Munda wa Azalea - kulima kwakunja ndi chisamaliro

Azalea (Azalea) - mitundu yokongola komanso yokongoletsa yazomera zomwe zimasanduliza dera lililonse kukhala malo owoneka bwino. Azalea polima dimba ayamba kutchuka. Botanists akupitiliza kupanga mitundu yatsopano yophatikiza.

Munda wa Azalea - ndi maluwa otani, ndi a banja lake

Azalea shrub ndi wachikale wochokera kubanja la Heather ochokera ku China, Japan ndi North America. Pali mitundu yambiri m'malo achilengedwe. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, mbewuyi idawonedwa kuti ndi yoyenera kukula m'miphika ndi malo obiriwira. Zitsamba zokulima panja ndizodziwika pano.

Munda wa Azalea

Kutalika kwa azalea kumatha kutalika kuyambira 30cm mpaka 3m. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amlitali amapezeka pamtundu wochepa thupi wokutidwa ndi makungwa owala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescence: yoyera, yapinki, yachikaso, yofiirira, yofiyira kapena ya lalanje.

Mbiri yosankha

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, Captain Velbek adatha kubweretsa chitsamba chamaluwa chamalu kuchokera ku India ndikuchichotsa kupita ku munda wazipatso pafupi ndi London. Mitunduyi idakhala kholo la mitundu yonse yopangidwa ndi asayansi chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ku Russia, zikhalidwe zoyambirira za shrub zinali m'minda yazomera. Pambuyo pake, obereketsa ndi osokoneza bongo adabereka mitundu yoposa 12,000 mitundu yonseyi.

Mitundu yotchuka yolimba yozizira, kufotokoza kwawo

Alimi a maluwa aku Russia amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba zomwe zimakhala zolimba nthawi yachisanu komanso inflorescence zazikuluzosiyanasiyana. Mitundu wamba yamnyengo yozizira:

• Chanel
• Freya
• Klondike;
• Tunisia
• Sonya
• Nyali Zagolide;
• Dzuwa lowala;
• Bright Orange Gibraltar.

Mitundu yambiri yowola imadziwika ndi kukana chisanu mukamazizira mpaka -26 ℃. Zitsamba zonse zikukula pang'onopang'ono, kufikira kutalika kwake patatha zaka 10 zokha.

Mitundu yotsika kwambiri ndi Golden Sunset ndi Gibraltar, yomwe imakhala kutalika kosaposa mita 1. Oyimilira ena amtunduwo amakula m'mwamba kuchokera ku 1.4 m mpaka 2m masamba.Masamba ndi maolivi mpaka wobiriwira wakuda, amasintha mtundu kukhala wofiira-lalanje nthawi yophukira. Ma inflorescences amatha kukhala onse a monochromatic, ndikulowetsedwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri. Azalea wokongola amakonda malo owotcha dzuwa ndi mthunzi wocheperako, kuvala pamtunda wapamwamba komanso chinyezi chambiri.

Azalea Gibraltar

Kubzala ndi kusamalira azaleas a m'munda momasuka

Shrub azalea amakonda kumera panthaka zokhala ndi acid komanso mchenga. Pakukula kwathunthu kwa chitsamba chamuyaya mdziko muno, acidity ya dothi imasungidwa pamlingo wa 4.0-4,5 pH.

Japan Azalea: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Mbande za Azalea zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe musanayambe kayendedwe ka madzi kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe kuzizira.

Malo oyenera kubzala ndikofunika kuti azisamalira azisamalira m'munda. Iyenera kukhala malo owala ndi dzuwa. Patsamba lomwe mwasankhalo, ikani dzenje mu kukula kwa mizu. Azalea mumsewu amachotsedwa mumphika wonyamula limodzi ndi mtanda wa dongo ndikuyika pakati pa dzenjelo, mizu imakutidwa ndi gawo lapansi kuchokera pamwamba.

Kutsirira kumathandiza kwambiri posamalira zitsamba zaku Japan. Azalea amafunika madzi ambiri (mpaka malita 20 pa chomera chilichonse chachikulire). Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyezi m'nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba, kupewa kuti ziume. Masana, chitsamba chimapakidwa madzi kuchokera mfuti, ndipo zotengera madzi zimayikidwa pafupi ndi chomeracho.

Mfundo ina yofunika mukamakulitsa azaleas m'munda ndi gawo lovomerezeka. Kuyenera kukhala acidic komanso kupuma. Gawo laling'ono lakonzedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi m'magawo ofanana:

• humus;
• mchenga;
• peat;
• tsamba, ma turf ndi coniferous land.

Kudyetsa koyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika patatha milungu itatu mutabzala, lotsatira limachitika pambuyo pa masiku 20. Feteleza aliyense wazomera zokongoletsa maluwa ndi woyenera ngati feteleza.

Kudulira kwa Azalea

Chapakatikati, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika, kumangochotsa zouma ndi matenda. Izi ndichifukwa choti mchaka cham'mera mbewuyi idapanga maluwa. Mapangidwe okongoletsa chitsamba amachitika mu kugwa pambuyo pakutha kwa inflorescence. Zotsatira zake, mphukira zathanzi zokha, zamphamvu zokha zimatsalira, nthambi zonse zowuma ndi mapesi a maluwa owuma amachotsedwa.

Mukamasamalira bwino chomera, pakatha zaka 2-3 chitha kutulutsa maluwa. Ambiri olima maluwa amawona azalea ngati chomera chamtengo wapatali ndipo safuna kuchita nawo ntchito yokongola ngati chitsamba cha ku Japan.

Care Azalea Zima

Kusamalira azaleas nthawi yachisanu ndikofunikira monga nyengo zina. Nthawi zambiri amakonda zitsamba zowongolera chisanu, koma mitundu yovutikira kwambiri imafunikira malo othawirako kwa agrofiber, padenga imakhala, mafelemu. Chapakatikati amachotsedwa.

Zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimanyowa, mutatha kuthirira kuzungulira tchire zimayala gawo la kompositi kuchokera ku makungwa a paini, peat ndi masamba oak. Njira ya agrotechnical imeneyi imateteza mizu kuti isazime komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.

Zomera zamaluwa oyenda maluwa

Kutengera ndi nyengo ya maluwa, mitundu yonse ya azaleas wamunda akhoza kukhala amitundu itatu:

• maluwa oyamba (maluwa oyamba amawonekera mu Disembala);
• maluwa apakatikati (mawonekedwe a maluwa amapezeka mu February);
• kutulutsa mochedwa (maluwa akuwonekera mu Epulo).

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chomera chaching'ono chimamasula kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso malo abwino, njirayi imatenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri.

Maluwa a Azalea ndi a tubular kapena lathyathyathya, amtundu umodzi kapena mamaso awiri. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndi fungo labwino. Mitundu 4 yayikulu ya maluwa imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe:

1. Zosavuta (pamiyala ya 5-6).
2. Terry (kuchuluka kwa ma petals ndi kosiyana, ena amapangidwa kuchokera ku stamens).
3. "Duwa losavuta" la maluwa (10-12 pamakhala, kapu yopanga miyala).
4. Terry "duwa la maluwa" (30 kapena kuposa pamakhala).

Azalea Inflorescences

Njira zofotokozera maluwa

Zitsamba zokongoletsera zimafalitsidwa m'njira zingapo: mbewu, kudula, kugawa (kugawa chitsamba). Njira yambewu sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa maluwa otaya amayembekeza nthawi yayitali. Kudula ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri yomwe imatenga miyezi 1.5-4. Pangani kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Njira yosavuta yofalitsira mbewuyo ndi kupaka magawo pomwe mphukira zokhazikitsidwa zimayandikitsidwa pafupi ndi nthaka momwe zingathere ndikukonkhedwa ndi dothi. Atazika mizu, amapatukana. Imachitika bwino kwambiri mu April, musanayambike madzi.

Kufalitsa mwa kuyala

Mavuto akukula, matenda ndi tizirombo

Munda wa Azalea umatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi ndi tizirombo mosasamala. Matenda ofala kwambiri pach chitsamba ndi kuwola, dzimbiri, kudera kwamasamba. Polimbana ndi matenda, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides kapena sulfate yamkuwa kumathandiza.

Nthawi zina amalima maluwa amakumana ndi chozizwitsa monga kupanda maluwa. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:

• acidity yolakwika ya nthaka;
• kusowa kwa yozungulira;
• kusowa kwa chinyezi;
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya;
• kuchepa kapena zochulukirapo za feteleza.

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi

Tchire zokongoletsera zoyambirira zimafuna chisamaliro mosamala. Popanda kuthirira pafupipafupi, adakhumba, koma, ngati zonse zofunika zakwaniritsidwa, azalea amathokoza ndi maluwa ataliatali.