Cyclamen

Cyclamen(Cyclamen) amatanthauza zomera za herbaceous zobiriwirazomwe, pansi pamkhalidwe wovuta, hibernate. Alimi osadziwa maluwa samatha kuona ngati masamba atha kufa ndipo amatulutsa chomera "chogona".

Chiyambi. Kuthengo kumamera madera akumwera kwa Europe, Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor. Imakonda madera okhala pansi ndi zigawo ndi nyengo yofunda, kumene kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira sikugwera pansi madigiri 10. Ndi wa banja la primroses (lat. Primulaceae), kwa subfamily mirsinovye (lat. Myrsinaceae).

Kukula. Kutalika kwa cyclamen sikudutsa 30 cm, mbewu zazing'ono zamaluwa kuchokera masentimita 10. Kukula kwa masamba, maluwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsamba kumadalira zaka komanso mitundu.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi kukula. Chipolopolo cha cyclamen ndi cha moyo wautali ndipo chimakula mpaka zaka 30. Zomerazo zikamakula, zimakondanso korona, koma kukula kwa maluwa kumakhala kocheperako ndipo chiwerengero chake chimakulanso.

Ndi nyengo yachisanu, mbewuyo imakhala mphatso yotchuka. Ndi nthawi yozizira pomwe amasangalala ndi olima maluwa ndi maluwa ake opepuka. Masamba achilendo ndi maluwa achomera amasangalatsa okonda maluwa okongola amuna.

Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro

Kuchokera kumbali ya esoteric, cyclamen imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa maubale. Kusagwirizana mu mabanja pakati pa mibadwo kumatha ndipo mtendere ndi kumvetsetsana zidzalamulira mnyumbamo.

• Zothandiza pa munthu akusamalira cyclamen. Chimakupatsani mwayi wochotsa mosinthasintha mwadzidzidzi ndikusintha kugona.
• Pokonza chomera kuchipinda chogona, awiriwo azilimbitsa mgwirizano wawo ndikukhala ndi mwana.
• Aura a mmera amateteza ku chikoka cha anthu oyipa ndi kaduka kwawo.
• Kwa anthu omwe akukhala mnyumba momwe muli cyclamen, mwayi ndi kudzoza pang'onopang'ono, akumalakalaka zinthu zatsopano komanso kudzilimbitsa.
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kupsinjika, kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa, mmera umapereka bata ndi kugona bwino.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunyumba

Kusamalira cyclamen kunyumba (mwatsatanetsatane)

Kunyumba, cyclamen imasowa mikhalidwe yapadera yomwe ili pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Kupanga zinthu zotere m'nyumba ndizovuta kwambiri kuswana ndi kusamalira mbewu zokongola izi.

Kutentha

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, cyclamen "imadzuka" kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kwabwino koyambira kwa kukula - 10-15⁰С. Malo abwino oti maluwa azikhala mazenera ozizira, munda yachisanu kapena khonde lotenthetsera. Kutentha pa nthawi ya maluwa sikuyenera kukwera pamwamba pa 20 ° C. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imaponya masamba onse ndi masamba, kubisala. Kusinthasintha kowopsa kutentha ndi zojambula zakufa zimapha tuber; zimayenda ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa.

Ndi chiyambi chakumapeto, cyclamen ikhoza kuyikidwa pa khonde kapena kunja (malinga ngati kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi pa 10 ° C ndipo sikukwera pamwamba pa 24 ° C).

Kutentha kochepa kumayambitsa kufa kwa tuber.

Chinyezi cha mpweya

Chomera chimafuna chinyezi chachikulu. Tsiku lililonse amathira masamba, osapeza madzi pa tuber. Ndi chiyambi cha masamba ndi maluwa, kupopera kumayimitsidwa. Madzi amoyo pa iwo amabweretsa kuwonongeka.

Ololedwa ndi madzi ofewa firiji. Madzi olimba amapanga kutumphuka kwa mineral plaque, yomwe imasokoneza photosynthesis.

Kuonjezera chinyezi chachilengedwe kumathandizira mbale ndi mipira ya hydrogel, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imamasula chinyezi mlengalenga. Possized moss idzathetsanso vutoli.

Ngati kuli betri ,iphimbeni ndi nsalu yonyowa. Izi ziteteza duwa kuti lisatenthe ndi kupukutira mpweya bwino.

Kuwala

Ma cyclamen apanyumba amafunikira maola 10 akuwala kowala popanda kuwongolera mwachindunji. Ngati cheza chitagunda pazenera ndi duwa, ndiye kuti liyenera kuyimitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ikani chitsamba china pakati pa zenera ndi cyclamen kapena chophimba ndi chophimba kuchokera pazinthu zopangidwe bwino. Mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndi abwino kuyika mbewu. Zenera lakumwera limatha kusintha zinthu zake, kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa komanso kutentha.

Ndi wopanda kuwala, masamba ndi maluwa amatembenuka, kutambalala, kukula kumayima.

Munthawi yopumira, mphika wokhala ndi tuber "yogona" umachotsedwa m'malo abwino ndi mthunzi wowala. Mwachitsanzo, kupita pawindo lakumpoto.

Kuthirira

Kutsirira kumachitika kokha poto, chifukwa chinyezi pa tuber chimayambitsa matenda ake. Ola limodzi mutathirira, madzi otsala kuchokera poto amatsitsidwa.

Madzi otetezedwa kutentha kwa firiji ndi oyenera kuthirira. Nyengo yotentha, matalala a pamwamba sangakhale odzaza ndi chinyezi, motero alimi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amasinthiramo pang'ono m'mphepete.

Masamba achikasu nthawi zambiri amawonetsera madzi. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimadziwika m'malo mwake ndipo zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa duwa.

Mukasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, madzi kamodzi pa sabata. Kutentha kwa mpweya kukakhala pamwamba pa 17 ° C, kuwuma kwa dothi kumayang'aniridwa ndikuyerekeza kulemera kwa mphika.

Mu nyengo yotentha, madzi mpaka katatu pa sabata.

Maluwa

Zomera zotumphukira panyumba zimachitika pakapita nthawi yayitali. Zimathandizira maluwa pochepetsa kutentha mpaka 15 ° C.

Zomera, malinga ndi zikhalidwe za chisamaliro, limamasula kwambiri kuyambira m'ma koyambira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, nthawi yopuma imayamba.

Nthawi yopumula

Pakatha maluwa ambiri, mbewuyo imafunika chisamaliro choyenera ndi mtendere. Chizindikiro cha kukonzekera kwa maluwa ndichikasu cha masamba ndi kusakhalapo kwa masamba atsopano. Zidutswa za zamphepo zimachotsedwa popanda zotsalira. Ngati sanachotsedwe, koma kudula, ndiye kuti zotsalira zake zimadula ndi tuber.

Kutsirira pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Nthawi yonseyi imatenga miyezi itatu mpaka isanu. Kuyambika kwake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi malungo.

Dothi

Duwa la cyclamen limafunikira madzi ndi nthaka yopumira. Zosakaniza zapadera za cyclamens ndi violets ndizoyenera. Kupititsa patsogolo mchenga wamchenga.

Kuti mukonzekere gawo lokhazikika, muyenera kusakaniza humus nkhalango ndi peat ndi mchenga wofanana.

Ngati chomera cha tuber, kutulutsa madzi kumafunikira, kotero 1/4 ya poto imadzazidwa ndi madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito miyala, dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena mchenga wowuma.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Panthawi yogwira komanso kuwuka, cyclamen imafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Monga feteleza, zinthu zopanda mafuta a chlorine zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa nayitrogeni ndizoyenera. Nitrogen imakwiyitsa kukula kwazomera zambiri, maluwa adzakhala ochepa komanso ochepa.

Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito maluwa musanathe milungu iwiri iliyonse. Mukamangiriza masamba, kuvala pamwamba kumayimitsidwa.

Thirani

Cyclamen imasinthidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndikuyamba kukula. Masamba oyamba akawoneka, amakusolola mumphika ndikugwedeza gawo lakale pang'ono. Kuzungulira tuber phala lamatope silikukhudzidwa.

Poto wa cyclamen uyenera kutsatira malamulo awiri:

• kukhala wamfupi komanso osafalikira;
• mtunda kuchokera pa tuber mpaka m'mphepete mwa mphika ndi pafupifupi 3 cm.

M'malo akuluakulu ndi apamwamba, duwa sangathe kulandira chinyezi chokwanira, ndipo chochepa kwambiri - sipadzakhala malo okwanira pakupanga mizu.

Pansi pa mphikawo panali ngalande ndi wosanjikiza wa gawo lapansi lokonzekera. Tuberi yokhala ndi mtanda wakale imayikidwa pakati, m'mphepete inakutidwa ndi lapansi, kukanikiza pang'ono. Tuber iyenera kukhalabe 1/2 pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.

Mukabzala, mbewuyo sikuphatikiza kwa mwezi umodzi.

Ubwino wabwino wa mtengowo ndi kupezeka pamodzi kwawo mumphika womwewo ndi mtundu wake. Pokhala ndi mtunda wa 4 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ma cyclamens amapanga gulu lokongola la masamba angapo amtundu umodzi mu chidebe chimodzi.

Kuswana

Kunyumba, kubadwa kwa cyclamen ndi ntchito yomwe siyimayambitsa mavuto ngakhale kwa omwe akungoyamba kumene.

Pali njira zinayi zokulitsira maluwa: mbewu, tuber kugawanika, ana, rosettes.

Kubalana ana

Chiberekero cha amayi chimabala ana nthawi ndi nthawi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timabzala m'chiwiya china, kuwunika, kubzala, kuthirira, kutentha ndi usana masana. Feteleza amathandizidwa pakatha sabata.

Kufalitsa kwa Tuber

Kugawanitsa kwa Tuber kumachitika mosamalitsa pakupuma. Pofuna kuti maluwa asathere, ma cyclamens akulu amawadula mbali ziwiri, kulandira mbewu ziwiri zachikulire. Tuberayi imaphwa, kenako ndikudula ndi mpeni wachipembedzo, ndikusiya masamba angapo theka lililonse. Malowo odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi malasha ndikuwuma, kenako ndikawokedwa mumiphika yokonzekera.

Kubalana ndi rosettes

Pakatha nyengo maluwa, ma rosette akulu amawabzala mumtsuko ndi dothi lonyowa. Kutentha komwe kutulutsa komwe kumakhalako kumatha kupitirira 17 ° C.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chifukwa cha "kusinthika" kwa mtengowo, zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri zimayendera limodzi ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi machitidwe akusamalidwa.

• Mimbulu imakhala ndi masamba achikasu. Masamba amasanduka achikasu panthawi yachilengedwe yoponyera msipu usanayambe. Ngati masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikaso mosasiyanitsa, ndiye kuti ichi chitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuwala kwadzuwa. Kubola kwa tuber kumayendera limodzi ndi chikasu cha masamba. Poterepa, kufalikira kumayamba ndi kudula. Mulimonsemo, ndi chikasu cha masamba, muyenera kuyang'ana pamwamba pa tuber. Ngati tuber inavunda, ndiye kuti gawo lomwe lakhudzidwalo limadulidwa ndikuwazidwa makala. Madzi olimba amatsogolera pakufa kwa tsamba, pomwe phesi limakhalabe labwino.
• Masamba amagwa. Izi zimachitika kawiri: kuvunda kwa tuber ndikusintha mpaka gawo la kugona. Muyenera kuyang'ana ndikumverera tuber kuti ikhale yofewa komanso yamadzi.
• Zovunda. Cholinga chake ndikuthilira kwam nthaka. Cyclamen idasamutsidwira kudziko latsopano, ndikuchotsa zonse zakale.
• Pang'onopang'ono kukula. Kukula pang'onopang'ono mu cyclamen kumawonedwa ndikuwala kosakwanira komanso kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka.
• Kodi sikuti pachimake. Ngati masamba a cyclamen ali mu dongosolo, koma mulibe maluwa, ndiye kuti poto yayikulu kwambiri idasinthidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumathandizanso kuletsa maluwa ndi kupanga masamba ambiri.
• Masamba auma. Masamba owuma, ndikukhalabe turgor wamba, amalankhula za mpweya wouma kwambiri komanso wotentha. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi, chotsani kuchokera ku gwero lamoto ndikupewa kuwunika mwachindunji.
• Malo owala amawonekera pamasamba. Malo owala amawonekera chifukwa choyaka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi tuber.
• Masamba amapindika. Uku ndikuyankha kwa chomera kupsinjika. Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala chodetsa. Cyclamen silivomereza utsi, kutulutsa thupi, utsi wa fodya. Nthaka ya Acidic imavutitsanso mbewu. Zidongo zomwe zili m'nthaka ndizosavomerezeka. Kupsinjika kumachitika ndi kudyetsa mwachangu panthawi yomwe duwa limayesetsa kupita kumalo opumira.

Tizilombo

Mukatha kugula chomera chatsopano, muyenera kuchisunga kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Tizilombo titha kuoneka nthawi yomweyo.

• Chotchinga. Zingwe zolimba komanso zowoneka zofiirira ndizotsatira zakukhazikika kwa tizilombo tambiri.
• Mealybug. Awa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tatsitsi timene timakhudza masamba a masamba.
• Spider mite. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndi tsamba pamasamba. Mtengowo umakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo touluka ndi mpweya wofunda.
• Cyclamen Mafunso Ndi zowonongeka, maluwa ndi masamba amakula ndikukula. Nthawi zina masamba satsegula ndikugwa. Chomera chodwala chimatayidwa.
• Ma nsabwe. Amamwa msuzi kuchokera pamasamba ndi matebulo, kusokoneza thanzi labwinobwino. Zina za mbewu sizikula bwino. Aphid amapanga timagulu tosiyanasiyana ndipo ndiosavuta kudziwa pazodulidwa.

Mitundu ya cyclamen yanyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu iwiri ya cyclamen yakunyumba: Persian ndi European. Amasiyanasiyana posamalira komanso nthawi yamoyo.

Cyclamen waku Persian

Dzina lake lachiwiri ndi Alpine Violet. Ali ndi tuber lalikulu lathyathyathya. Masamba amtundu wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mtundu wamtambo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yofiyira, yapinki komanso yamtambo yonse yofiirira. Kukula kwa maluwa kumatengera zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yaying'ono yaying'ono imakhala ndi fungo labwino ndipo imagwirizana bwino ndi nyumba.

Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Kadinala. Ili ndi maluwa akuluakulu owala ofiira. Kukula kwa tchire kumafika 30 cm.
2. Kaori. Kalulu wosiyanasiyana ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi fungo labwino. Kusala kwa bud kumakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana.
3. Rex. Kukula kwakukulu kwa maluwa ndi chitsamba. Masamba amakongoletsedwa ndi siliva.
4. Kukongoletsa. Ma maluwa okongola. Pali maluwa a salimoni, ofiirira komanso apinki. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe amiyala.

European cyclamen

Chodziwika pakati pa mitunduyi ndi kayendedwe ka moyo wawo. Ilibe nthawi yokhala matalala ndipo masamba ali chaka chonse. Ali ndi maluwa ndi masamba ochepa kutalika kuposa a Persian Persian.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa ndi mithunzi ya pinki ndi yofiirira. Zabwino kwambiri kuti zikule kunyumba. Amakhala momasuka kutentha mpaka 20 ° C komanso chinyezi chochepa.