Okonda mphesa omwe amakhala m'madera ozizira akufuna mitundu yosagwirizana ndi kuzizira yomwe imapangitsanso mbewu kwa nthawi yochepa komanso yotentha. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi mtundu woyamba wa Tason, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukoma kosangalatsa kwambiri.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa za Tason
Mphesa za tebulo zamtengo wapatali zimapezedwa mochokera pamitundu ya ku Italy ndi Zoreva obereketsa T. A. Sonina ku All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture ndi Winemaking. J.I. Potapenko. Zosiyanasiyanazi sizinaphatikizidwebe m'kaundula waboma, komabe, ambiri okonda zimakulitsa. Kwambiri bwino, imalimidwa munthaka za Rostov, Crimea, Ukraine, koma imatha kukula ndi kubereka zipatso ngakhale ku zigawo za Moscow ndi Leningrad komanso kumpoto kwa Belarus.
Kutchuka kwa Tason makamaka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zambiri
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu
Nyengo imakhala ndi nthawi yakucha kwambiri (masiku 100-110 kuyambira pomwe masamba amatseguka) kuti mbewu. Izi ndizosavuta kufalitsa - kudula kwake kumazika mizu komanso kuphatikiza bwino ndi stock.
Mabasi ndiakulu, amakula kwambiri. Ziphuphu zimayenda bwino (pafupifupi kutalika konse) zimacha pofika m'dzinja. Mphukira zobala zipatso zimapitilira theka.
Masamba ali ndi lobes zisanu, ali opangidwa mwamphamvu ndipo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, kotero mitunduyi sikufunika ma pollinators.
Maluwa a nyengo yabwino amapukutidwa bwino ndi njuchi
Pambuyo pa maluwa, masango amatenga mpesa, womwe, ukathiridwa, umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Kuchulukana kwawo kumakhala pakati, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu, unyinji umafika pa 0,5-0.8 kg, mpaka 1,2 kg.
Zipatso zooneka ngati chotupa, zikakhwima kwathunthu, zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso thunzi yofiyira kumbali yopepuka. Mphesa zimafikira kukula kwa 25 x 18 mm ndi kulemera kwa 6-7 g. Khungu limakhala lalitali pakachulukidwe, likamadyedwa, silimamva. Kuguza kwake ndi kotakata, kotakata. Pali mbewu mu zipatso, koma ndizing'onozing'ono motero sizinamveke.
Kununkhira ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, fungo la nati. Zakudya zambiri za shuga (19-21 g pa 100 cm3) imalipidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi (5-6 g / dm3), yomwe imatsimikizira kukoma koyenera.
Mwabwino, zipatsozo zimapeza thunzi lokongola lofiira.
Tason adapambana chikondi cha olimavinso osati kumadera akumwera okha, komanso mzere wapakati chifukwa cha zabwino zake:
- kucha kwambiri (zaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi);
- zokolola zambiri (mpaka 40 masango ochokera ku chitsamba 1, ndiye 20-30 kg);
- kukoma kwakukulu (mfundo za 8.2) ndi mawonekedwe okongola;
- kusungidwa kwazitali kwa zipatso pachitsamba (pafupi miyezi iwiri);
- kukana nyengo yonyowa (zipatso sizimasweka);
- kukana mayendedwe.
Mitundu iyi ilinso yopanda chopanda:
- kukana kocheperako ku fungal matenda (oidium, mildew, imvi zowola);
- kukana kuzizira kwambiri (mpaka -22 ° C).
Zambiri zodzala mitundu Mtengo
Nyengo ndi yoyenera kukula pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha ikatha, amakwanitsa kubzala mbewu chifukwa chochepa kukulira.
M'madera onse ofunda ndi ozizira, ndikofunikira kubzala Tason mbali yoyatsa kum'mwera kwa tsambalo. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, zipatsozo sizikhala ndi utoto woyenera ndipo zimakhala zoyera. Nthaka patsambalo iyenera kukhala yachonde komanso chinyontho-chokwanira, osadandaula.
Koposa zonse, mphesa zimatetezedwa ndi mpanda kapena nyumba zomwe zimateteza tchire ku mphepo yozizira.
Onse masika ndi yophukira ndi oyenera kubzala mphesa. Popeza Tason nthawi zambiri imamera m'madera ozizira, kubzala masika (mpaka pakati pa Meyi) ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iye. Potere, mbande ndizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira bwino nyengo yozizira isanayambe.
Nthawi imabzalidwe ndi mizu, ndipo ibzalidwe pa munthu wamkulu. Zidula chilichonse cha njirazi zimakololedwa mu kugwa, kudula mbali yakucha ya mpesa ndi maso 4-5. M'nyengo yozizira, magawo awo amapukutidwa, ndipo zodzidulira zimatsukidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena firiji.
Kuti muteteze chinyezi chabwino kwambiri, zigawo zosungira ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi parafini
Katemera amachitidwa motere:
- Sankhani nkhokwe ya munthu wamkulu, yemwe waduliratu, ndikusiya hemp yaying'ono.
- Zodulidwazo zimadulidwa ndi mphero ndikuziika m'khola lopangidwa ndi chipewa cholimba pakati pa chitsa.
- Kumalo katemera kumalimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu ndikakutidwa ndi dongo.
Vidiyo: Kugawa katemera
Ngati mukufuna kuti zodula zizike mizu, ndiye kuti achite izi:
- Mu theka loyamba la mwezi wa February, amachotsedwa m'malo osungira, magawo amatsitsimutsidwa.
- Ikani gawo lakumunsi la chigawo mumtsuko wamadzi kapena mumphika (kapena botolo la pulasitiki lodula) ndi dothi lonyowa lonyowa.
- Pakati pa Epulo - kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, mbande zimasamutsidwa kumalo kosatha.
Video: Kukula mbande za mphesa ku Chubuk
Kubzala mphesa kumakhala zochitika zingapo motsatizana:
- Sabata imodzi isanabzalidwe, dzenje limakonzedwa ndikuzama ndi mainchesi 0.8 m.
- Pa theka lakuya, dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi mchere wosakanikirana (nthaka yachonde, kompositi, mchere wa potaziyamu), wokutidwa ndi dothi loonda.
- Mmera wakhazikitsidwa dzenje, kuyesa kuti usaswe mizu yoyera.
- Wokhathamira ndi nthaka, wopangidwa ndi madzi.
Kuti zitsimikizike, ngalande kapena miyala yophwanyika imathiridwa mu dzenjelo ngati pakufunika kutero
Malamulo Osamalira
Kuyesa kumachitika pakusamalidwa bwino, koma palibe zovuta zina zokulitsa izi.
Mukukula ndi kupanga
Chifukwa cha kukula kwamphamvu, zitsamba za mpesa ziyenera kuyikidwanso. Njira yosavuta ndi fan. Mutha kupanganso chitsamba chokhala ngati chingwe cha manja-awiri kapena kumakulitsa pa chipilala. M'madera otentha pomwe mphesa sizikufunika kuphimbira nthawi yozizira, itha kubzalidwe mu mawonekedwe abwino, ngati mtengo.
Zimatenga zaka 3-4 kupeza chitsamba chowoneka ngati fan
Mukabzala, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo oyambira:
- Katundu woyenera wa Tason salinso wopitilira 30-40 pachitsamba.
- Mtengo uliwonse wa mpesa uzidulidwa kumaso a 10-12.
Mphesa zokhala ndi mavuto ambiri zimatha kulimidwa m'malo otentha
M'dzinja, mphesa zimadulidwa, kuchotsa masamba osapsa a mpesa, nthambi zowonjezera ndi mphukira zokulira. Ngati kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira kuderali kumagwera pansi -22 ... -24 ° C, kumapeto kwa Okutobala mipesa iyenera kuyikidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa. Ma agrofabric oyenerera, danga kapena dothi la mafuta.
Kuteteza mphesa ku chisanu, ndikofunikira kumangiriza mipesa, kuyiyika pansi ndikuphimba ndi udzu
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mphesa kumafunika zolimbitsa - chinyezi chowonjezera chimangopweteka. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira katatu pa nyengo:
- Pambuyo maluwa.
- Nthawi yakucha zipatso.
- Pambuyo yokolola.
- Pamaso nyengo yozizira.
Kuti muthe kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka pansi pa tchire, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch thunthu lozungulira ndi zinthu zachilengedwe:
- peat
- utuchi
- nameta udzu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kuthira manyowa nthawi zonse.
- Muzu woyamba kuvala umayikidwa pakatha masiku angapo maluwa.
- Kenako mbewu zimadyetsedwa kumayambiriro kwa kucha zipatso - izi zimathandizira kuwonjezera unyinji wa masango.
- Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chimapangidwa mu kugwa ndi mchere wam potaziyamu, womwe umakulitsa chisanu chazomera.
Nthawi zina zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ndizovala pamwamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, koma izi zingapangitse kukula kwa msatsi wobiriwira kuti uwononge mbewu.
Nkhani yachilengedwe imayambitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a slotry kapena kulowetsedwa kwa ndowe, ndipo manyowa owola amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito (amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza mulch 7-10 cm). Musaiwale kuti mphesa ndizothandiza kwambiri kufufuza zinthu:
- boric acid;
- manganese sulfates;
- zinc zimapangitsa.
Mphesa zimayankha bwino pa kuvala kwapamwamba kwapamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani madzi amchere a feteleza:
- nayitrogeni (ammonium nitrate 0,3%);
- phosphoric (superphosphate 5-7%);
- potashi (potaziyamu chloride 1.5%).
Mavalidwe apamwamba amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Vidiyo: kuthira feteleza ndi kuthira manyowa
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Zipatso zamasamba zimacha kutalika kwa chilimwe ndipo, mwachilengedwe, zimakopa mbalame ndi mavu. Kuchokera kwa mbalame, mutha kuteteza zitsamba za mpesazo ndi mauna (makamaka okhwima komanso opaka bwino).
Mutha kuthawa mavu pokhazikitsa misampha ya tizilombo komanso kuwononga zisa za nyanga. Ngati simukuopa ntchito yowonjezerapo, ndi bwino kupukuta burashi iliyonse mchikwama cha gauze.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tizilombo topindulitsa titha kugwera mumsampha wa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Chikwama cha mauna chimateteza bwino mbewu ya mphesa ku mavu
Zoopsa kuposa mavu, zimatha kukhala phylloxera - ma aphid osakanikirana omwe amakhudza mbali zonse za chomera ndi mizu. Kuthana ndi mankhwalawa, chithandizo chokhala ndi mpweya wosakhazikika wa kaboni chingathandize:
- Ndi chotupa chachikulu cha phylloxera, mlingo wa 300-400 cm umagwiritsidwa ntchito3/ m2. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwononge tizirombo, koma munda wamphesa ungafe.
- Kuti mupitirize kubzala, gwiritsani ntchito mulingo wa masentimita 803/ m2.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa mphesa phylloxera kumadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zoopsa kwambiri
Njira yabwino kwambiri yoletsera phylloxera ndikumalumikiza pamatangadza osagwirizana ndi phylloxera.
Nthawi sikhala yogonjetsedwa ndi oidium, mildew ndi imvi zowola. Chifukwa cha kucha koyambirira kwa mphesa, matendawa nthawi zonse "samayenda" ndi zokolola. Koma chithandizo chodzitchinjiriza ndikofunikira mulimonsemo. Kukonzekera mkuwa kumakhala koyenera:
- Bordeaux madzi
- Captan
- Vitriol,
- Tsinos.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Kuyesa kuyamba kusonkhanitsa m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yochulukirapo, mutha kusiya mabulashi ena pachitsamba - amangamira mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, osataya kukoma kwawo.
Mphesa zokolola zimasungidwa mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi. Mphesa zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'chipinda chake chamdima chimatha miyezi 2-3.
Nyengo nthawi zambiri imadyedwa mwatsopano, koma imatha kukonzedwa ndikupanga:
- zoumba
- vinyo
- msuzi
- compote
- misana.
Beckmes, kapena uchi wa mphesa, siwokoma kokha, komanso wathanzi labwino
Ndemanga za olima mphesa
Ndine wodabwitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa zinthu zamtunduwu posungira nthawi yayitali kutchire. Chotsekedwa pa Ogasiti 5 ndipo tsopano Seputembara 12 yapachikidwa m'thumba la gauze. Kukoma kwake kunali kowala kuposa nutmeg. Maluwa ndi a pinki, okhuthala komanso owutsa mudyo, sindikuwona ulesi uliwonse, monga zinachitikira ndi Krasa Nikopol lero (koma sindinayesere shuga ngati ku KN, patatha mwezi umodzi kucha, pagome limodzi).
Evgeny Anatolyevich, Stavropol Territory//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Nyengo yanga m'munda wamphesa ndi imodzi mwamagulu olemekezeka ndi okondedwa a banja langa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndilinso khadi yanga yakuyitanitsa pazowonetsa zilizonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira kusankha, choyambirira, malo abwino ofunda ndi opepuka, chitetezo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake ku matenda, komanso owoneka bwino! Ponena za kumpoto kwa Belarus, ndimaona ngati muyezo ndi kukoma ndi kugulitsa mukulima kwa mpweya wamafuta, koma mchikhalidwe cha parietali, imatulutsa timagulu totsika totsika masitepe 500-600 g (mu gunia wonyezimira mpaka 800 g, imakulanso) chikasu-pinki chimakonda mabulosi 6-8 g, chifukwa kumpoto "sitin mafuta". Shuga wambiri pafupifupi 17-19% akupeza bwino pang'onopang'ono acidity, palibe zovuta zina pakusintha kwa mipesa, ndipo zokolola zili pamtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, ndidawona kuti masango amatendekeka bwino nthawi yayitali pamtchire. Koma ndikatinso ndikugogomezera kuchedwa komwe kulimidwa sikumakhululuka.
Vadim Tochilin, Novopolotsk, Belarus//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=185.0
Nthawi, poyerekeza ndi omwewo ku Central Asiaans, bwino kwambiri "amasiya" mafangasi, m'mikhalidwe yathu, popanda mpweya wabwino komanso kupopera mankhwala mosatulutsa, mutha kupeza oidium pamagulu, koma kwakukulu, ndi chisamaliro wamba, osati mopitilira muyeso, zosiyanasiyana zimadziwonetsa bwino (osati Rizamat si Shahin, m'mawu), chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ngakhale Tason ndi wowona ku Europe, koma akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Krasokhina, Novocherkassk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Chimodzi mwazojambula za Tason ndi chophimba. Chaka chino kukolola koyamba ndi -6 kg (m'mbuyomu - burashi ya siginala pa mwana wazaka 2 sizinali zochititsa chidwi) burashi wamkulu kwambiri ndi 850 g., Utoto ndi kukoma kwake ndizosayerekezeka! Koma mavuwa sanalabe. Ndipachika matumba chaka chamawa.
HITRO, mzinda wa Ochakov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Kukoma kwa Nthawi ndi EXCLUSIVE, nutmeg. Oidium - Inde pang'ono. Mildew - ayi. Mavu - inde, okoma kwambiri ndipo chipolopolo ndi chopyapyala.
Belikova Galina, Volgograd//vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=62&t=115
Ndili ndi chitsamba chimodzi chamtunduwu. Ndikukonzekera kukonzekereranso tchire zingapo kuti zitheke. Nyengo ndiyabwino kwambiri mphesa zokhala ndi mabulosi okoma. Imavundikiridwa bwino, magulu owonetsa, apakatikati, opanda mtola. Kucha mabulosi achikasu-pinki, okoma ndi nutmeg. Panalibe matenda a fungus pamipando yachifumu. Mukakolola, ndikofunikira kukonza kubiriwira kobiriwira kuchokera ku mildew ndi oidium, chifukwa mu Seputembala, Tason nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda awa. Mankhwalawa amasunga chivundikiro chomanga thupi, chomwe chimathandizira kuti kucha kucha kwa mpesa ndikuyika zokolola za chaka chamawa.
Senchanin, Ukraine//vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=288
Mphesa zamphaka ndizoyenera mphesa za mphesa kuchokera ku pafupifupi dera lililonse la Russia. Inde, kupeza zokolola zambiri kumafuna kulimbikira komanso nthawi, koma amalipira ndi zipatso zabwino.
