Pakalipano, zomera zambiri zowonongeka zayamba kuonekera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale munda wamaluwa, mpanda kapena munda wodabwitsa kwambiri. Choncho m'madera athu anayamba kukula kwa mpendadzuwa wa Mexico, dichondra, penstemon ndi zomera zina. Koma mmodzi mwa osiyana kwambiri omwe amaimira gululi ndi Eucomis.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mbalame yodzichepetsa, yomwe imakonda kutentha, yomwe imakula bwino m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu. Wachibale wa banja la Asparagaceae, okondweretsa ife ndi zambiri za inflorescences ndi kukongola kwakukulu.
Mananawa ndi katsamba kosatha, kamene kamakula kawirikawiri monga chomera kapena munda wamaluwa. Iwo amawoneka ngati chomera cha herbaceous. Imakula mpaka mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Mababu a maluwa okongolawa ndi aakulu (kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 masentimita), ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid okhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mizu ikukula mofulumira, yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa mukadzala duwa, makamaka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mphika kapena mphika.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula Eucomis ngati chophimba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphika ndi mabowo ndipo musaiwale za ngalande. Ngati simukutsatira zofunikirazi, pali phokoso la chinyezi, zomwe zingayambitse kuvunda kwa babu.
Masamba amakula kuchokera ku babu ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati riboni. Iwo amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette. Kukhudza kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa. Masamba ena ali ndi mawanga ofiira. Kutalika kwa masamba kumatha kufika masentimita 60. 
Poyamba nyengo ya chilimwe pakati pa babu imayamba kupanga mphuno yamphamvu ya peduncle, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Tsinde ngatilo likhoza kufika mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Pamalo ake otchedwa inflorescences omwe amakhala ndi maluwa omwe amaoneka ngati nyenyezi. Mafuta amatha mtundu wosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera, zonona kapena zofiira. Mu mitundu ina ya inflorescences ikhoza kuphatikiza zosiyana.
Dzidziwitse ndi kulima mababu ena: ma tulips, hyacinths, maluwa, daffodils, chifuwa, allium, crocuses, autumn crocus, gladioli.
Pamwamba pa peduncle, kapu imapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amafanana ndi masamba. Ndichidziwikiritso cha maluwa omwe adatcha dzina lachiwiri lakuti "Chinanazi Lily". Nthawi ya maluwa ambiri a Eucomis imagwa pa June-July. Komabe, pali mitundu yochepa yomwe imatha kuphulika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa September.
Pamene inflorescence ikufalikira, mazira amtundu wapadziko lonse amapangidwa, kumene mabokosi a mbewu amapangidwira. Mbewu ndi yakuda kapena yofiira. Amasonkhanitsidwa kuti apitirize kuberekanso Eucomis. Ngati mumapanga zinthu zabwino ndikukonzekera bwino nthano ya chinanazi kuchokera ku mbewu, kenaka patatha zaka zitatu mukhoza kusangalala ndi maluwa okongola. 
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Eukomis homeland ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Africa. Maluwa amenewa anabwera ku Ulaya kokha mu 1788. M'chaka chino adalandira dzina lake la sayansi kuchokera kwa katswiri wa botani Charles-Louis Periere de Bruthel. Dzina lakuti "Eucomis" kapena "Eucomis" lomasulira kuchokera ku Chigiriki chakale limatanthauza "mphepo yamkuntho" kapena "tsitsi labwino." Kwa anthu, maluwa amenewa amadziwika kuti "mandimu" kapena "kakombo".
Mukudziwa? Zovuta sizimagwirizanitsa ndi banja la Aspagus komanso banja la Liliev (kapena ngakhale Hyacinths).
Eucomis yochuluka kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kumwera kwa Africa, komanso m'nkhalango za ku South America. M'dziko lathu, imakula bwino pamtunda komanso mumphika. Komabe, kakombo ka tuft sungathe kuthera nyengo yozizira, choncho, ndikofunika kuikanso mu mphika nthawi iliyonse yophukira, ndikuimabzala kumapeto.
Mitundu yotchuka ya Eucomis
Maluwa awa ali ndi mitundu 14 ndi hybridi. Mwa izi, zofala kwambiri ndi izi:
- dotted (punctata) ndi woimira wotchuka kwambiri wa chikhalidwe ichi. Kutalika, kumakula kufika mamita 1.5, maluwa osiyanasiyana amasonkhanitsidwa pamtambo wobiriwira. M'munsi mwa masambawo muli ndi ziboliboli, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi ofanana;
- redbody (purpureicaulis) - Zosiyanasiyanazi zimadula masamba, tsinde lofiira kapena lofiirira. Mbalame yomweyo ya maluwa, koma ndi yobiriwira;
- sungani - ma inflorescences ake amafanana kwambiri ndi chinanazi chipatso, amakhala ndi masamba aakulu ndi mawonekedwe ngati lamba. Mu inflorescence mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 50 maluwa ndi maluwa ambiri obiriwira;
- autumn (autumnalis) - mmodzi mwa omwe amaimira maluwa a chinanazi (mpaka 30 cm). Nthaŵi ya maluwa mu zosiyanasiyanazi ndizocheperapo kuposa za achibale ena (pafupi ndi kugwa). Maluwa ndi oyera, kirimu. Chinthu chosiyana ndichonso kumatha kulekerera tizilombo tochepa;
- bicolor ali ndi zokongola kwambiri. Mtsinje umakula kufika mamita 1.5 ndipo umakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Maluwa amaphatikizanso mtundu wobiriwira wokhala wofiirira;
- Pole Evans (Pole-evansii) - izi zimasiyana pakati pa abale ake ndi mitundu yobiriwira;
- crested (comosa) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'mbali zathu. Amatha kufika mamita 1 m'litali, ndipo kutalika kwa inflorescences ndi masentimita 30. Maluwa ali mitundu itatu: pinki, wofiirira ndi wobiriwira. Mukayang'ana maluwa ochokera kutali, maluwa okongola ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi lilac;
- Kuwala kwa Burgundy ali ndi maluwa ndi pinki kapena burgundy mtundu, ndipo masamba ali ndi chofiira chofiira.
Mukudziwa? Woimira wokongola kwambiri wa Eucomis malinga ndi malingaliro a mabotolo a America ndi wamaluwa ndi Eucomis pallidiflora. Anatenga malo ake olemekezeka mndandanda wa zamasamba zokongola kwambiri za ku America.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Mtengo wa chikhalidwe ichi ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yake yokongola ndi yachilendo, komanso kuyang'ana kwachilendo, komwe kumatha kukongoletsa malo alionse. Kubzala chinanazi pamapangidwe kapena miphika yokongoletsera. Ngati chobzala pamalo otseguka, m'pofunika kukumbukira zozizwitsa za nyengo yozizira yotchedwa Eukomisa.
M'maonekedwe a dziko ndibwino kuligwiritsira ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mitundu yodabwitsa komanso yosavuta kuphatikizapo maluwa okongola ndi maluwa aatali, ikhoza kukongoletsa udzu wobiriwira kapena kupereka maluwa oyambirira a maluwa. 
Ngati Eucomis imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera m'munda wamwala, ndiye kuti zobiriwira zake zidzakuthandizira kutsindika kukongola kwa miyalayi. Maluwa awa amagwirizana bwino ndi conifers kapena chivundikiro chobiriwira zomera. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi gerbera, alissum, lobelia kapena geyher.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire malo a dacha.
Kukula ndi kusamalira mbewu
Kuti muzisangalala ndi kukongola kwa maluwa a chinanazi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri zomwe zilipo. Ndipotu kukongola kwakukulu sikusinthidwa ndi nyengo yathu.
Zomwe amangidwa
Babu la kakombo la Khokholkov likuwoneka mofanana ndi gladiolus. Mkati mwake, pafupifupi masentimita 5-8. Kufika kwa Eucomis kungayambike mu March kapena April. Pakuti chodzala gwiritsani ntchito mphika kapena mphika. Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala babu imodzi mu chidebe. Kumadera akum'mwera a dzikoli, mababu a maluwa awa akhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda, koma ndibwino kuti muchite zimenezi pamene dziko lapansi likutentha, (kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May). Mukamabzala, nsonga ya babu iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula Eucomis muzinthu za chipinda, m'pofunikira kusankha poto kapena mphika wokwanira, popeza mizu ya mbeu imakula mofulumira kwambiri.
Kuchokera ku babu kumakula rosette wa masamba, ndiyeno pali lalikulu ndi wamphamvu maluwa mvi. Pa izo amapangidwa inflorescences omwe ali ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a chinanazi. Inflorescence ili ndi maluwa ambiri mwa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nyenyezi. Maluwa pang'onopang'ono amamera pamwamba. Mtundu wa maluwa umadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Eucomis. Mtsinje wonyamula maluwa kuchokera pamwamba umakhala ndi ndondomeko ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa bracts, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi masamba. 
Panthawi yamaluwa ambiri, zomera zimasowa dzuwa, kutentha ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kumanga kakomera malo, ndibwino kusankha malo a dzuwa, koma kutentha kwakukulu amafunikira penumbra, yomwe imateteza ku zochitika zowopsya. Mukasankha kukula maluwa kunyumba, kenaka ikani pawindo lakumwera.
Komabe, monga nthumwi zachilengedwe, Eukomis sakonda ma drafts, choncho samusankhire bwino. Komanso nkofunika kuteteza lilyapple lily kuchokera mu chinyezi.
Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri ya dziko.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya Eucomis imatenga miyezi 2-2.5. Nthaŵi zambiri, nthawi yamaluwa ambiri imakhala mu June-July. Mdima wowala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono umamwalira, koma panthawi yomweyi chomeracho sichitha kukongola kwake. Pa yaitali phesi zipse mbewu mabokosi. Pambuyo pa kucha kwa mbewu, chomeracho chimasunthira ku malo opuma. Pokonzekera duwa la nyengo yozizira, mbeu iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa, masamba ayenera kudulidwa, ndipo babu ayenera kukumba (ngati chomeracho chinamera kuthengo) kapena kuika mphika m'chipinda chomwe Eucomis chidzatetezedwa ku chisanu.
Njira yabwino yowonjezeramo nyengo ya Eucomis ndi phukusi lokhazikika lomwe palibe malo. Ngati mutasiya babu mu mphika firiji, mandimu ya chinanazi idzakhala ndi nthawi yabwino yopuma, pomwe mwezi wa March ziphuphu zatsopano ndi mphukira zidzayamba kuonekera.
Pafupifupi, moyo wa Eucomis ndi zaka 4-5.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Nthaka yabwino ndi osakaniza nthaka, mchenga ndi humus. Chiŵerengero cha zigawo zonse za chisakanizo chiyenera kukhala 1: 1. Pamene mababuwo amaikidwa mu nthaka, chiŵerengerocho chimasintha ndipo chimapanga magawo atatu a nthaka ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wonyezimira ndi peat (kapena humus). Analoledwanso kusakaniza nthaka kuchokera kumunda ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 4: 1. Udzu wa asidi ukhale 5.6-7.4 pH.
Pakukula, kukongola kwakukulu sikungakhoze kupanda popanda feteleza. Ndikofunika kuyamba kufesa feteleza Eukomis panthawi ya mpangidwe wa mphukira kapena pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba asanu ndi awiri oyambirira. Ankadyetsa nthawi 1 masabata awiri. Manyowa amapangidwa nthawi zonse m'nyengo yamaluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza kwa Eucomis, m'pofunikira kusankha feteleza mosamala, popeza sichilola nayitrogeni (ingayambitse matenda a babu).
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mutabzala mababu ndipo mpaka masamba oyambirira awoneka, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa. Pang'onopang'ono imakula ndi maonekedwe a maluwa. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, Eucomis imafuna madzi ambiri. M'chilimwe, nthaka ikhale nthawi zonse yonyowa. Ndikoyenera kuthirira madzi okha otentha (osati kuchokera ku chitsime). 
Nthenda ya chinanazi ikasiya kuphulika, kuthirira kuchepa, ndipo mu September imasiya palimodzi. Kuthirira kumathandizanso kuoneka ngati masamba a chikasu. Iyi ndi gawo loyamba la kukonzekera hibernation.
Eucomis amakonda kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi (80%) kapena osachepera (50-70%). Mphika wokhala ndi maluwa achilendo ndi bwino kuika mu thireyi ndi dothi lonyowa. Iye amatha kusintha zinthu zovuta, koma sangakhale omasuka.
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Evkomis amakonda nyengo yozizira ndipo amakula bwino pa kutentha kuchokera ku +20 mpaka + madigiri 25. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, ikhoza kulekerera kutentha bwino mpaka madigiri +5 okha ngati bulbu ya maluwa ili pamwamba pa mphika. Ngati babu akuchotsedwa pansi, ndiye kuti nthawi yonseyo ayenera kukhala m'firiji pa kutentha kwa madigiri 10 °.
Kubala zipatso
Pakukula, Eukomis ikhoza kuchulukana m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi vegetatively. Tiyeni tione njira izi mwatsatanetsatane.
Mbewu
Njira yobala yoberekera mnyumbamo pafupifupi pafupifupi malo osankhidwa. Zimangokhala kuswana, pambali pake, chinanazi kakombo chidzakula pachimake kwa zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Mbewu imasankhidwa ndi obereketsa pambuyo pa kutha kwa maluwa (mu September). 
Pambuyo kukolola, nyembazo zimabzalidwa mofulumira m'nthaka yokhala ndi michere, popeza nthawi yosungirako zowonjezera zimakhala zochepa. Pamene mukukula Eucomis ku mbeu, n'zotheka kupeza maluwa atsopano, omwe amasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi. Kusamalira mbewu zowonongeka ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chomera chachikulu.
Zamasamba
Njira yowonjezera yobereka ya kakombo ya cholereum, popeza kuti kumera kwa kumera kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo chomera chidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndi wopereka maluwa. Kwa kubereka kwa Eucomis mu nthawi ya kukula kwakukulu, makanda amapangidwa pa babu. Komabe, ndi bwino kupatulira ana kuchokera ku babu nthawi yopuma. Ndi njira iyi yobalera zinthu zonse za duwa zimapulumutsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo polekanitsa njira kuchokera ku babu babu, perekani malo olekanitsa ndi makala opaka mafuta. Izi zimateteza maluwa kuchokera ku fungal spores.
Kakombo kakang'ono kameneka kamatha kuwonjezereka ndi cuttings. Kuti muchite izi, pezani tsamba kuchokera pansi pa babu. Amagawidwa m'magulu a masentimita asanu 5. Kukula kumagwiritsa ntchito mphika. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zosakaniza mchenga ndi peat kwa akuya masentimita 2.5.
Mphika ndi cuttings uli ndi filimu ndipo amasungidwa m'chipindacho ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20, ndipo kuunika kukuyenera kusokonezedwa. Kawirikawiri pa sabata nkofunikira kutulutsa ndi kuthirira nthaka pang'ono. Pakadutsa miyezi 2-2.5, anyezi amapangidwa pansi pa kudula. Anyezi otere akhoza kubzalidwa m'magawo osiyana.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe mlimi angayang'anire nayo ndi kuvunda kwa babu. Kupeŵa zoterezi kungakhale ndi kusungidwa bwino kwa Eukomika panthawi yopumula. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, nkofunikira kutsata malamulo a kuthirira, kupewa mvula yambiri.
Kusungirako bwino kwa maluwa achilendo m'nyengo yozizira kumasonyeza kuti zikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo overwintering mababu mu mphika, omwe amasungidwa pa otsika kutentha (+ 5-10 madigiri). Pankhaniyi, kusamba kwa maluwa kulibe. Njira yachiwiri ikuphatikizapo kukumba anyezi kuchokera pansi. Pambuyo pake amatsukidwa ku mizu youma. Babu la Eucomis limasungidwa mu firiji, pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena thumba la pulasitiki. 
Mazira a Eukomis pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira Pamene akukula, wamaluwa akhoza kukhala ndi chikasu choyambirira komanso akufa. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mukaona kuti mandimu yanu imayamba kuphuka, muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira. Ndiyeneranso kukumba anyezi ndikuyang'ana kuti ukhalepo. Pozindikira malo ovunda, ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Tikukulangizani kuti mupeze momwe mungamere zomera zosowa mu dacha: callistemon, kabuku, hymenocallis, strelitzia.
Chinthu chinanso chokhumudwitsa pakukula kwa Eucomis chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi maluwa osakayika. Ngati nthawi ya maluwa yafika, ndipo mbewuyo siinatulutse maluwa okwera maluwa, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kutentha kozungulira kapena kusowa kwauni.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Eucomis imaonekera kwa tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mealybugs, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi whiteflies. N'zotheka kuchotsa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tikamagwiritsa ntchito sopo kapena madzi apadera omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.
Babu ikhoza kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuthirira kapena kusagwirizana ndi zosungirako. Choncho, Eucomis amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera osati pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha panthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso nthawi zina zonse. 
Manyowa a kakombo ndi osasamala omwe angakongoletse malo alionse. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Eucomis m'kukonzekera kwa malo kumakupatsani inu kutsindika kukongola kwa ngakhale malo osayang'anitsitsa kwambiri. M'mbali yathu, maluŵa osasamala sakusowa chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti icho chikhale chokwera ngakhale kwa mlimi wamkulu.
Zotsatira za kulima
