Fescue - mbewu yosatha yosatha. Ntchito yaikulu ya udzu umenewu ndi yokongola kwambiri, chifukwa chake imakondedwa ndi okonza mapulani. Ichi ndi chomera chokongola, chodabwitsa kwambiri. Chitsimikizo chopindulitsa cha kupulumutsira ndikuti ndikumana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mtundu wa Fescue uli ndi mitundu yoposa 150, koma tazindikira otchuka kwambiri ndipo timapereka makhalidwe awo.
Alpine Fescue
Mzu wa fescue imeneyi ndi wandiweyani ndipo wapanga. M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, chomerachi chimakula mpaka kufika pa munthu, ndipo chimapanga kachilombo kakang'ono pamwambapa. Zowonjezera zimayambira kufika 70 cm.
Madzi akuluakulu amatha kugwa masentimita 10-30 kuchokera pansi. Amakonda kuwala kwambiri. Ali ndi kulekerera kwa chilala komanso nyengo yozizira. Amapanga msipu wokoma bwino wa mthunzi wakuda. Mu fruiting nthawi alpine fescue ayenera kudula. M'maonekedwe a malo tikulimbikitsanso kuti tibzala chomeracho mu udzu wa Moor, rabatok, komanso magulu a zomera.
Amethyst fescue
Ichi ndi chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri cha mtundu wa buluu wobiriwira. Amethyst fescue adzakhala wokongola kwenikweni m'munda. Gulu lachikulire limapanga humbock wambirimbiri mpaka kufika masentimita 60. Limaphuka bwino kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe. Maluwa okongola amatuluka pamtunda wochepa kwambiri pa masamba ambiri. Alibe mtengo wokongoletsera, kotero ayenera kudulidwa kuti asawononge zomera. Pakafika zaka 10 amethyst fescue amapanga nsalu yayikulu yomwe imakhala ndi mita imodzi. Zimakula bwino pa dothi lowala bwino. Sitilekerera kusamba kwa madzi ndi kukonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, zimapindula pa kuya kwake ndi kulemera kwa mtundu.
Ndikofunikira! Sizowonjezeka kuti zifike pamtunda wautomoni komanso mumthunzi, pamene zimataya chidwi chake.
Ndi bwino kudzala chomera m'magulu a 3-5 makope. Mvula yowawa kwambiri, masamba amatha kukhala ozizira, koma mofulumira amabwerera kuchibadwa. M'munda umaoneka bwino. Zingabzalidwe ngati zojambula zokongoletsera ndi zithunzi za alpine. Ikuwoneka wokongola pafupi ndi madzi, motsatira maziko a miyala ndi miyala yochepa. Zochititsa chidwi mulimata iliyonse yosakanikirana, munda wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi miyala yowala.
Valissa Fescue (Tipchak)
Chomera chomera cha madera a steppe. Dothi lopangidwa ndi mtundu wofiira wosasunthika wa shrub ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba, womwe umapereka sera ya pachimake. Ili ndi minofu yofiira mpaka masentimita 40. Leaf blades ndi ofooka pang'ono kupitirira mamitamita ndipo amayendayenda pamwamba, koma mofupikitsa kuposa tsinde, kunja kuli kovuta kukhudza. Nthawi yamaluwa imabwera kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Valissa amawathandiza dzuwa, amakonda malo owuma ndi dothi lamchenga. Chabwino amalekerera kwambiri chinyezi. Angamere pamalo amodzi mpaka zaka zisanu. Kupatsa chakudya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda monga chophimba chokhala ndi moyo, komanso kumayenda bwino ndi zomera zina zambiri, mosakayikira kutsindika kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Zaka mazana apitayi, panali chinenero chapadera cha maluwa, chomwe chimatchedwa "midzi". Ndili, anthu panthawi yopatsa maluwa ena amanena momveka bwino malingaliro onse!
Wapamwamba kwambiri
Amamera pa dothi lofiirira ndi loyera, komanso dothi la sod-podzolic. Chomera kwambiri ndi monoecious chomera chokhala ndi chikopa cha masamba omwe amachokera pansi. Ukaziwo ukugawanika pafupifupi mpaka pansi ndi kovuta kukhudza. Mafutawa ndi opanda kanthu, opanda nthiti pamwamba. Sungunulani mapepala okhala ndi nthambi zovuta kwambiri. Mamba a Spikelet ali ndi chivundikiro cha chikopa. Masikelo a pansi pa maluwa ali ovuta pamwamba lonse ndipo amakhala ndi mamita 6 mmatali. Anthers kutalika 3.5 mm. Mphuno yamapiko ndi tsitsi lakuda.
Prickly fescue
Ndi otsika herbaceous chomera osapitirira 15 masentimita pamwamba. Kwambiri kukongoletsa kuyang'ana chifukwa cha wochepa thupi zotanuka masamba. Ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Tsamba lofiira
Ndi chomera chokhazikika, chowoneka bwino pafupifupi 80 masentimita yaitali ndipo pafupifupi pafupifupi masamba. Zomera za masamba zimakhala ndi masamba, zobiriwira ndi zofiira. Masambawa ndi opapatiza, opangidwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka masentimita 40. The inflorescence ndi paniculate ndi yotopetsa, 12 cm yaitali, ndi kuphulika pa nthambi. Kufiira kofiira kumakhala kosasunthika ndi chisanu ndipo kumalolera bwino madzi, kuphatikizapo kusefukira kwa madzi.
Ngati mukudabwa momwe mungabzalitsire udzu wa dziko kuti ukhale wosalala bwino, wandiweyani wakuda ndi wodzaza, mtundu uwu wa fescue udzakutsatirani. Izi shrub zakuda zimakhala zokongola ngati zili zotalika. M'chaka choyamba, kukula kwa udzu kunachepa kwambiri, koma zaka ziwiri zotsatira zakhazikitsidwa. Pofika chaka chachinayi cha moyo, chimakula bwino.
Kufiira kumapangika kumalo okongola, monga momwe kufotokozera kumasonyezera, kumakhala gawo la udzu woyamba. Pazinthu izi, muyenera kusankha mitundu iwiri ya zomera: rhizomatous-rykhlokustovuyu ndi ryhlokustovuyu.
Njira Yopulumutsira
Izi ndi zowopsya zosatha ndi zinyama zokhazokha. Mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi imakhala yowongoka, yotsika kwambiri, yosapitirira 1.2 mamita pamwamba. Masamba ndi ofiira, okhala ndi ziphuphu pamphepete ndi kumtunda. Ulifupi wawo siposa 5 mm. Pansi pa tsamba la masamba pali makutu. Pafupifupi kutalika kwa panicle kumasiyana ndi 6 mpaka 20 cm. Pali zofooka za violet pamphepete zobiriwira.
Grass limamasula mu chilimwe. Meadow fescue makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga udzu. Komanso, chomeracho chili ndi mtengo wapatali wa chakudya.
Mayra Fescue
Malo omwe akukhala nawo akukula ndi mapiri a Atlas pamtunda wamakilomita oposa awiri. Chitsamba chilichonse cha Myra chimapanga phiri lokongola lomwe lili ndi masamba obiriwira mpaka masentimita 60. M'mwezi wa June, mtundu wautali ndi wokongola kwambiri umakula. Izi zimapereka bwino kwambiri kulekerera kutentha ndi madzi. Zimakula pang'onopang'ono, koma chitsamba chachikulu chimakhala cholimba kwambiri. Mayeri anabzala maluwa, rabatki, mixborders ndi curbs.
Mukudziwa? Mfundo yakuti zomera zimachita kwa anthu ngati zinthu zamoyo zatsimikiziridwa. Kuyesera kunayendetsedwa ndi munthu mmodzi amene anathyola maluwa a maluwa, ndipo wachiwiri anali kumusangalatsa ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Pothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zinalembedwa mosiyana ndi anthu awiri.
Pancake fescue
Dziko lokhazikika - the Pyrenees. Ichi ndi chochepa kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 15 mu msinkhu ndi zofiira. Masambawa ndi okongola komanso okongola, mpaka masentimita 8 mu msinkhu. Amamera mu June, ndipo mbewu zimakonzedwa ndi July. Pambuyo pa zaka 2-3 za kukula, paniculate fescue amapanga lalikulu matabwa m'nkhalango. Amakula mwangwiro pansi pa dzuwa, komanso samazengereza malo ochepa ochepa.
Zimabweretsa kusiyana kwa akulu akulu kumayambiriro kwa autumn kapena kasupe. Pambuyo pachisanu, masamba ambiri amafa ndipo amayenera kuchotsedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Amayambanso kukula ngakhale kutentha. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga.
Nkhosa zimapulumuka
Mu chilengedwe, imakula mu Ukraine ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Chomera chosasunthika chokhala ndi chochepa, chamtundu wapamwamba chimayambira. Masamba ndi ochimwa, otalika, owonda komanso osowa. Nthikiti imakhala yochepa, yosasunthika, ndi nthambi zotayika. Spikelets wa mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo ndi mabedi akuluakulu a maluwa, njira ndi pafupi ndi madzi. Kufesa udzu ndi ntchito ya nkhosa yopuma. Amakula bwino pamtunda wouma, mchenga komanso wouma. Ndi feteleza awo amapanga chophimba chobiriwira cha udzu, chomwe chimalowa mozama mu nthaka. Amagwiritsidwa bwino pamtunda wouma. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamtunda wouma. Nkhosa zimatulutsa phokoso lolemerera kwambiri ndipo limakwera mpaka masentimita 3.5. Limakula bwino mumthunzi wa pini ndi pansi pa mitengo ya pine. Pamtunda wouma mchenga, wofiira amatha kukhala mnzake. Amapanga chophimba chachilengedwe chodabwitsa ndi zotsatira zake.
Squat amasunga
Ochepa kwambiri oimira katlingami wamng'ono. Ili ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri, koma zomera zimawoneka mwachidwi komanso mwachidwi pakati pa miyalayi. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, chimatuluka ndi timake tating'onoting'ono ta maluwa. Kufikira kumapeto kwa autumn, mukhoza kuyamikira silvery bluish inflorescences a squat fescue. Amafalitsa ndi magawano ndi mbewu.
Siberia Fescue
Chomera chimakula m'chilengedwe ku Siberia, Manchuria ndi Mongolia pamtunda, miyala ndi nthawi zina pamchenga. Siberia Fescue ndi dioecious chomera ndi mdima wofiira mphukira. Panicle pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndi nthambi zovuta. Spikelet mamba ali pafupifupi kwathunthu ndipo amasiyana kwambiri ndi masikelo apansi. Zomalizazi zimaphimbidwa panja kunja ndi zitsulo zazing'ono ndipo zimaloza pamwamba. Ovary pamwamba ndi wandiweyani. Nkhonozi ndi zaulere, zimachokera kumbali yachonde, ndi zilonda zautali.
Grey Fescue (Calle)
Dziko lakwawo ndi Kum'mawa ndi Central Europe, Baltic States, Western Ukraine, Urals ndi Caucasus. Uwu ndi udzu wochepa wosatha ndi masamba a buluu. Zomwe zimapanga makatani obiriwira mpaka masentimita 60. Masambawa ndi opapatiza, amtundu wapatali kuchokera ku gray-green mpaka ku buluu. Pambuyo maluwa a inflorescences akhale ofiira. Nthawi yamaluwa mu June ndi July. Anabzala imvi kapena buluu pamtunda wouma kapena pena. Iye amabweretsa chitsitsimutso mu zolemba za ziwembu. Ndiwotchedwa heat shrub, imakula makamaka mu dothi la mchenga ndi humus ndi bwino kukonza ndi kuzindikira. Akukonda dzuwa. Amanyamula laimu m'nthaka. Pambuyo pa zaka 4, mbewuyo iyenera kugawidwa. Kujambula masamba anali odzaza kwambiri, masamba amafunika kuikidwa patatha zaka ziwiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwala kwa buluu kumapuma kwambiri. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chivundikiro cha pansi, koma kusunga fodya kumawoneka bwino komanso mofanana ndi kovuta. Zikuwoneka bwino pazithunzi za alpine ndikukula pa nthaka yosauka ndi youma.
Calle fescue ndi olemera m'mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu imasiyana mosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala kosavuta. Ena a iwo ali achilubu, ena amakhala ambuli. Kusiyananso pa msinkhu.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa ali ndi luso lapadera la kayendedwe ka nthawi. Mu 1720, Carl Linnaeus adalenga maola oyambirira a dziko lonse ku Switzerland.
