. Patapita nthawi, masamba omwe akukhudzidwawo amauma ndi kugwa. Ndi zizindikiro zotero, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal zokonzekera mwamsanga "Fundazol" kapena "Maristan". 
Malo okhudzidwawo a chomeracho ayenera kuchotsedwa, kuti ateteze, mungathe kupopera begonia ndi njira ya mkuwa sulphate, momwe mungathe kuwonjezera sopo kuti mugwire bwino. Kuyerekeza kwa kukonzekera kwa njirayi ndi: - 2 g wamkuwa wa sulphate ndi 20 g sopo yotsuka pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Grey kuvunda
Zowonongeka zimawonetsedwa ndi madontho amtundu wouma pamasamba, omwe pamapeto pake amawoneka obiriwira ndi kuyamba kuvunda. Kenaka njira yovunda imapita ku zimayambira. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa sulfate ndi sopo. Ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha matendawa ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal kukonzekera "Fundazol" kapena "Topsin-M". Malo odwala a zomera ayenera kuchotsedwa. 
Matenda a bakiteriya
Pa matendawa, begonia nthawi zambiri amadwala mabakiteriya. Matendawa amatha kuoneka ndi maonekedwe a magalasi m'munsi mwa mbeu. Masamba pang'onopang'ono amakhala a bulauni, ndiyeno amatembenukira wakuda ndikugwa. 
Pamene zizindikiro izi zikuwoneka, malo omwe akukhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa poyamba. Kenaka, duwa liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la 0.5% oxychloride mkuwa nthawi ziwiri ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri. M'pofunikanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mphika.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kupeŵa kuoneka kwa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti madzi aziuma pamphepete, zizindikiro zotsatilazi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- onetsetsani kuti musankhe nthaka yabwino ndikuiika mankhwala musanadzalemo kapena kuika mbewu;
- Peŵani kusamba madzi ndi kusefukira, pewani kuuma nthaka;
- nthawi nthawi kumasula nthaka mu mphika;
- Musaiwale kupanga feteleza - zimalimbikitsa chomera;
- onetsetsani kuti muchotse mbali zowonongeka ndi kudula mfundo zomwe zimadulidwa ndi mpweya wokonzedwa ndi ufa;
- perekani mlingo woyenera wa chinyezi ndi kutentha;
- musagwiritse ntchito mphamvu yochuluka;
- Mukamasunthira pamphika wawukulu, gwiritsani ntchito njira yopititsira (pogwiritsa ntchito clod) ndipo yesetsani kusokoneza mizu;
- kulimbikitsa zomera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga "Epin" kapena "Zircon";
- pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, chithandizo cha Fitosporin-M kapena Immunocytophyte chikhoza kuchitika;
- Miphika ndi maluwa paziyenera kuyima pafupi;
- Ndikofunika kufufuza nthawi zonse zomera za tizilombo ndi tizirombo;
- chidebe chokhala ndi duwa chokhudzidwa ndi matenda kapena tizilombo tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu padera.
Ndikofunikira! Maluwa onse a begonia begonia ndi chomera chakupha omwe ayenera kuikidwa kunja kwa ana ndi nyama.
Malangizo othandiza othandiza
Pofuna kupewa mavuto ambiri, nkofunikira kusamalira bwino begonia. Ngakhale kuti chomeracho chili chosavuta, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi kuchokera kwa amaluwa kuti azisamalira:
- Mukamabzala, ikani maluwa tubers mosasamala. Mphukira yapadera imayenera kuoneka pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndikofunika kutsanulira nthaka pamene ikukula ndikukula. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, m'pofunikira kupanga shading bwino kapena kukonzanso begonia kumadzulo a kumpoto.
- M'nyengo yozizira tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera chinyezi ndi mpweya wabwino. tuluka koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kuti kutuluka kwa chisanu cha mphepo sikumagwa pa maluwa.
- Kuthirira begonia kumakhala koyenera, pansi pazu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kutentha, olekanitsidwa. Mthunzi pamapepalawa ukhoza kuyambitsa mawanga.
- Kuyeretsa masamba a begonias ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yofewa. Ngati munayenera kuyendetsa njira zamadzi, ndiye kuti chomerachi chiyenera kuuma pamalo otentha opanda mazira kapena dzuwa.
- Nthaŵi ndi nthawi ayenera kuyang'ana chomera kuti akhalepo ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Ndikofunika kuti musaiwale pamene mukuyang'ana pansi pa mapepala apansi.
- Ngati masamba onse atangouma ndipo palibe chifukwa chomveka cha izi, ndiye kukoka ndikuyang'ana mizu. Mwinamwake chomeracho chingapulumutsidwe.
Kusamalira begonia sikumayambitsa mavuto, koma pali mndandanda wa zikhalidwe zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa nthawi zonse - pa chomeracho mudzathokoza chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake okongoletsera. Ngati masamba a maluwa amkatiwa ayamba kuuma, m'pofunika kufufuza momwe zinthu zikukula, nthaka ikupanga ndi feteleza, yang'anani mosamala chomeracho chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matenda kapena tizirombo.
