Alimi ambiri panthawi yogula makina okwera mtengo akudabwa: kodi ndi bwino kusankha makina kapena ndi bwino kupatsa makina osamalidwa? Ganizirani zochitika zapakhomo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso mtengo. Pezani chomwe chiri K-744, chifukwa chomwe chikufunira.
Zakale zachilengedwe mbiri
Mbiri ya thirakita imayamba mu 1924, pamene chomera chotchedwa Red Putilovets (chomwe tsopano chiri chomera cha Kirovsky Zavod) chinayamba kutulutsa matrekita a ku America pansi pa dzina la Fordson-Putilovets. Ndipotu, nthawi imeneyi inali chiyambi cha makampani opanga matakitale a Soviet.
Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi atatu, tinayamba kuyambitsa matrekita a Universal-1 ndi Universal-2. "Kirovs" yoyamba inangowonekera mu 1962, pamene fakitale inayamba kupanga zokolola zaulimi. Zithunzi Z-700 ndi K-700A zinaperekedwa. Njira yachiwiri inali ndi mphamvu zambiri zakutchire. 
Kuwonjezera apo, matrekta oyamba a 50 omwe anasiya chomeracho mu 1963. Mu 1975, mbadwo wachiwiri wa matrekta aulimi adawonekera. Chitsanzo K-701 chinaperekedwa, chomwe chinali kale ndi "mahatchi" 300. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, chomeracho chinapanga mbadwo woyamba wa "antchito a Kirov" omwe ankafunira ntchito zamalonda (K-703).
Njira zamakono komanso zotsika mtengo kwa lero ndi alimi ndi tillers. Pogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito motoblock, mukhoza kukumba ndi kuunjika mbatata, kuchotsa chisanu, kukumba pansi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati mvula.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 80s, matrekta amtundu wachitatu wotchedwa K-701M. Amasiyana mphamvu (335-350 hp).
Mu zaka 10 zokha, mbadwo wa 4 wa matrekta umawonekera. Mitundu ya K-734 ndi K-744, yomwe idali yosiyana kwambiri ndi mphamvu (250 ndi 350 hp), idapangidwa kuti igulitsidwe. Ndi 1995 yomwe ikhoza kuonedwa ngati chaka cha kubadwa kwa mitundu 744. Komanso, patapita zaka zisanu, Baibulo la K-744R linatulutsidwa, lomwe linali la matrekta asanu.
Cholinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Chitsanzo chimenechi ndi makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zoyamba ndi zowonongeka. Amagwira ntchito moyenera ndi maofesi osiyanasiyana ofesa, amatha kugwira ntchito ndi zojambulidwa zosiyanasiyana.
Makinawa amapangidwa kuti agwire ntchito zaulimi zamtundu uliwonse, komanso zogulitsa katundu osiyanasiyana pafupipafupi ndi kutalika. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamalonda kapena mitengo, Zothandiza. Terekita idzaphatikizidwa ndikukonzekera, kukonza madzi ndi kusamba. 
Zitha kuganiza kuti ndife makina ambiri omwe mungathe kupereka ntchito zambiri. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezera ntchito ya thirakitala.
Mukudziwa? Terekita yaing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse ili mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Yerevan. Kutalika kwake ndi 1 masentimita, pamene ikhoza kusuntha pansi pa mphamvu yake.
Zolemba zamakono
Chitsanzo cha talakitachi chimatha kupikisana ndi achibale awo akunja pakutha kwa zida zamakono, mwinanso zosayenera kwa iwo, ndi zomwe zimapambana nazo.
Misa Yambiri ya Misa
Miyeso:
- kutalika kwake - 705 cm;
- kutalika - 369 cm;
- m'lifupi - 286 cm
Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 13.4 matani.
Kuphatikiza kwa njirayi ndi 211 masentimita. Kukula kwake kumakhala masentimita 320.
Video: ndondomeko ya thirakitala K-744
Injini
Makinawa akuyika chitsanzo YMZ-238ND5. Izi ndi zilonda zinayi, 8-cylinder turbocharged injini. Mphamvu yowonjezera ndi 300 "akavalo" kapena 220 kW.
Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yochepa ndipo imakhala yofanana ndi 279 malita. c.
Liwiro la kayendetsedwe ka kanyumba kameneka ndi 1900pm.
Kabichi ndi kuyendetsa
Gululi lili ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri, omwe amapezeka ndi malo apakati pa mpando wa dalaivala (palinso mpando wachiwiri, womwe uli kumanzere). Pali kudzipatula kuchokera phokoso ndi kuzunzika, komanso kumangidwe kwa mpweya. 
K-744 tekitala Kulamulira:
- gearbox;
- kuswa, clutch ndi accelerator pedals (accelerator);
- chingwe choyendetsa, chomwe chimapereka / kutulutsa mawotchi, komanso kusintha kowoneka (pamwamba / pansi).
Dashboard:
- nyali ndi zizindikiro;
- magulu achidziwitso ndi magetsi oyendera;
- kutseka / kutseka mawotchi, mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha;
- mpikisano;
- tachometer;
- kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi kutentha;
- ammeter;
- voltmeter;
- mpweya wothamanga mpweya mu dongosolo;
- ola la ora
Dziwani nokha ndi matrekita: DT-20 ndi DT-54, MT3-892, MT3-1221, Kirovets K-9000, T-170, MT3-80, MT3 320, MT3 82 ndi T-30, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.
Kutumiza ndi chithusi
Chassis ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- kondwa;
- kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo kutsogolo;
- makanema;
- makina oyendetsa ndi zothandizira.
Galimoto yosatha imapita kutsogolo kutsogolo. Ngati kuli kotheka, kugwirizana kumbuyo, kenako galimoto imakhala yoyendetsa galimoto.
Mphunzi imafalikira kudzera m'makina a cardan. Kupereka mphamvu kwa kutsogolo kutsogolo kumachitika kudzera mu mfundo imodzi. Pofuna kuyendetsa galimoto kutsogolo, chithandizo chamkati chimayikidwa mu thirakitala pamtundu wowerengeka wa thirakitala. 
Magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe ka ulendo. Chojambulacho chagawidwa m'magawo awiri.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikuyenda bwino, zida zosiyana siyana zimayikidwa muzitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa. Mwanjira iyi, mawilo osiyana amapezeka pamene akutembenuka.
Baki lapansi
Kuwotcha ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka mtanda kunaperekedwa ndi dongosolo la chibayo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kulamulira milatho, komanso zida zowonjezera.
Mtengo wa mafuta ndi mphamvu yothamanga
Sitima ya mafuta imakhala ndi madzi okwanira 640 malita. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafuta pamagetsi poyesa mphamvu ndi 174 g / l * h. Pa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi 162 g / l * h. Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zomwe zilipo ndizopambana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pa mphamvu yoyesedwa, thirakitala sichidya kuposa 174 g / l pa ora.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 28 km / h ndipo osachepera ndi 4.5 km / h.
Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Kuti muike choyika pa makina, muyenera kukhala ndi chidindo cha fakitale chomwe chidzapereka ntchito ndi kulamulira ziwalo zina.
K-744 ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina othamanga ndi axial piston pampu yomwe imapumphuka pafupifupi 180 malita pa mphindi imodzi. Komanso, magalasi a hydraulic akuphatikizapo magawo asanu, ndipo 4 hydrolini amapatsidwa zosowa zaulimi. 
Monga muyezo, makinawa ali ndi mtundu wotsatizana wa mfundo zitatu, zomwe zimakulolani kuyika mfuti izi:
- mbewu zowonongeka ndi zamatsenga;
- alimi a mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo maofesi omwe amalola kubzala;
- mapulawa osiyanasiyana;
- zozama;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za mtundu uliwonse.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera mu 2014, matakitala amatsulo amatsutsana ndi maiko akunja. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyiike pamakina opanga zamakono.
Mosiyana, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti malo apadera a hinge amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito makina ngati chogudubuza chokhazika pansi monga asphalt, makina othandizira, komanso katundu.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Zotsatira:
- malo otetezeka okwanira, omwe amakulolani kugwira ntchito mpaka maola 2,000 popanda kuyang'aniridwa koyenera kwa zipangizo;
- zipangizo za nyumbayi, komanso zomwe zili pamwambapa, zimalola kuti a Kirovtsi apikisane ndi magalimoto oyendetsa katundu;
- tangi yamadzi ndi mafuta ochepa;
- ngati chiwonongeko chikugulitsidwa, kugula gawo lofunikira ndi losavuta komanso losachitsika mtengo;
- Ntchito yabwino yomwe makopi ambiri amalandila sangathe kupikisana nawo.
Wotsatsa:- popanda kupalasa magudumu, kulemera kwa tekitala kumapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kwazitali zakutchire, chifukwa chake, monga muyezo, makina sali njira yabwino yopangira ntchito;
- Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zojambulidwa, pali kutayika kwa mphamvu, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zolakwika mu hydraulic system;
- Nthaŵi zina, zida zapulasitiki zamatsulo zimayikidwa mu dongosolo lopsa, lomwe limatha pambuyo pa chaka cha ntchito yogwira ntchito.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasankhire tekitala yamagalimoto kuti mugwire ntchito kumbuyo kwa nyumba, zomwe zimachitika pa mini-tractors: "Bulat-120", "Uralets-220" ndi "Belarus-132n", komanso kupeza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tekitala ya mini ndi manja anu ndi thirakiti ya mini yokhala ndi chimango.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ubwino wa galimoto kuposa ma minuses. Okonzanso agwira bwino ntchito yopanga makina, motero, malinga ndi ntchito ndi chitonthozo, zikhoza kufanizidwa ndi makina okwera mtengo omwe tili nawo pamsika. Muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse za mtengo wa malonda, monga makina osamalirira angakhale otchipa kusiyana ndi achilendo.
Kusintha
Pakali pano, pali kusintha kwakukulu katatu, monga:
- K-744P1. Zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa, komanso zina zowonjezera chitetezo cha cab. Palinso kutsogolo kutsogolo.
- K-744P2. Anayika injini yayikulu 350 hp, yomwe imakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino zida zolemetsa. Kusintha kwina kunakhudza nyumbayi, yomwe yakhala yabwino kwambiri. Komanso, chitsanzochi "chingadzitamande" kuunika kwa magetsi.
- K-744P3. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwambiri, komwe kuli ndi injini yamakina 400. Wopanga malowa amaloŵa m'malo oyeretsa mpweya ndi zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi dothi lopanda mphamvu. Kuika mpweya wa hydraulic, womwe umakulolani kuti musinthe kayendedwe ka madzi. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa zina zowonjezera.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo, kampani yotchuka ya Porsche inagwira ntchito yopanga matrekta. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti woyambitsa kampaniyo pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse adalimbikitsidwa kukonza matanki achi German "Tiger" ndi "Mouse".
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe K-744 ili, chifukwa chake makinawa ndi opambana kuposa mpikisano, komanso kuti zovuta zake ndi zotani. Chonde dziwani kuti kusintha kumeneku kwatumiza zigawo zikuluzikulu, chifukwa pokha pokha padzawonongedwa, pangakhale zovuta zonse ndi mtengo ndipo ndizotheka kugula zida zopanda pake. Palinso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ndime ndi premium version, zomwe zimakhala ndi zochepa mafuta.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
