Mapampu ndi chitsamba chowongolera kapena mtengo wotsika kuchokera ku banja la Sumakhov. Amamera m'malo otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Chomera chimapezeka pansi pa dzina la "mtengo wachikopa", "yolk", "mtengo wofuka", "chitsamba chosuta." Ndi chingwe chokongoletsera bwino chomwe chili ndi zobiriwira zakuda kapena masamba ofiira ofiira komanso mawonekedwe amtambo. M'mayiko ambiri, scumbia imalimidwa pamlingo waukulu, osati kungolima, komanso utoto, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa minofu ndi khungu.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mackerel ndi shrub kapena mtengo wokhala ndi korona yofalikira 1.5-5 m kutalika komanso mpaka 1.5 m.Dongosolo lake la moyo ndi zaka 45-100. Mphukira za nthambi yobzalira pansi ndipo zimakutidwa ndi khungubwi wobiriira kapena imvi, yomwe imatuluka ndi mbale zowonda pomwe imakalamba. Ngati zowonongeka, mandala amadzimadzi amatulutsidwa.
Korona wandiweyani wa Shirokooovalny amakhala ndi masamba ozungulira kapena ozungulira pa petioles lalitali. Amakulanso. Pulogalamu yonyezimira imakhala ndi m'mbali zolimba kapena zopindika pang'ono. Kutalika kwa masambawo ndi masentimita 5-8. Amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, womwe m'dzinja amasintha kukhala wachikasu, lalanje, kapezi kapena papo.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, nthambi za chaka chatha zimamera maluwa ambiri mpaka 30 cm. Zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira ndipo zimakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala yazifupi yomwe ili ndi chikumbutso komanso gulu lambiri lalitali. Maluwa ofota amalowedwa m'malo ndi maluwa otalala, omwe amakula ngakhale maluwa atamaliza. Zotsatira zake, chitsamba chonse chimakutidwa ndi mitambo yoyala ya pinki, yomwe imawoneka yokongoletsa kwambiri. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, zipatso zazing'ono zimacha - oblong drupes. Amakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda kwambiri ndipo alibe zamkati.
Mitundu ya Skumpy
Okwanira, mitundu 7 yasungidwa mu mtundu Skumpiya, koma ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Akalimi adabzala mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera yomwe siyidzasiya wamaluwa kukhala wopanda chidwi.
Chikopa mackerel (wamba). Chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa ndi nthaka chokhazikitsidwa ndi 1.5-3 m chimapanga korona wowona. Mphukira zimakutidwa ndi bulau la screy bark. Zimayambira wazaka chimodzi zimakhala zobiriwira kapena zofiira. Pamaso masamba owongoka, mawonekedwe a mitsempha amawonekera. Mu Meyi-Juni, inflorescence imachita maluwa ochepa maluwa okongola, opakidwa utoto wachikasu kapena utoto. Maluwa atafota, thukuta lodukirako limakulitsidwa ndikupeza utoto wofiirira. Zipatso zimacha mwachangu kwa iwo - yaying'ono ya obovate drupes popanda zamkati. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Mkazi wachichepere - shrub wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino obiriwira okulira 1.5-5 m kutalika, inflorescence yake imatembenukira zobiriwira, kenako ndikutembenuka kirimu ndi pinki;
- Royal Purple ndi chitsamba chotsika, chomwe chimamera pang'onopang'ono chokhala ndi korona wozungulira komanso masamba akuluakulu omwe adapangidwa kale ndi utoto wonyezimira chilimwe, ndipo pakugwa kwake kumakhala kutulutsa maluwa obiriwira;
- Rubifolius ndi mtundu wokonda kutentha wautali wa 3-5 m wokhala ndi masamba owola a lilac;
- Chisomo - thukuta lomwe limakula mwachangu pakati pa 3-5 m limasungunula masamba ofunda owoneka bwino, opentedwa mchilimwe muutoto ndi m'dzinja lofiirira.
American mumps (obovate). Mtengo wophuka mpaka 5 m kutalika umakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino mpaka 12 cm.Mwezi wa June-Julayi umakutidwa ndi masamba ambiri osachedwa, koma okongoletsa kwambiri inflorescence. Zomera zimakana kukana chisanu.
Kuswana
Mackerel chofalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively. Mbewu ziyenera kukonzekera kufesa. Kuti muchite izi, zimayamba kuchepetsedwa ndi kumizidwa mu yankho la sulfureic kwa mphindi zingapo. Kenako, stratation yozizira imachitika kwa miyezi 2-3 pa kutentha kwa + 3 ... + 5 ° C. Mmodzi amatha kuchita ndi stratization imodzi, koma nthawi yake imakwera mpaka miyezi 6.
Mukatha kukonza, mbewu zimapangidwa kasupe nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, konzani zophukira zozama masentimita 1.5-2. Patatha milungu ingapo, mbande zimatuluka, pafupifupi 50% ya mbewu zimamera. Mbeu zimafunikira chisamaliro chambiri monga kubzala pafupipafupi komanso kuthirira pang'ono.
Pakufalikira kwam'mera, mabulidwe obiriwira ndi magawo akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zodulidwa zokhala ndi masamba 2-3 mu Meyi-Julayi zimadulidwa ndikuwanyowa kwa maola angapo mu yankho la "Kornevin", kenako ndikuzibzala mumtsuko ndi dothi lotayirira ndikufundidwa ndi kapu. Pogona amachotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo condensate amachotsedwa. Thirirani zitsulo kuti muzike mizu mosamala. Mizu yake imadzaonekera pakadutsa masabata atatu, koma pokhapokha zitsamba zodzaza.
Akuluakulu kuchuluka kwa mizu amapereka layering. Kuti muchite izi, mu nthawi ya masika, khungwa la mphukira zotsika limasunthidwa pang'ono ndikukhazikika kunthambi pafupi ndi nthaka. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mizu yolimba imapangidwa, nthambi imatha kudulidwa ndikuwokedwa mosiyana.
Pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, njira zoyambira zimapangidwa pansi pa chomera chachikulire. Chapakatikati kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, amakumbidwa mosamala ndikubzala m'malo okhazikika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Mackerel amabzalidwa m'malo opanda dzuwa popanda kukonzekera ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Kuchepetsa pang'ono masana kumaloledwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndikuthira madzi bwino. Kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka ndikosayenera. Chomera chimakonda dothi losalowerera ndale kapena zamchere, chimamera bwino pamizu ndi pamchenga wamchenga. Limu yosenda amawonjezeredwa kumadothi acidic, pomwe olemerawo amakumbidwa ndi miyala.
Kubzala scoopia kumakonzedwa pakati pa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, kuti mbewu zitha kuzolocha chisanu chisanachitike. Pakukonzekera, amayesa kuti asawononge dziko lapansi. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Mtunda wolimbikitsidwa pakati pa tchire pobzala gulu kuchokera pa 1.5-2 m. Mukamaliza ndi manambala onse, mbande zimathirira madzi ambiri.
Zachidziwikire, skumpiya sangachite popanda kusiya, koma wolima sapereka mavuto ambiri. Kuthirira tchire kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso pakakhala chilala nthawi yayitali. Sakonda nthaka yonyowa kwambiri. Ndi mvula yokhazikika, kuthirira kwina sikofunikira.
Nthaka yokhala ndi chonde chocheperako imakhala yabwino kwa skumpia, choncho safunikira kuphatikiza manyowa nthawi zonse. Ndikokwanira kuti mulch nthaka ndi manyowa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa dothi losauka nthawi 1-2 pachaka, nthaka imadzalidwa ndi feteleza wama mineral. Ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula dziko lapansi kuti tithe kutumphuka kutumphuka pamtunda. Mukadzala, ndikofunikira kuti mulch bwalo lozungulira ndi peat.
Kuti ukhale wokongoletsa, tchire limafunikira kudulira nthawi zonse. Chapakatikati, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika ndipo pouma ndi mphukira zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Tchire zakale zimapangidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, dulani zomerazo pafupifupi m'chaka chonse, kusiya masamba ochepa pafupi ndi nthaka. Posachedwa, mphukira zazing'ono zimapanga chipewa chokongola.
Zambiri nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri imalekeredwa. Poyembekezera nyengo yozizira yopanda chipale chofewa, kukonzekera kumafunikira. Zomera zazing'ono ndi mitundu yokongoletsa yokonda kutentha imakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, ndipo nthaka kumapeto kwa thunthuyo imakutidwa ndi masamba a peat, masamba ndi spruce. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pogona ndikubalalitsa chisanu.
Kupukutira kumatchucha bwino kwambiri komanso kupewa tizirombo. Ndikosowa kwambiri kuti kachikumbu ndi masamba a masamba a sumpida zizikhala pamenepo. Zitha kuwonongedwa mwachangu ndi mankhwala amakono.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Chifukwa cha inflorescence ngati mitambo komanso masamba okongoletsera, scoopia ndi alendo olandiridwa m'munda uliwonse. Mitengo yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabzala m'modzi mkati mwa mundawo kapena kuzungulira mzindawo. Tchire lotsika ndilabwino pakupanga mipanda. Nthawi zina zimabzalidwa m'miyala kapena mu chosakanikirana. Ma inflorescence amatha kuwuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukonza maluwa.
Chomera chimakhala ndi tannin, flavonoids, tannins, mafuta ofunikira komanso ma organic acids. Masamba ndi mphukira amapangidwa. Kunja, decoction mu mawonekedwe a lotions, compress ndi kusamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa khungu, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kuchepetsa pakamwa panu kumachepetsa matenda a chingamu, magazi, ndi periodontitis ndi gingivitis. Mkati, decoction amatengedwa kuti athetse vuto la chibayo, kukhumudwa m'mimba, komanso poyizoni.
