Mbalame yoyera ya hemanthus imadziwika ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino ndi maluwa okongola. Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi mudzaphunziranso za maluwa, maluwa ake komanso momwe mungamerekere maluwa kunyumba.
Mafotokozedwe a botanical ndi maonekedwe
Chikhalire chosatha cha banja la Amaryllis. Dziko lakwawo ndi zachilengedwe - zozizira ku South Africa. Mwa mtundu wa mizu imatanthawuza anyezi. Tsinde ndi lakuda, kufika pamtunda wa 15-25 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Dzina "gemantus" amachokera ku chi Greek ndipo amapangidwa chifukwa cha mau awiri akuti "haemo" (magazi) ndi "anthos" (maluwa).Kwa anthu chomera chimatchedwa "lilime la njovu" kapena "khutu la nthenda". Izi zimachokera ku mawonekedwe a maluwa a maluwa, omwe amakula mpaka masentimita 40. Masambawo ndi ofiira obiriwira, obiriwira komanso ozungulira, ndi tsitsi pamphepete. Gemantus wamkulu amayamba mapepala 6.
The inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, ili ndi ambirimbiri stamens ofukhondo ndi chikasu anthers, peduncle ndi wakuda ndi waufupi. Zipatso ndi zipatso zofiira.
Malamulo a chisamaliro ndi zinthu zomwe zikukula kunyumba
Gemantus, ngati zipangizo zonse zapakhomo, zimayenera kusamala komanso zikhalidwe zabwino. Pazinthu izi.
Kusankha malo
Malo abwino kwambiri miphika ya maluwa ndi mawindo kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Muyenera kuyika chidebe ndi "khutu la nsomba" pamalo a dzuwa, koma kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa kugwera pa iyo. Muyeneranso kupeŵa drafts, ndipo ngati n'koyenera pritenyat chomera.
Chinyezi ndi kutentha
Hemanthus ali ndi kulekerera bwino kwa mphepo. Sipadzakhala vuto ndi chomera, ngakhale chiri pafupi pafupi ndi magwero a Kutentha.
Ngakhale gemantus ikuchokera ku Africa, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi 18+ +22°C. Koma ngakhale kutentha komwe sikukhala motalika sikungakhale vuto kwa chomera cha nyumba.
Ndikofunikira! Masamba a Hemantus ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku fumbi ndi siponji yofewa yophika m'madzi otentha.
Kuunikira
Mitengo iyi ndi yokonda dzuwa, kusowa kwaunikira kokwanira kumakhudza kwambiri maluwa awo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, hemantus iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, lomwe lingachoke pamoto. Masamba okhudzidwa ndi dzuwa sangathe kubwezeretsedwa. Iwo amayamba kutaya mtundu wawo wowala, ndiyeno nkufa.
Nthaka ndi kusankha posankha mphika
Kwa gemantusa, mukhoza kugula dothi lapadera lomwe lili loyenera kuti likhale ndi zomera, koma zimakhalanso zosavuta kukonzekera ndi manja anu: kusakaniza magawo awiri a nthaka ya sod, mchenga umodzi wa mchenga, peat ndi masamba. Musanadzalemo nthaka osakaniza ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi wothira.
Kubzala gemanthus n'kofunika mu mphika waukulu ndi wosaya, momwe makomo a ngalande ayenera kukhalapo. Mbali yoyenera ya chidebe chodzala m'mimba mwake iyenera kukhala yaikulu 2-3 masentimita kuposa kukula kwake kwa babu. Chophimba chimakhala chilichonse: mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito dongo, ceramic kapena pulasitiki.
Kuthirira ndi fetereza
Chomeracho chimapangitsa kuti madzi asawonongeke, ndipo kusowa kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa masamba. Madzi amathiridwa ndi madzi osungunuka kutentha nthawi zonse, koma kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa: madzi ayenera kuthiriridwa pamene dothi ladothi limauma osachepera 2 masentimita. Ndi kukula kwa zomera komanso nthawi ya maluwa, maluwa otentha a hemantus amafunikira feteleza.
Dyetsani chomera:
- feteleza kwa bulbous;
- kusakanikirana konsekonse;
- zovekedwa.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse. Kuyambira pamwamba kuvala kumayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi ya kukula kwa peduncle mpaka kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 10, komanso pambuyo maluwa pamaso yogwira kasupe kukula akuyamba.
Kujambula ndi kudulira
Nkhumba zoumba zimayenera kusuntha chaka chilichonse. Ndondomeko ikhoza kusamutsidwa kwa chaka chimodzi, ngati mizu isanakule mokwanira, ndipo pali malo ambiri aulere mu chidebe cha maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Sizowonjezera kuti mupange kupalesanso kwa hemantus yoyera kamodzi pa kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu.
Bwezerani bwino kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Pogwiritsa ntchito miphika yambiri ndi madzi okwanira. Mofanana ndi kubzala, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza osakaniza, kapena osakaniza moyenera.
Kuwaza kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge babu ndi mizu. Babu ayenera kumizidwa pansi 2/3, mbali yake iyenera kukhala pamwamba. Palibe chifukwa chodulira hemantus, muyenera kuchotsa masamba osakanika ndi mapesi a maluwa omwe atha.
Kodi Gemantus akubala bwanji?
Kuberekanso koyera maluwa otchedwa hemantus kumachitika ndi cuttings, mbewu kapena mothandizidwa ndi mababu a mwana. Ganizirani njira iliyonseyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Ndi thandizo la mababu a mwana
Njira yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika chomera chachikulu. 
Kwa kubalana pogwiritsa ntchito mwana amabala:
- Chotsani kholo la gemantus mu chidebecho ndi primer.
- Sankhani bwinobwino mababu ang'onoang'ono.
- Bzalani mababu m'madzi okhala ndi nthaka.
- Musanayambe kukolola mbewuyo, musamaye kuunika.
Ndi njira iyi yoberekera, maluwa angayembekezere 3-4 zaka mutabzala.
Makhalidwe a Leaf
Kufalitsa ndi cuttings n'kovuta kwambiri.
Kwa ichi muyenera:
- Ganizirani limodzi la mapepala apansi kuchokera kwa kholo hemantus.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo yochepetsedwayo ndi yopanikizidwa kapena yamoto kuti musakanize kudula.
- Siyani pepala kwa tsiku kuti ilole.
- Kudzala pepala mu kusakaniza kosakaniza kofanana ndi peat ndi mchenga ndikuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene.
- Pambuyo pake phesi limapanga anyezi ndipo lizikazulidwa, kuziika mu mphika ndi nthaka yofunika kubzala.
Gemantus pambuyo pobereka ndi cuttings limamasula mu 3-4 zaka.
Werengani momwe mungasamalire mtengo wa ndalama ndikuwufalitsa.
Mbewu
Kufalitsa ndi thandizo la mbewu ndi nthawi yowonongeka.
Technology:
- Pambuyo pa kupeza gemantas wofiira ndi zipatso, sungani mbewu kuchokera.
- Mutatha kusonkhanitsa mbewu, amachizidwa: amasamba m'madzi ndipo amauma kwa masiku 2-3.
- Konzani zitsulo ndi chisakanizo cha magawo ofanana a peat, makungwa opunduka bwino ndi mchenga wa mtsinje.
- Bzalani mbeu mu chisakanizo cha kuya 3-4 mm.
- Ikani zitsulo pamalo otentha otsetsereka ndikuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
- Fukuta nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Yembekezerani kumera, zomwe zingatenge miyezi 2-3.
- Kubzala mphukira zakula.
Pamene kuswana mbewu gemantus ikhoza pachimake pakatha zaka 5-7.
Nthawi yopumula ndi maluwa
Duwa ndilo lobiriwira, nthawi ya mpumulo ilibe. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kochepa ndi chinyezi mu chipinda pamene mukukula m'nyumba, imakhala ndi nthawi yopumula yokha, yomwe imatha kuyambira mu October mpaka February. Panthawi imeneyi ndi bwino kuchepetsa kuthirira komanso kusamera maluwa.
Gemantus imamasula kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kumayambiriro kwa autumn, nthawi imeneyi imakhala miyezi 2-3. Pakati pa maluwa, amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndi kuthirira kamodzi pa masiku atatu ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Kutulutsa mungu kumadziwika ndi maonekedwe a fungo losasangalatsa. Chomeracho chimadzipangitsa mungu, ndipo chimakhala ndi mavitamini ozungulira, omwe amakhala pafupifupi 2 cm.
Zovuta zowalima
Pakukula "khutu la nthenda" zingabwereke zokhudzana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mukudziwa? Gemantus imalimbikitsa chipinda ndi oksijeni ndi ozoni, komanso imathandizira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu a m'deralo chikhale chopanikizika.
Matenda
Maluwa oyera amtundu wa gemantus ndi olepheretsa matenda, koma amachititsa matenda oterowo:
- Grey kuvunda. Chizindikiro choyamba n'chakuti chomeracho chili ndi mawanga ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi imvi patina. Mawangawo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amawoneka ngati imvi, masamba amafota, ndipo maluwa sangakhalepo. Kuchiza: chomeracho nthawi yomweyo chimakhala chokhalitsa ndipo chikuchiritsidwa ndi fungicide. Zowomba ndi zowonongeka za gemantus ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kuyendetsa mdulidwe ndi kuyambitsa mpweya ufa.
- Anthracnose. Zisonyezo: Mdima wakuda pa tsamba ndi mdima wakuda "pamphepete" pamphepete. Ngati mpweya uli wouma kwambiri, ming'alu ikuwonekera pa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi zomera. Popanda kuchiza, maluwawo amatha kufa. Chithandizo: Chotsani masamba odwala ndi ndondomeko "Fundazole."
Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa angakumane:
- kusowa kwa maluwa - zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha madzi okwanira okwanira kapena kutentha kwambiri m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira;
- kuvuta anyezi - chifukwa cha madzi owonjezera pa ulimi wothirira;
- imvi pa masamba - chifukwa cha kuthirira mwamphamvu;
- masamba achikasu - kuwala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhudza gemantus yoyera-yoyera:
- Shchitovka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa chomera pamwambacho chimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa otchedwa brown bumps, pambuyo pa maluwawo. Masamba achotsedwa pamsangwani; ndizosatheka kuchotsa tizirombo kuchokera ku inflorescences. Kuti apulumutsidwe, chomeracho chimapulitsidwa ndi "Aktellik" kapena "Karbofos".
- Amaryllis Worm. Tizilombo toyera omwe amasankha anyezi a malo ngati malo. Chizindikiro cha kugonjetsedwa kwa maluwa ndi kukumba mu kukula ndi kutaya masamba a chikasu. Ndikofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudzidwa ndi gawo lalikulu la mbeu, silingathe kupulumutsidwa.
- Kangaude mite Amadyetsa zamasamba zowonjezera. Mutha kuzindikira mawonekedwe ake pamaso a madontho ang'onoang'ono oyera pa tsamba la tsamba ndi tsamba lochepetseka lomwe limabzala mbewu. Ndikofunika kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchiza mbewu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malo obadwira a Gemantus maluwa oyera - South Africa, koma adagonjetsedwa ndi ambiri olima maluwa kunja. Potsatira ndondomeko ndi malangizo okhudza kusamalidwa maluwa, mukhoza kukula nyumba yokongola yokongola.
