Kodi mukunyamula mphesa zoyambirira kwa nyumba yanu yachilimwe?
Tayang'anani pa "Kukongola", ali ndi kusakaniza bwino kwa shuga ndi zowonjezera mavitamini, ndipo kukoma ndi koyenera! Mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi"
Mitengo ya mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi" inalengedwa ndi wobadwa wotchuka Yevgeny Pavlovsky.
Mphesa imeneyi ndi ya mitundu ya amateur, popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana siinali yogwiritsidwa ntchito kutsanulira, koma mawonekedwe a zipatso.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana "Mkazi Wokongola" ndi mphesa yomwe imayamba kukwirira kumayambiriro. Mphukira ndi mpesa zimakhwima. Mphesa baka sredneroslye, maluwa - amuna ndi akazi. Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana "Kukongola" ndizopangidwa mowirikiza komanso mizu yozama yomwe imalola kuti imere ndikukula mofulumira.
Mphesa ili ndi zokongola kwambiri ndi zazikulu kwambiri zipatso, zodabwitsa ndi zokopa maonekedwe a mphesa. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi pafupifupi magalamu asanu ndi awiri. Zokongola, zimakhala zochepa, nsonga ndizochepa. Mtundu uli wakuda pinki, nsongazo ndizofiirira. Zipatso za mphesa zimakhala zosangalatsa, zogwirizana, zomwe zimalamulidwa ndi zonunkhira.
Zipatso ndi zokoma, zokometsera. Mapeto amatsitsimutsa, amawalitsa, nthawi zina pali kukoma kokoma. Peel imadyedwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina amatha kupasuka. Mphesa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga juices, zipatso zouma. Mbewu mu zipatso sizingachitike konse.
Mitundu ya mphesa "Kukongola" ili ndi maonekedwe osamveka. Kukaniza kwa mildew ndiyomwe, ndipo kukana chisanu sikukufufuzidwa bwinobwino.
Bunch of
Mitundu ya mitundu ya "Mkazi Wokongola" ndi yokongola, ya sing'anga. Kunenepa kungathe kufika ma magalamu 700. Fomu yawo ndi yaitali komanso yopapatiza.
Pereka
Kulima ndiyomwe, yakhazikika.
Kutseka kwa nthawi
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Wokongola Woman" ndi zosiyanasiyana zipatso oyambirira kucha. Pambuyo masiku 110 kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa mbuto yoyamba ikufalikira, mukhoza kuyamba kukolola.
Maluso
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana "Kukongola" ndi:
I. Kukongoletsa maonekedwe a magulu.
Ii. Mphesa zokongola ndi kukoma kosavuta kwa nutmeg.
Iii. Zabwino kwambiri zamtengo wa zipatso.
Kuipa
Kupitirira mphesa "Kukongola" kumatanthawuza:
I. Kulimbana ndi matenda ena.
Ii. Mu mvula, mphesa zimatha.
Zotsatira zofika
Kalasi "Wokongola Mkazi", monga mitundu ina ya mphesa, imatengedwa kuti ndiwopanga dzuwa ndi wachikondi. Akusowa kutentha kwakukulu. Nthaka iliyonse ili yoyenera mphesa, koma onetsetsani kuti mukusankha chiwembu ndi madzi abwino kwambiri. Nthaka ya acidity ndiyomweyi. Pakuti kubzala mphesa cuttings abwino kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo otsetsereka. Kumpoto, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Krasot iyenera kukula pakhoma kapena khoma.
Musabzale mphesa m'madera momwe mphepo yozizira imayambira.
Chofunika chodzala mphesa ndi mchenga kapena chernozem dothi, mchenga kapena miyala ya gravelly. Ndi pa nthaka izi zomwe mtundu wa zipatso zimatuluka. Malo okhala ndi saline komanso nthaka yamchere sizingagwire ntchito, m'madera omwe pansi pamtunda amafika mamita 1.5 kuchokera pansi.
Asanayambe kubzala ntchito muyenera kukonzekera pansi. Webusaiti ikumba, inachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yamchere. Nthaka imamera ndi manyowa, humus, mavitamini ambiri obereketsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka yosauka.
Mu dzenje lakubzala, kuti mukhale ndi ubwino wa nthaka komanso kuti mukhale ndi aeration, zong'ambika zowakidwa ndi dothi kapena mchenga zimayambitsidwa. M'nthaka, yomwe ili ndi phosphorous, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala dothi kapena chernozems, superphosphates imaphatikizidwa ku dzenje.
Posankha malo okhala ndi mchenga, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ali ndi feteleza pang'ono. Choncho, nayitrogeni imaphatikizidwanso, koma ngalande siyimachokera ku miyala, chifukwa dothi la mchenga liri ndi malo abwino opuma.
Musanabzala mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi" nthaka yamchenga yokhala ndi manyowa kapena humus, mukhoza kupanga peat kapena kompositi. Kuonjezera apo, maenje obzala amakhala ndi feteleza ndi superphosphate kuti apulumuke bwino.
Kuzama mozama
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Mkazi Wokongola" wobzalidwa mozama kuyambira 50 mpaka 60 masentimita kuteteza mizu ku kuzizira. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizozama kwambiri, choncho nthaka imatha msanga, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala chonde, madzi ndi feteleza amachepetsa.
Mukamabzala mmera, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti malo ophatikizira mphesa (ngati alipo) ali pamwamba pa nthaka. Chitsamba cha mphesa chobzala chiyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo, chomwe chinaphatikizidwa pasadakhale mu dzenje, kuthirira ndi zidebe zitatu za madzi pa chitsamba chimodzi, ndi kusungunula nthaka kuti asunge chinyezi.
Mukamabzala mphesa pafupi ndi khoma kapena mpanda, tchire timabzalidwa patali mamita 1.2, ndipo pamalo otseguka ndi mamita 1.5.
Tsiku lofika
Mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi" amayamba kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kasupe usanayambe.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi" ndi wokongola kwambiri komanso wosavuta. Amasowa ulimi wothirira, kusungunuka kwa nthaka, kukhala m'nyengo yozizira, kupanga njira zowonongolera, kuyambitsa mavitamini a feteleza ndi kubereka, chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kuthirira
M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, mphesa nthawi zonse zimathirira madzi. Pa mtambo ndi mvula masiku, mlingo wa kuthirira ndi kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Koma pamene kutentha kunja, kutentha ndi mpweya wouma wa mphesa zimamwetsedwa tsiku lirilonse.
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu iwiri ya madzi okwanira nthawi zonse: madzi otsegula komanso vegetative. Imwani mphesa musanayambe kuphuka, itatha, ndipo pakakula zipatsozo. Kutsirizitsa mitundu yothirira madzi "Wokongola Mkazi" sabata isanayambe kusamba kwa masango.
Mulching
Lembani nthaka yozungulira mipesa. Chochitikachi chimathandiza kusunga chinyontho chopatsa moyo m'nthaka, kuchepetsa kukula kwa udzu, kulimbikitsa njira za nitrification, ndiko kuti, kukulitsa zakudya zowonjezera nayitrogeni zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha zomwe zimathandiza mabakiteriya a nthaka. Mukhoza kusungunula chilichonse: udzu, ndowe, humus. Kuphatikizira kumathandiza kukula kwa mphesa ndi kuonjezera zokolola zake.
Kukulitsa minda yamphesa ndi udzu ayenera kunyalidwa mu malingaliro kuti makoswe, monga mbewa, amawonekera. Pofuna kupewa zochitika zawo, amayamba kumanga misampha kapena kupweteka poizoni.
Kutha
Popeza kuti sitingamvetsetse bwino kusiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Mkazi Wabwino" ku chisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, akulangizidwa kuti azikhalamo, makamaka ngati pali nyengo zopanda chipale chofewa m'deralo. Kudwala pang'ono kumapangidwa kuzungulira mphesa, thunthu lake liri ndi dziko lapansi ndi wosanjikiza wa utuchi, kwinakwake chidebe chimodzi. Udzu umapitirizabe kutentha bwino. Dulani mphesa imakololedwa ndi kumangirizidwa mu mtolo, yomwe imayikidwa mwachangu pansi. Pamwamba pake muli ndi makatoni, makhadi okonzeka m'mabokosi a makeke, maswiti adzakwaniritsanso. Mphepete mwa makatoni ayenera kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi kapena utuchi.
Mphesa yamphesa imachotsedwa chipale chofewa chimasungunuka, koma pasanafike April.
Kudulira
Kudulira mpesa kuli ndi phindu popeza zokolola zapamwamba chaka chilichonse.
• M'chaka chodzala, kumapeto kwa August, nsonga za mphukira zimachotsedwa. Masamba akagwa pa mpesa, masamba 3 kapena 4 otsalawo, onse omwe ali apamwamba amachotsedwa.
• Mu chaka chachiwiri, mu kugwa, 4 mwa mipesa yamphamvu kwambiri amasankhidwa pa mpesa, masamba asanu akutsalira. Zonse zofooka ndi zowuma zimadulidwa.
• M'chaka chachitatu cha kukula kwazomera m'dzinja kutchera mphesa amasiya imodzi mwa mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimadulidwa mu masamba asanu.
Ndi kudulira moyenerera, mpesa wokhala ndi zaka zinayi "wokongola" ayenera kukhala ndi mipesa 4 ya zipatso. Kuwonjezera mphamvu za chitsamba pakuwonjezera chipatso cha mpesa womwewo pa zidutswa zitatu, ndipo panthawi yomweyi ndikofunikira kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mipesa yomwe imachokera ku mizu.
Feteleza
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Kukongola" kumafuna feteleza ndi feteleza. M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mphesa sizikusowa feteleza, chifukwa zimadyetsa zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe zinayambidwa panthawi ya kuika minda yamphesa.
Pa nyengo zosiyana za nyengo yokolola, mphesa zimafuna kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe palikumangirira kolimba kwa mizu, imatulutsa ndi zobiriwira, mphesa zimafuna kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Pakati pa maluwa ndi kucha kwa mphesa, zosiyanasiyana "Mkazi Wokongola" amafunika kuwonjezera phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusakaniza shuga muzitsamba, komanso kumathandizira kuti azitsuka bwino.
Kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu, komanso nthawi yophukira kudula nthaka, zimayambira: manyowa, kompositi kapena peat.
Koma feteleza feteleza, mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi madzi, amapangidwa pachaka. M'chaka, asanachotse pogona pa tchire, ammonium nitrate, superphosphates ndi potashi mchere amayamba. Mphesa amaperekedwanso mwezi umodzi isanayambike maluwa ake, kumapeto kwa May. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito: ammonium nitrate, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere, popeza anali atasungunuka kale m'madzi. Thirani yankho ili mumdima wosazama omwe anakumbidwa pakati pa mizere.
Kalasi "Wokongola Mkazi" amadyetsedwa ndipo isanayambe mphesa zakucha. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira. Pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu mchere ndi superphosphate. Nthaŵi zina mmalo mwa phulusa la phulusa lamchere limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kudyetsa mphesa kumatha kukhala ndi feteleza. Zokongola ndizokhalira, zitosi za mbalame, kompositi, manyowa omwe amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse mupange 1 chidebe cha osakaniza.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya mphesa zoyambirira.
Chitetezo
Mphesa "Wokongola Mkazi" amafunika kuteteza ndi kutetezedwa ku mvula, mildew, gray gray and oidium.
• Misozi
Madonthowa ndi ofunda kwambiri a mphesa. Zida zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna chitetezo, koma, kupatula zotsatira zabwino (kuchotsa tizilombo), zingathe kuvulaza munthu mwa kudya zipatso.
Njira yosavuta komanso yotetezeka yoteteza zomera za mphesa imatengedwa ngati matumba a gauze, omwe ndi ovuta kudzidula. Mabotolo amphongo ndi osavuta kuvala magulu. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zonse zimakhala zolimba.
Mukhoza kukonza ndi misampha ya mavu. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito mtsuko wawung'ono wodzaza ndi madzi, 250 magalamu, omwe muyenera kupasuka shuga, pafupifupi supuni 3. Manyuchi mitsuko amaikidwa pansi pafupi ndi tchire, kukwawa, kulowa mkati, kufa, chifukwa sangathe kubwerera.
• Mildew
Mildew amawonetsedwa ngati mawanga kumtunda kwa tsamba, ndipo amadzazidwa ndi kukhudzana kwa mycelium pansipa. Amafalikira pa masamba, mazira, ndipo amauma ndi kugwa. Kutaya mipesa ya Radomil kapena Amistar.
• Grey kuvunda
Grey kuvunda amavumbulutsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a bowa. Mitundu yonse yobiriwira imakhudzidwa - masamba, bulauni amawonekera. Makamaka kuopsa kwa kuvunda kumawonjezeka nthawi yamvula. Pofuna kuteteza masamba a mphesa pa nyengoyi, amathera mankhwala okwana 3-4, amawapaka ndi fungicides monga Ronilan, Rowral, Sumileks.
• Oidium
Matenda ena owopsa a mphesa ndi oidium. Ndizoopsa panthawi yonse yokula. Awonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe ofunika pa masamba, omwe amakula kukula. Mphesa zimaphimbidwa ndi pachimake, zimayamba kuphulika ndi kuvunda. Mitengo yowonongeka ndi masamba akugwa. Zitsamba zimatulutsidwa ndi fungicides monga Thanos kapena Phindu.
