Mabulosi, kapena mabulosi (Latin Morus) ndi mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi zipatso zokoma zomwe zimawoneka ngati mabulosi akuda, akuda, oyera kapena apinki. Kwa nthawi yayitali mbewu iyi idawonedwa ngati chikhalidwe chakum'mwera, koma chifukwa cha zoyeserera zamaluwa ndi obereketsa, dera lomwe adagawiliralo likukula kwambiri. Kodi ndizotheka kuchita bwino pakukula mabulosi pakati pa Russia ndipo ndi mitundu iti yomwe ndiyenera kusankha kubzala?
Kodi ndizotheka kukula mabulosi pakati Russia?
Mabulosi ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Mwachilengedwe, limamera m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha, komwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuswana ndi silcorm, pomwe cocoon amatulutsa silika wachilengedwe.
M'dziko lathu, mabulosi nthawi zambiri amabzyalidwa kuti apeze zipatso zokoma. Mitundu iwiri ya mbewu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri:
- mabulosi wakuda (Mórus nígra),
- mabulosi oyera (Mórus álba).
Alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa pakulima pakati pa Russia amalimbikitsa mabulosi oyera. Mosiyana ndi chakuda, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafa kutentha pang'ono -15 ° C, chimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -30 ° C popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa korona ndi mizu.
White mabulosi nyengo yabwino Russia
Kudziwa mtundu wa mtengo wa mabulosi ndikosavuta. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mabulosi oyera ndi mtundu wa imvi wopepuka wa masamba a makungwa ndi masamba osakanizidwa ndi ovate kapena osazungulira. Potere, mtundu wa zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ukhoza kukhala yoyera kapena yapinki, komanso pafupifupi yakuda.
Koma ngakhale mayonesi abwinobwino nthawi yachisanu samamva bwino mu nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, kutalika kwa mtengo wachikulire nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi mita 15, ndipo pakati msewuwu nthawi zambiri samakula kuposa ma 4 metres ndipo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati chitsamba.
Kanema: Zochitika za kukula kwa mabulosi mu Russia
Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi
Kummwera, mabulosi ndi imodzi mwazomera zosapatsa zipatso zambiri. Koma wamaluwa wa mzere wapakati adzafunika kuyesetsa kuti akolole zabwino. Makamaka chidwi chambiri chimafunikira kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi mizu yoyambira.
Kubzala mabulosi
Kubzala mbande za mabulosi nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira. M'madera apakati pa Russia, kubzala masika kumadziwika kuti ndikoyenera, komwe kumachitika isanayambike ntchito yoyambira. Panyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imatha kukula muzu ndikusinthasintha ndi malo otseguka, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wozizira osataya nthawi yambiri.
Posankha malo a mtengo wa mabulosi, ziyenera kuonedwa:
- kuwunikira bwino;
- kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu;
- Mtunda kuchokera pa chomera chomwe wabzala kupita mitengo yomwe ili pafupi kapena nyumba siziyenera kupitilira mita 3;
- loamy kuwala, mchenga kapena dothi lamchenga.
Mukabzala mululosi, dzuwa ndi malo achitetezo pamalowo amasankhidwa
Pakubzala mabulosi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pasadakhale dzenje lakuya masentimita 70 ndi mulifupi womwewo. Ndikofunika kuyika ngalande kuchokera ku dongo kapena miyala ina yaying'ono pansi pake. Izi zimachitika makamaka mukabzala mu dongo lolemera lomwe limatha kuyambitsa mizu chifukwa cha chinyezi. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzenje limadzaza ndi manyowa kapena manyowa. Ngati mungafune, mutha kuwonjezera 50 g wa feteleza wovuta aliyense wothira ndi dothi.
Mukabzala, chomera chaching'ono chimayikidwa mu dzenje, ndikufalitsa mizu yake mozungulira, ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi nthaka. Kenako malita 20-30 amadzi amatsanuliridwa mumng'aluwo ndikuwumbiriridwa bwino kuti nthaka isayime kwambiri.
Kanema: zanzeru zakuzika mtengo wa mabulosi
Mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi ndi othandiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso, chifukwa chake, pakupanga bwino zipatso pamalopo muyenera kukhala ndi mitengo iwiri - yaimuna ndi yachikazi. Sankhani kugonana kwa chomera ndi maluwa:
- m'malingaliro achikazi, amasonkhanitsidwa mumakutu ooneka ngati makutu okhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika;
- mwa amuna, inflorescences ndi lotayirira ndipo amakhala ndi tsinde lakuchepetsa.
Kusiyanitsa abulosi wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndikotheka kokha pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa maluwa
Chisamaliro
Mabulosi ndi chomera chololeza chilala chomwe sichimalola chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndi mbewu zazing'ono zokha zomwe zimafunikira madzi okwanira. Makamaka ozizira komanso otentha amatha kuthiriridwa komanso mtengo wachikulire. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malita a madzi 1520 pa sabata ndi okwanira mabulosi.
Zakudya zomwe zili m'nthaka yachonde zomwe zidadzaza dzenjelo ndizokwanira zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ikatha nthawi imeneyi, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, mabulosi amazidyetsa. Feteleza kumachitika mu magawo awiri:
- Asanayambe kutulutsa, pafupifupi ma gramu 50 a feteleza wophatikizira wa mineral (Nitroamofoska, Azotofoska ndi ena) amwazikana pabalaza.
- Panthawi yakucha, mabulosiwa amadyetsedwa ndi organic, mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa zitosi za mbalame (1:18) kapena manyowa atsopano a ng'ombe (1: 8).
Mukamadyetsa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mabulosi omwe amakula m'nthaka yachonde nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zipatso zambiri zobiriwira ndipo amakana kubala zipatso. Nayitrogeni owonjezera amavulaza mbewuyi.
Njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yosamalirira mabulosi ikukonzekera dzinja. Zimayamba kale chisanu chisanachitike. Kale theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, mmera suthiranso madzi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mphukira zobiriwira zipse isanayambe nyengo yozizira.
Mu Seputembera-Okutobala, mtengo wokumira wa mabulosi umamasulidwa bwino ndi wokutira ndi mulch. Makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm m'mphepete ndi 30 cm pamtengo. Ndikwabwino kuphimba kwathunthu mitengo yaying'ono ndi yopanda nsalu kapena nsalu yomwe imalola kuti mpweya udutse.
Mulch amateteza muzu wa mabulosi kuti usazizidwe kwambiri
Mapangidwe a Korona
Pakatikati pa Russia, mabulosi amapezeka nthawi zambiri ngati chitsamba komanso kutalika kosachepera 3 metres. Kuti apange korona wamtunduwu mu chomera chomwe chatha zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, mphukira zambiri zimadulidwa, ndikusiya 8-10 yekha wokhazikitsidwa kwambiri. Kenako, chaka chilichonse, nthambi 2-3 zimadulidwa kuti zikule ndikusinthidwa ndi achichepere. Zotsatira zake, nthambi zitatu za lachiwiri ndi pafupifupi 10 mwa zitatuzi zimapangidwa pa fupa lililonse lachikopa. Pakadutsa zaka zingapo mutadulira, wolima dimba amapeza chitsamba chabwino cha mabulosi, mawonekedwe ake korona omwe amakupatsani mwayi kutola mbewu zonse mosavuta.
Kanema: momwe mungadulira mabulosi
Korona ikapangidwa, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika, kupukutsanso mabulosi ku zopindika zopota, zowuma kapena zowonongeka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mchaka, isanayambike kuyamwa, kapena kugwa - mutangotulutsa masamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, kamodzi pa zaka 10-15, mabulosi amafunika kudulira. Mkati mwake, mphukira zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi gawo lachitatu, ndipo nthambi zingapo za mafupa zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndikusintha ndi achichepere.
Pofuna kupewa matenda a mabulosi omwe ali ndi matenda a bacteria komanso bacteria, zida zonse zomwe zimadulira zimayenera kutsukidwa pasadakhale.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri
Pakadali pano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi, kulekerera nyengo yankhanza yapakati pa dziko lathu. Ambiri aiwo si otsika poyerekeza ndi abale awo akumwera kaya ndi kukoma kapena lochuluka.
Admiral
Admiralskaya ndiye okhawo wakuda mabulosi wolimbikitsidwa ndi State Commission for Testing and Protection of Kuswana Kukwanitsa kulimidwa munjira yapakati. Adalandiridwa ku K.A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Ndi chomera chanthete, chopindika ndi zipatso zakuda zomwe zimakoma ndi fungo labwino.
Mabulosi ambiri a Admiral osiyanasiyana amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 1.5
Admiralskaya amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mabulosi akuda mu hardness yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo ,imalola chilala komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndipo sikuti sikukhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Zokolola wamba za chomera chachilengedwe chapakati Russia ndi pafupifupi 5 kg.
Msungwana wa khungu lakuda
Smuglyanka, monga mitundu ina yambiri yobzalidwa pakati pa Russia, ndi mtundu wa mabulosi oyera. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwambiri nyengo yachisanu komanso kuthekera kwakanthawi kochepa kubwezeretsa mphukira zowonongeka ndi chisanu, ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chapakati Russia.
Mulberry Smuglyanka ali ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri ku Midland
Zipatso za Smuglyanka ndi zakuda, zimakhala ndi kukoma komanso kozizira kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zipatso zambiri. Kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi ya mtengo wachikulire, zipatso mpaka 500 g zimakololedwa.
Pakati pa Russia, zipatso za Smuglyanka zimayamba kupsa theka lachiwiri la June. Ngakhale kuti ndiwachilengedwe, amalekerera bwino mayendedwe ndipo amatha kusungidwa kwa maola 18 kuchokera tsiku lakusonkhanitsa.
Ubwino wofunikira pa mitunduyo ndi kupangika kwake. Chifukwa cha mtundu uwu, ngakhale mtengo umodzi upatsa zipatso zochuluka.
Royal
Royal - imodzi mwazipatso zambiri za mabulosi. Ndi mtengo wakale kuposa zaka 7, mutha kusonkha pafupifupi 10 kg a zipatso zoyera. Amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komanso kununkhira kosiyana.
Mabulosi achifumu amalekerera chisanu mpaka -30 ° C. Zimalephereranso kuthana ndi zovuta monga kutentha kwambiri, kusowa chinyezi komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa nthaka.
Uchi Woyera
Mabulosi osiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zoyera zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa popanda fungo lokhazikika. Amafika kutalika kwa 3 cm ndi 1 cm. Pakati pa msewu, nthawi ya zipatso za mabulosi Olima White nthawi zambiri imayamba kumapeto kwa June kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Zipatso za mitundu yoyera ya White uchi ndi zokulirapo kuposa zipatso za mitundu ina ya mabulosi
Zina mwa zoyipa zamitundu mitunduyi, wamaluwa amawona zipatso zochepa kwambiri, chifukwa zomwe zimayendera sizingatheke. Zipatso zololedwa ziyenera kukonzedwa mkati mwa maola 5-6.
Panthawi yoyesa, uchi wa Belaya wosiyanasiyana unawonetsa kulimba kwa dzinja. Adalekerera chisanu mosavuta mpaka -30 ° C ngakhale wopanda pogona.
Staromoskovskaya
Staromoskovskaya ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya mabulosi ochepa omwe ali ndi maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi pachomera chimodzi. Zina mwazabwino zina:
- Kununkhira kwabwino kwambiri ndi kirimu wowawasa komanso kununkhira kwa zipatso zabwino,
- zokolola zabwino
- kutentha kwambiri yozizira
- osasinthika ndikuchokera munthaka.
Mabulosi amtundu wa Staromoskovskaya ndi utoto wakuda
Ndemanga: Wamaluwa wapakati mzere wa mabulosi
Ndimakhala ku Moscow. Mabulosi anga ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 50, chaka chilichonse chimabala zipatso zambiri, njira, pafupi chisanu, chimalekerera 40 madigiri mosavuta.
sergey0708//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/
Ndakhala ndikukula mabulosi kwa zaka 5. Kubwera kuchokera kumwera. Pamenepo iye anakulira kunja kwa mbewu. Pa nthawi yofikira anali 50 cm. Tsopano 2.5m. Samabala chipatso. Nthambi zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziume kwambiri. Tsopano zochepa. Ndikuyembekezera kukolola chaka chilichonse. Kanyumba kumpoto chakumadzulo pafupi ndi Volokolamsk.
aster53//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/page-2
Ndili ndi mabulosi oyera chitsamba, ndinachotsa ku Funtikov zaka 4 zapitazo: Tsopano ndi zautali wa 1.7.Mathero a nthambi okha, 12-16 sentimita wozizira chaka chino. Pansipa pali masamba amoyo, ndipo thumba losunga mazira tayamba kuwoneka kale. Chaka chatha ndinayesa zipatso zoyamba. Mtunduwo ndi woyera, wowoneka bwino, wocheperako.
Valery Gor//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=537&start=210
Mu kasupe wa 2015 adabzala mabulosi awiri - "Olimba khungu" ndi "Black Baroness" mbali. Mizu yawo idakula bwino ndipo idakula kwambiri mchaka, koma nthawi yozizira imayamba - "Baroness" konse, ndi "Smuglyanka" pafupifupi pansi. Mu 2016 yotsatira, 5-6 ikuwombera mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika kuchokera pa hemp yotsalira. M'nyengo yozizira, amayamba kuzizira pafupifupi theka. Popeza sindimakonda mitengo ikadzala "tsache", ndidasiya mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri, ndikudula zotsalazo. Kuwombera kumeneku kunayenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 80-90cm, chifukwa ena onse anali achisanu. Chaka chino mphukira zatsopano 5-6 kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka zakhala zikukula kuchokera pa tsinde laling'ono ili. Wopamwamba kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kwambiri wakula kale 2m kutalika. Komanso, imakhalanso ndi nthambi. Ine.e. kuwombera kwa chaka chino kuli ndi nthambi zina mbali, zina mpaka mita. Osangokhala nthambi yapakati, komanso mphukira zotsala za chaka chino.
volkoff//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=35195&st=80
Chaka chilichonse, mabulosi akuyamba kukhala chikhalidwe chapamwamba kwambiri ku Russia. Zachidziwikire, momwe zinthu zilili kudera lino, zimafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka kuposa kumwera. Koma zoyeserera zonse za wamaluwa zidzadalitsidwa koposa kulandira zipatso zambiri zokoma ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
