Poyambira kumbali yowonjezera yowonjezera ma rasipiberi mitundu, mtundu wake wakuda umawonekera mwachilendo, chifukwa ndizosavuta kwambiri m'madera akumidzi. Kodi ndinganene kuti, ngakhale kugulitsa sikungatheke kupeza mbande za rasipiberi wakuda "Cumberland", chifukwa chake anthu owerengeka sadziwa za kubzala ndi kusamalira. Komabe, popeza kuti mitunduyi ndi yamtengo wapatali, imakhala yamtengo wapatali komanso imakhala yoyenera kulima mu latitudes, zikutheka kuti padzakhalabe wamaluwa omwe angagwiritse ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi.
Mbiri ya kuswana rasipiberi mitundu "Cumberland"
Mitengo ya rasipiberi ya Cumberland inakhazikitsidwa ku America kumayambiriro kwa 1888, kutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe ichi chaposa zaka 100.
Oyimira chisanu chopanda chisanu cha sukulu ya ku America yobereketsa anabadwa mwa kudutsa raspberries wofiira wofiira ndi masamba, chifukwa chake chomeracho chiri ndi kukoma kokonzedwa ndi kosiyana. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake, komanso mtundu wosadziwika, kuti rasipiberi wakuda wakhala wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ku Ulaya ndi America zaka zonsezi.
Komabe, monga taonera poyamba, "Cumberland" sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'madera a mayiko omwe kale anali mbali ya USSR.
Tsatanetsatane wa Cumberland Raspberry
Anthu ena olima munda amangoona Cumberland wakuda zakuda kuti akhale mabulosi akuda (ali ndi chowongoka chowonekera), koma kuti mutsimikizire kuti izi siziri choncho, zokwanira kuti mudzidziwe ndi kufotokoza kwake. Mzuwu umapangidwira, wamphamvu, umakhala wautali kwambiri, kufika mamita 1.5 mamita.
Black rasipiberi amakonda zokhala ndi dothi lokhala ndi zowonjezera. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti malo oterewa ali pamtunda. Mitengo ya zomera imakhala yosawerengeka, koma minga yamphamvu, komanso imathandizidwa ndi masamba ophwanyika asanu.
Mphukira za Cumberland zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka mamita awiri kapena kuposerapo kuchokera ku thupi lalikulu, ndipo zitsime zawo zimakhala mozama pafupifupi masentimita 20, zomwe zimalola kuti kawirikawiri kukumba popanda mantha kwa mbewu. Komabe rasipiberi imeneyi imalekerera kusintha kwa malo okula bwino, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi miyeso ing'onoing'ono yamasewera. Kusamalira (kuphatikizapo kupanga korona), kumachitika ngati kulima mtundu wina uliwonse wa rasipiberi: mphukira yakale ndi yakufa iyenera kudulidwa.
Kuphulika kwa masamba a rasipiberi wakuda kumagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa wamba, koma Cumberland zosiyanasiyana zimabweranso pambuyo pake: pafupifupi mu August-September. Zipatso zimapangidwa pa mphukira za chaka chatha, ndipo zipatso zoyamba zomwe zimawonekera zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo zotsatila zikukhala zochepa. Amakonda kwambiri komanso amafanana ndi mabulosi akuda.
Ngati mwaganiza kugula Cumberland wakuda rasipiberi wakuda, mutaganiza kuti muyambe kukula pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndiye musankhe nyengo yozizira yozizirachifukwa ali ndi otsika kwambiri kupirira kusiyana ndi raspberries odziwika bwino (ngakhale Cumberland ndi yopindulitsa pa nthawi youma).
Ndikofunikira! Mvula yamvula imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuti izigwiritse ntchito mosiyana ndi mankhwalawa, choncho zomera zimayang'aniratu nthawi zonse kuti zizindikiro za matendawa zichitike. Izi zidzalola nthawi kuyambitsa chithandizo.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa zakuda zakuda ndi zofiira, zomwe zimakhudza kulima kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, mwini munda ayenera kudziwa kuti:
- Cumberland samabala mphukira;
- ali ndi kukana kwabwino kwa chilala;
- zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi sizitsitsimuka pamene zatuluka;
- Angathe kupirira chisanu mpaka -30 ° C;
- Nkhumba zakuda zakuda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi matenda komanso zirombo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa kusiyana ndi mzake wofiira;
- sakusowa chisamaliro chapadera;
- Cumberland chitsamba chimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu.
Mukudziwa? Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa rasipiberi ndi mitundu ya mabulosi akuda kuchokera ku mabulosi akuda ndizo zipatso zokhwima zimachotsedwa mosavuta ku tsinde.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Malingana ndi kufotokoza kwa Cumberland zosiyanasiyana, tinganene kuti kusamalira zakuda zakuda sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti ndibwino kukula ndi "wamaluwa" aulesi.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa ubwino wodziwika (kuthamanga kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, kuchulukitsa kwa zipatso ndi kuyanjana kwawo kwa tsinde, kusowa kwa mizu komanso kusowa kwa pogona m'nyengo yozizira), pali zovuta zomwe ziyeneranso kumvetsera. Mwachitsanzo:
- mafupa a zipatsowo ndi okhwima ndi aakulu kuposa a rasipiberi nthawi zonse;
- Pali zambiri zamphepete pa mphukira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawombera khungu likakolola, chifukwa chake trellis amafunikira trellis kuti apeze zokolola bwino: mwa kuwamangiriza mphukira kwa iwo ngati firimu, mudzatha kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku zitsamba zakuthwa;
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yodalirika ya nthambi, chifukwa mwina mphukira idzakhala yaitali kwambiri, mapeto ake adzagwa pansi ndikukula paliponse.
Mwachidule, Cumberland rasipiberi ali ndi ulimi wake wokhazikika, koma podziwa zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa ndikuwona zofunikira pamwambazi, ndithudi mudzakolola mowolowa manja.
Nthawi ndi kusankha kwa malo obzala rasipiberi mbande
Monga taonera kale, rasipiberi wakuda sagwedezeka mosamala. Idzatha kukula pafupifupi paliponse, ndikukhala ndi msinkhu waukulu wopulumuka.
Komabe, wamaluwa odziwa bwino amadziwa bwino lomwe malo omwe chitsambacho chidzatha kubweretsa zokolola zazikulu.
Kuwonjezera apo, mutabzala Cumberland raspberries, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha mu August, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti nyengo yokula ikuyamba mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti ndi bwino kudzala mu kugwa kuti mukolole msanga. Ngakhale kuti malangiziwa ndi abwino kwambiri kumadera opanda nyengo yotentha kwambiri, monga chomera chaching'ono sichikhoza kukhalabe chimfine.
Kuwonjezera pa malo ndi nthawi yobzala, ndiyeneranso kulingalira oyandikana nawo ndi oyambirira a rasipiberi mu dera losankhidwa. Mgwirizano wopindulitsa kwambiri wa Cumberland zosiyanasiyana amadziwika kuti ndi rasipiberi wofiira, ngakhale kuti ali ndi "wachibale" wapafupi - mabulosi akuda - rasipiberi wakuda sangathe "kugwirizana". Ponena za zomera zomwe zidakonzedweratu, ndizosafunika kwambiri kubzala zosiyanasiyana pambuyo pa mbeu zowonongeka: tomato, eggplant, mbatata. Ndibwino kuti tipewe malo omwe matendawa amatha kufotokozedwa kale.
Malamulo oti mubzala nyemba zakuda zimapereka zogwirizana ndi zofunikira za mtunda pakati pa tchire. Kotero Nkofunika kuti musabzala nawo pafupi, ngakhale kuti sakupanga mphukira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa kutsetsereka kwa landings ndi mavuto onse ofanana (makamaka matenda a fungal).
Ndikofunikira! Mtunda wokwanira pakati pa zomera ndi masentimita 80, ndipo pakati pa mizere ya tchire ndi pafupi mamita awiri. Kugwirizana ndi zofunikirazi kumathandiza kwambiri kusamalira ndi kuthandiza kuthandizira malo a nthambi (sayenera kugwirizana ndi nthaka).
Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, sikutheka kuti tisaganizire kukula kwa nthaka pamalo omwe amasankhidwa ku tchire la Cumberland zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, nthaka yachonde ndi yowala kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zingathandize kupeza zipatso zabwino. Komanso m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti palibe kutaya kwa chinyontho chomwe chimapezeka m'nthaka ya loamy, ndipo imatentha kutentha ndi zomera nthawi yomweyo ndikuonetsetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Rasipiberi "Cumberland" amadziwika ndi bwino mkulu zokolola, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe choyenera kubzala ndi zotsatira zosamalira. Njira yobzala chomera pa malo osatha a kukula ndi awa:
- kwa mbande kukumba maenje kuti akuya 50 cm;
- uwaze ndi humus ndi kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni;
- Rasipiberi mbande zimayikidwa muzitsulo ndipo mopepuka zophimbidwa ndi nthaka poyamba zinkasakaniza ndi zovuta feteleza;
- Obzala raspberries amamwe madzi ambiri, pambuyo pake nthaka pansi pa tchire idzawombera ndi peat, udzu wodulidwa kapena wovunda kompositi (wosanjikiza wa mulch ayenera kukhala masentimita 7).
Ndikofunikira! Popeza Cumberland rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana zimakula kwambiri ndipo zimasintha, chaka chotsatira chitatha kubzala, zimayambira ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku installments trellis. Ndi bwino kupatsa njira yokopa, kuti zikhale zosavuta kutenga zipatso.
Zokhazikika komanso zowonjezereka za rasipiberi wakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makonzedwe a munda, popeza ndizofunikira kupanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.
Malangizo kusamalira wakuda raspberries "Cumberland"
Mosiyana ndi chomera chobiriwira chofiira, rasipiberi wakuda sichimawonekera pambali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti n'zosavuta kuzisamalira (mwina simukuyenera kutchera mosamala mu kasupe, kuchotsani mazira ndi zouma nthambi).
Komabe, kusonkhanitsa bwino kukolola kwa mdima wofiirira waukulu zipatso, ndi kofunikirabe kutsatira malamulo angapo.
Mukudziwa? Ndi kusamala bwino (kutsata boma la kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kudulira) ndi chitsamba chimodzi mukhoza kutenga 7 makilogalamu a zipatso. Zitsamba za Cumberland zimafika pazomwe zimapangidwira zipatso m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira
Chokeberry sakusowa madzi okwanira ngakhale m'chilimwe, zomwe zimatha kupirira mosavuta. Komabe, panthawi ya mapangidwe ndi kucha zipatso pa nthambi (kumapeto kwa June - kumayambiriro kwa July), chinyontho chimakhala ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri, choncho panthawi imeneyi simuyenera kudalira chilala chotsutsana ndi zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi bwino kudzaza tchire ndi madzi okwanira okwanira.
Chitsamba chimodzi chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 malita a madzi tsiku ndi tsiku (chizoloŵezi chokhalira madzi ndi zomera ndi 3-5 malita a madzi kawiri pa sabata). Chifukwa cha ichi, padzakhala zipatso zambiri, ndipo iwo okha adzakhala osiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu. Ponena za mtundu wa ulimi wothirira, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa mosiyana siyana, chifukwa ndizosiyana siyana zomwe mitundu zosiyanasiyana zimakonda.
Nthawi komanso momwe angachitire kavalidwe
Kudyetsa nkhuku za Cumberland nthawi yake ndizofunikira kuti mukolole zochuluka. Zokwanira kuchita katatu pa nyengo: nthawi ya maluwa (kumayambiriro kwa June), kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe omayambiriro (pafupifupi kumapeto kwa June), mutatha kusonkhanitsa gawo loyamba la mbeu. Muyeso ili yonse, manyowa amadzipangidwira ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 6 ndi oyenerera bwino pa feteleza (pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, chiŵerengero chidzakhala chosiyana - 1:15). Chitsamba chimodzi chimafuna 10 malita a osakaniza, pokhapokha mutapatsa feteleza pansi pa chitsamba, nkofunikira kutsanulira madzi ambiri wamba (5 malita).
Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mazira ambiri, raspberries amafunika kudyetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mullein kulowetsedwa kosakaniza ndi superphosphate (50 g) ndi phulusa (1 l). Feteleza amachitikanso pambuyo pa kukhetsa maluwa, nthawi yakucha chipatso komanso pambuyo pokolola.
Mukhoza kudyetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nitrogen mchere feteleza. Amapereka bwino kukula ndi zomera za fruiting.
Garter raspberries pa trellis
Pamene mukukula chokeberry raspberries, trellis ndizofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wamaluwa, chifukwa kukula kwake kumayendetsedwa m'njira yoyenera ndi kuthekera kokonzanso zofunikira.
Ndizotheka kukhazikitsa trellis mwamsanga mutatha kubzala kwa tchire (kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa mzere), atakumba mitengo yamatabwa kapena zitsulo m'mphepete mwa mabedi. Pakati pawo iwo amatambasula mapapu kapena waya pamagulu atatu: woyamba pamtunda wa mamita 0.5 pamwamba pa nthaka, yachiwiri - 1.3 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka, ndi lachitatu - 1.6 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka.
The trellis idzayamba ntchito yake mwachindunji chaka chachiwiri mutatha kuyika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mungathe kukonza tchire ku mipanda yomwe ili pafupi (ngati mitengoyo itabzalidwa pafupi ndi iwo), koma musayiwale kuti pakadali pano, raspberries idzaphuka msanga, yomwe idzayamba kudalira pansi ndi kuphuka mphukira zatsopano. Chotsatira chake, chitsamba chidzawoneka chonyansa.
Mtambo wa Raspiberi Wakuda
Kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amaganizira za momwe angadulire zakuda zakuda, chifukwa kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, osati kuti azikula mobwerezabwereza ndi kubweretsa zokolola zambiri, njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kupanga zidutswa zikuluzikulu ziwiri pachaka: m'chilimwe (kumapeto kwa June) ndi kugwa, isanayambike kuzizira kozizira.
M'nthawi ya chilimwe, ndondomekoyi imachitidwa pofuna kuonjezera zokolola. Pofupikitsa mphukira pa kukula, chaka chotsatira kuchokera kumalo ano mudzapeza nthambi zazing'ono, kupanga mtundu wa fan. Ndi pa iwo omwe mphukira zazing'ono zidzakhala zipatso zabwino. Pamene nyengo yamaluwa imathera (makamaka kumapeto kwa June), muyenera kusankha mphukira zomwe zafika mamita awiri ndi kuyika pamwamba (mpaka 30 cm), zomwe zidzathandiza kuti mbali ikhale yolimba.
Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa September mpaka kumapeto kwa theka la mwezi wa October, kudulidwa kwathunthu kwa mphukira zazaka ziwiri kumachitika, kusiya mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekha kuti akule (akhoza kusiya 50 cm). Kawirikawiri, kudula mitengo kumadzulo kumakhala koyendetsedwa bwino, ndi kudula nthambi zowuma ndi zakale (pakubwera kwa kasupe, njira zowonongeka zimabwerezedwa: zikuluzikulu zamtunduwu zimachepetsedwa, zimasiya masamba awiri mpaka asanu payekha). Zimathandiza kukonzekera chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuwonjezera pa kuphuka kumeneku, kugwa kwa chitsamba chilichonse, nthambi zowonongeka, zofooka ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zamphamvu zokha zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu zokha zimakhalabe, zomwe ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo (trellis).
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungakonzekerere raspberries wakuda chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, ndipo kusankha njira ina kumadalira zambiri pa nyengo ya dera linalake. Mwachitsanzo, atapatsidwa kuti Cumberland raspberries amadziwika ndi apamwamba kwambiri a winteriness hardiness ndipo ali ndi vuto lachimake chosatha, mukhoza kuchoka ku tchire womangirizidwa ku trellismwa kuikapo kwachangu aliyense kuthawa. Motero, mphepo kapena chisanu sizikhoza kuwononga tchire.
Ngati nthawi yozizira ndi yozizira imayenera, ndiye Tchire tikhoza kugwada pansi (osati otsika kwambiri) ndipo mu malo awa kukonza nthambi. Chipale chofewa chomwe chidzabzala chomeracho chidzapulumutsa ku chisanu. Pakubwera kutentha koyamba, raspberries amaukanso ndipo amangirizidwa ku trellis, atatha kudula mphukira zoonda ndi zodwala.
Kuwona zonse zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, rasipiberi wakuda idzatenga malo apakati pa tsamba lanu ndipo idzakondwera ndi kukolola kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, panthawi yake kukwaniritsa zonse agrotechnical zofunika, kusamalira chomera sichidzakubweretserani pafupifupi vuto lililonse.
