Momwe mungamere ndi kukula phwetekere "Chikondi cha amayi"

Kusankha tomato kwa kubzala, ambiri pachabe samvetsera zatsopano zatsopano.

Otsata akugwira ntchito kuti apeze tomato wapadera, omwe alibe kukoma kokha, komanso osapatsa alimi mavuto ambiri akamakula.

Imodzi mwa mitundu iyi ndi "chikondi cha Amayi." Ndipo zokolola zake ndi chiyani ndipo n'zovuta kumusamalira, tidzanena zambiri.

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Phwetekere "chikondi cha amayi": kanema
• Ndemanga

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

"Chikondi cha amayi" ndi mtundu waukulu wa tomato, womwe umakhala pakati, wobiriwira, womwe umapezeka ndi obereketsa ku Bulgaria. Anapangidwira kulima pamalo otseguka komanso otsekedwa.

Mukudziwa? Tomato ali ndi kuchuluka kwa lycopene, yomwe ndi yogwira nawo mbali pazokonzanso.

Zitsamba zimakula kwambiri - 1.5-1.6 mamita. Thunthu lamphamvu imaphimba masamba apakati, okhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe aliwonse a tomato. Nyamayi idatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ubwino wotere:

• kutetezeka kwambiri kwa matenda;
• mwayi wokhala m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo;
• Zingathe kulimbidwa m'mitengo yoteteza zomera komanso nthaka yopanda chitetezo;
• bwino;
• zipatso zambiri (saladi, pasitala, timadziti).

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyanasiyana kumalola kufotokoza izi:

• kupsa pakati. Ngakhale kuti zipatso zokolola ziyenera kudikira nthawi yaitali, zimapsa mofanana. Ndipo izi zimachepetsa njira yokolola;
• kukula kokwera tchire. Zimayambira kukula pamwamba pa mamita limodzi ndi hafu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tchire amafunika kugunda ndi kusunga;
• zokolola zazikulu. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 3.5 kuchokera kuthengo, kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kulima.

Zina mwa zofookazo zimakhala zosatheka kuti tipeze zipatso pamalo otseguka kumpoto.

Mukudziwa? Katswiri wa zachilengedwe wotchuka Karl Linnaeus amatchedwa tomato mimbulu yamapichesi (Solanum lycopersicum).

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

"Chikondi cha amayi" ali ndi nthawi ya kusasitsa. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe ikuphukira mphukira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, masiku 110-120 amatha. Akakhwima, zipatso zimatembenuka kwambiri.

Matatowa ndi amchere, okoma, ophimbidwa ndi khungu lofewa, lowala kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophwanyika ndipo amakhala olemera 300-500 g. Pamwamba pamakhala zowala, makamera amawonekera padulidwe. Mbewu yaing'ono.

Tomato ndi abwino kwambiri pa saladi: "Zologalamu zana", "Slot f1", "Crab Japan", "Golden Domes", "Monomakh's Hat", "Batyana", "Nastya", "Tlakolula de Matamoros", "Honey Honey" "Giant Pink", "mtima wa ng'ombe".

Mwachisamaliro, chitsamba chimaphimbidwa ndi zipatso zomwe zimapsa mofanana. Zokolola za chitsamba chimodzi ndi 3-3.5 makilogalamu.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Anthu omwe satha kukula mbande kunyumba, angathe kugula. Ambiri amapita ku msika ndikukhulupirira ogulitsa, ngakhale kuganizira za ubwino wa mbande. Komabe, zokolola za mtsogolo zimadalira mwachindunji, ndipo mbewu zimayenera kusankha.

Mukudziwa? Zipatso za mitundu yolima zimatha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 1000, koma zipatso za phwetekere zakutchire sizilemera kuposa gram.

Nazi malamulo ena osavuta:

• mbande ndi mazira ochuluka osayenera kutenga. Mukamabzala tomato, zipatso zoyamba zidzatayika, ndipo chomera chimenecho chimayamba mizu yoipa. Ngati mwadzidzidzi munagula mbande ndi mazira, ndi bwino kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo;
• Mbewu ndi zimayambira zazikulu, ndi masamba obiriwira, emerald sayenera kugula. Zitsanzo zoterezi zimadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni. Chimake chomeracho chidzakhala choipa, koma chipatso chidzakhala chochepa. Koma chitsamba chidzakondweretsa pamwamba;
• Mitengo yaitali, yotalika ndi masamba obiriwira si abwino;
• chomeracho chiyenera kukhala ndi masamba 7-8. Mbewu yabwino, yathanzi imayenera kukhala ndi burashi yosiyana;
• Thunthu liyenera kukhala lolemera kwambiri (pafupifupi ndi pensulo). Masamba ayenera kukhala amphumphu, opanda chikasu;
• pasakhale zizindikiro za nkhungu ndi tizilombo tina tating'ono pa thunthu. Kukhalapo kwa mabala ofiira sikuvomerezanso;
• Ndizosayenera kugula mbande zomwe zakhala zikugwedezeka mu chidebe. Pali zotheka kuti mbande zoterozo zili ndi mizu yoonongeka.

Mavuto akukula

Ngati mwasankha kukula mimbande nokha, nyembazo zimakonzedwa kwa maola 6-8 mu phulusa (supuni ya phulusa pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Mbewu imangodumpha, komanso imatenga zakudya. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimamizidwa kwa mphindi 20 mu njira ya manganese.

Monga nthaka yobzala malo abwino pamalo omwe adakula kabichi kapena nkhaka. Ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi nthaka yomaliza (mwachitsanzo, "Violet"). Wood phulusa (0.5 l) ndi superphosphate (1-2 supuni) zimaphatikizidwa ku nthaka osakaniza chidebe.

Ndikofunikira! Dothi lochokera kumalo kumene iwo amakula mbatata, tsabola kapena anyezi, sizolondola - pali zotheka kwambiri zakumapeto kwa vutoli.

Pokula, mungathe kutenga chilichonse chomwe muli ndi mabowo pansi. Ndi zofunika kuti tizilitse mankhwalawa. Mbande zoyera zimayenera zambiri - kusowa kuchedwa mu chitukuko ndi kuchepa kwa tomato m'tsogolo. Ndiyeneranso kuyang'ana mtundu wina wa chinyezi: mpweya - 45-60%, nthaka - 65-75%.

Kuti mbande ziwonekere, kutentha kwa + 24 ... +26 ° C kuyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chomwe muli chidebecho. Itatha kutentha kunja ndi kutentha kutsika pamwamba + 15 ° C, mukhoza kutenga mbande panja kuti muumitse chomeracho.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala

Njira yobzala mbewu pa mbande imayamba masiku 60-65 musanadzalemo malo okhazikika.

1. Musanafese, mankhwalawa amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ofooka njira ya manganese) ndi kukula kokometsera, kenaka amaikidwa mu nthaka yokonzeka kuti asapitirire 1-2 masentimita.
2. Mbeu ikaikidwa pansi, imayambitsidwa (gwiritsani ntchito sprayer kuti musasambe zinthu) ndi kuphimba ndi filimu yoonekera. Ngati mukwaniritsa zochitika zonse zobzala, mphukira idzawoneka masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
3. Pambuyo pa masamba 2-3 akuwoneka pa mbande, amatha kuika m'magawo osiyana. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito miphika ya peat.

Ndikofunikira! Kujambula ndi kofunika kuti mbande zimathandizidwe kulimbitsa mizu, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino zowonjezereka komanso kukula kwa malo osatha.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Mbewu zowonjezereka zimasamutsidwa ku malo osatha mu March, masiku 50-55 pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa mbande. Pachifukwa ichi, chitsanzo chodzala chikuwerengedwa pafupipafupi pa mbeu 4 pa 1 mita imodzi. Mbande zimayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 40, kusunga mtunda wa masentimita 70 pakati pa mizere. Chifukwa chakuti tchire zimakula, tomato amafunika kumangirirana ndi mwana wamwamuna. Kuti zimayambira kuti zisapunthike pamtengo wolemera kapena mphepo, mphasa yawo yapadera kapena nylon (iyo ikhoza kukhala yowonjezera) zibiso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira. Thandizo liyenera kukhala lolimba ndi loyang'ana.

Kuganiza kuti ndikutaya ana ena, omwe sakhala ndi udindo wapadera, koma amatenga zakudya kuchokera ku chitsamba, kotero ndi bwino kupanga chitsamba mu 2-3 zimayambira. Potero kudzakhala kotheka kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso mpaka pamlingo waukulu.

Pezani nthawi yobzala mbatata pamalo otseguka, ndi chani chodzala, momwe mungasamalire mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka, momwe mungamangirire tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka, momwe mungapangire mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka.

Popeza tomato onse amakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi, "Chikondi cha amayi" chikufuna kwambiri kutentha, chinyezi ndi zakudya. Kuthirira kumachitika ngati n'kofunika (pafupifupi kamodzi masiku asanu), osaloleza kuchuluka kwa chinyezi - izi zimakhudza kukoma kwa chipatso. Chikhalidwe chamadzi madzulo, dzuwa litalowa. Pa nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti chinyezi sichigwa pa masamba.

Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse yokula, kusinthasintha pakati pa mchere ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Kusamalira phwetekere sikungokhala pa izi. Ndikoyenera nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka kuti athetse kuchepetsa kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya mu dera la mizu. Muyeneranso namsongole ndikuchotsa udzu ngati mukufunikira. Pofuna kuonjezera zokolola zosiyanasiyana, ambiri amalima amalimbikitsa mulching muzu woyandikana ndi udzu kapena opaque zakuthupi.

Ndikofunikira! Zokolola za tomato zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dothi losokonezeka pogwiritsa ntchito nyemba.

Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo

Ngakhale kuti phwetekere "Chikondi cha amayi" sichikulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuwateteza kuti azichita zinthu zingapo:

• onani kuchuluka kwa micronutrients ndi zakudya m'nthaka, mugwiritsenso ntchito feedings;
• kusamalira zomera mosamala - ngakhale nthambi yosweka ingayambitse matenda;
• sungani nthaka kuti musinthe khalidwe lake;
• onetsetsani nthawi ndi kukwera kwake.

Kuwonjezera apo, tchire tingathe kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zoterezi:

• matabwa phulusa - 0,5 makilogalamu a phulusa amafalikira mu 1.5 malita a madzi, osankhidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi ena 10 malita a madzi. 50 g sopo yotsuka imatsanuliridwa mu njirayi. Njirayi idapopera tchire la tomato;
• "Kukonza" - mapiritsi 5-6 a mankhwala amasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi, mkaka wa mkaka umawonjezeredwa ndipo chisakanizocho chimagwidwa ndi tchire;
• "Thupi" - mankhwala otsirizitsidwa motsutsana ndi vuto lochedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Mbewu ya tomato yokolola mu August - kumayambiriro kwa September. Pachifukwa ichi, simungakhoze kuyembekezera chiwonongeko chokwanira cha chipatso, ambiri adzatha kufika mu mawonekedwe odula. Kuyeretsa kuyenera kutsirizidwa musanayambe chisanu, mpaka kutentha kwadutsa pansi +10 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati ndichedwa, ndiye kuti kulekerera kwa tomato kudzavutika - ngakhale pa 4-5 ° C, zipatso zimataya kukana matenda.

Asanatumize tomato yosungirako, amathetsedwa, kupanga magulu molingana ndi kukula ndi kukhulupirika.

Tomato akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi ndithu. Mitundu ya Brown ndi yobiriwira imakhala ndi makhalidwe awo kwa miyezi 2-3. Zipatso zokhwima mokwanira pansi pazinthu zabwino zimasungidwa osapitirira miyezi 1.5. Pochita izi, tomato amaikidwa m'chipinda chozizira (kutentha + 1-2 ° C) ndi chinyezi cha 85-95%.

Phunzirani kuphika adjika, madzi a phwetekere, kuzifutsa, tomato wothira, saladi, tomato odzola.

Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalekerera mu kayendedwe ndipo zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pamene zimakhala zokambirana ndi zokoma.

Monga mukuonera, tomato zamakono sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kuposa zachizoloŵezi, komabe zimapambana mosasamala za chisamaliro ndi kulima. Ndipo kutsatizana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zafotokozedwa kudzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zopatsa, zokoma.

Phwetekere "chikondi cha amayi": kanema

Ndemanga