Ngati munayamba mwachitapo kanthu ndi nkhaka, ndiko, kuyang'ana mitundu yoyenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito ziwembu, ndiye kuti mwinamwake mukupeza mawu monga "Chinese nkhaka".
Izi sizinthu zosiyana siyana, ndi zonsezi, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso kutalika kwa 50 - 80 cm.
Izi zosiyanasiyana za nkhaka ndizoyesa kuyesera wamaluwa, omwe akhala akungokhala osangalatsa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzungu.
Mukangowona zipatso zodabwitsa izi nthawi yoyamba, mudzafuna kuzikulitsa pa chiwembu chanu.
Eya, ganizirani mitundu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imapangidwa ndi "nkhaka zachi China".
Sungani "Chinese chozizwitsa"
Mitengo yocheperapo, zipatso zokonzeka zimatha kuchotsedwa kumtunda kokha masiku 60 - 70 mutatha mphukira zoyamba.
Tchire ndizitali kwambiri, ndi mizu yamphamvu. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, zokhotakhota pang'ono, ndi zing'onozing'ono zamatenda, zitalizitali (40-50 cm), zokoma, ndipo palibe ululu m'thupi kapena khungu lofewa.
Matango awa kulolera bwino kayendedwe. Oyenera chakudya osati mwatsopano, komanso zamzitini. Pofuna kutsegula masambawa mitsuko, ingodulani mzidutswa. Mitengo imabereka chipatso chochulukira, sichikukhudzidwa ndi matenda.
Ngakhale kuti kunja kwazomera, tchire la mitundu yosiyanasiyana tiyenera kuyamba kukula kuchokera ku mbande. Pali nthawi yochuluka yobzala mbewu, nthawi yoyenera imayambira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March ndipo imatha mu April. Kusamalira mbande n'kwachibadwa, ndiko kuti, kuthirira nthawi zonse, kubzala mbande, kusamba mu gawo la masamba 1 - 2.
Kuzama kwa mbeu ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 3-4. Chidebe choyenera chodzala chidzakhala 150-40 masentimita. Kukonzekera kwa mbande bwino kumachitidwa kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June, kuti dziko lapansi likhale lofunda.
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yopanda ulemu muchisamaliro, tchire ndi kuwala kwambiri ndi kutentha. Choncho, m'madera ndi nyengo yotentha, zomera izi zingabzalidwe lotseguka pansi. Kumene kuli kuzizira, timafuna malo obiriwira kuti azikula.
Mitengo idzakhala yokwanira nthawi zonse, kuthira nthaka, kuzungulira mulch, komanso zovala zochepa. Popeza mphukira za tchire ndizokwanira, ndibwino kuti tichite tchire la tchire, zomwe zidzakonza zokolola.
Sungani "Kukongola koyera"
Zotsatira za ntchito ya obereketsa ku China. Dzina la zosiyana zimachokera ku mtundu wapamwamba wa chipatso - iwo ali oyera, pali zobiriwira zobiriwira. F
o Nthawi yakucha imakhala pansi pa gulu la pakati pa nyengo. Pafupipafupi, masiku 45-50 amachokera pa nthawi yomwe akukwera mbande kupita kukhwima la zipatso. Mitengo imakhala mizu yonse mu hotbeds ndi pansi pa thambo lotseguka. Mitengo imakhala yokwanira
Nkhaka sizitali yaitali, zokha 12-15 masentimita, zomwe sizikwanira izi zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zimapangidwira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zimakhala zozungulira pamtundu uwu, ndiko kuti, tuberculate, ndi kukoma kwakukulu.
Peel ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo zamkati sizilawa zowawa. Zipatso ndi zokoma kwambiri osati mwatsopano, komanso zamzitini. Kulima kumapanga pafupifupi 4 makilogalamu ku chitsamba chimodzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatsutsana ndi matenda.
Zitsamba ziyenera kuyamba ndi mbande, kubzala mbewu kuti ipangidwe mu March. Pamene mbande zimamera, pepala la pulasitiki, lomwe liyenera kuphimba ndi mbeu, liyenera kuchotsedwa. Masamba 1 - 2 akawonekere pa mphukira, zomera ziyenera kulowetsedwa m'mitsuko yambiri. Musanayambe kusamba ndi kumaliza mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuthiridwa mchere kuti zikhale zolimba mokwanira musanayambe kuziyika pansi.
Mitengo ikafika msinkhu wa masiku makumi atatu, idzakhala nthawi yokwelera. Pamalo omwe muli malo omwe mungathe kubweretsa tchire 3.
Zosiyanasiyanazi zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kusintha kwa mpweya chinyezi. Ndicho chifukwa chake tchire sizingakhale zopanda phindu muchisamaliro. Kuti zomera zikhale zokolola bwino, nkofunika kuthirira tchire nthawi zonse, kuzidyetsa, komanso kuyesa njira iliyonse yothetsera mapangidwe a nthaka.
Zomera zazikulu, ndizofunika kumangiriza ku chithandizo, ndiye zomera zidzawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya tomato.
Kalasi "Njoka ya Chi China"
Nkhuka zam'mawa zoyambirira, zomwe zinasankhidwa kuti zilimidwe mu greenhouses. Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala zamphamvu, nthambi, kukula mofulumira, komanso kubereka zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali. Zipatsozo ndizitali kwambiri (mpaka 50 cm), mofanana ndi arc, mdima wobiriwira, ndi zazikulu koma zosawerengeka za tubercles ndi chipinda chaching'ono cha mbewu.
Zokoma zimangokhala zokongola, zipatso ndizokoma ndipo sizimvetsa chisoni. Kuchuluka kwake kwa chipatso ndichiwerengero, mbewu za mnofu zimakhala zosawoneka, ndipo tchire sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri a nkhaka.
Kubzala mbande ziyenera kuchitika mosakayika masiku 25 mpaka 30 musanadzalemo pansi. Mbande zingakhoze kuziika kuti zikhale mkangano wowonjezera greenhouses kale kumayambiriro kwa May, ndi kwa unheated wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutsegula pansi kuchokera kumapeto kwa mwezi womwe watchulidwa.
Mbande zimafunikira onetsetsani kuti muthamangekotero kuti mbande ndizokwanira. Muyenera kufesa mbewu mukatikati mwa 1.5 - 2 masentimita. Pa 1 square. mamita akhoza prikopat osachepera 3 mbande. Dothi la nkhaka izi liyenera kukhala lachonde, lopuma bwino. Pofuna kuwonjezera mpweya wabwino, mukhoza kuwonjezera utuchi kapena masamba.
Ndikofunika kusamalira tchire za nkhakayi nthawi zonse. Choncho, ulimi wothirira sizingakhale zolephereka, kupepesa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi kuyenera kukhala kofunikira nthawi zonse, ndipo madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda.
Dyetsani tchire ziyenera kukhala kangapo, ndipo ndi zofunika kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi feteleza, monga zakudya mu njira iyi zifulumira kugwa pansi. Kuikapo mphukira ku chithandizo kapena ayi - ndilo lingaliro lanu laumwini. Mitengo idzakhala mwamtendere m'magulu onsewa.
Kalasi "Zam'madzi"
Zophatikiza, chipatso cha ntchito ya obereketsa Russian. Pakadutsa nyengo, zipatso zipse masiku 44 mpaka 48 zitakula. Wosakanizidwa ndi parthenocarpic. Kutentha mwamphamvu, koma kuphulika bwino. Zipatso zimatalika (mpaka 50 cm), zimakhala zooneka ngati zobiriwira, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zokongola kwambiri, khungu lochepa kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi ma tubercles aakulu.
Zipatso zimakhala zolemetsa, zoposa 200 g zolemetsa. Choncho, zambiri zokolola - 15 - 18 makilogalamu pa 1 lalikulu. mita Mitengo kubereka zipatso motalika kwambiri, nthawi zina amafunikanso kutsekedwa, chifukwa nyengo ikuwonongeka ndi mphindi imeneyo. Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi sizowonjezera powdery mildew, njira zodekha kupulumuka kusowa kwa dzuwa, komanso kutsika kutentha.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande ziyenera kupangidwa pakati pa mwezi wa April. Mphamvu za mbande ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuti mizu ikhale yabwino komanso ili ndi malo okwanira. Nthaka ndi bwino kutenga kugula, pamene imapindula ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Kuti mbande zikhale zolimba, muyenera kudyetsa mbande nthawi zonse. Kubwezeretsa m'nthaka kumakhala kovuta kuchita pambuyo pa chisanu, koma mbande zimatha kusunthira ku moto wowonjezera kutentha ngakhale kale. kachitidwe kachilengedwe kakang'ono - 70x30 cm
Mwamsanga mutabzala, nthaka pansi pa tchire ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi mdima wakuda wa polyethylene kuti madzi azikhala nthawi yayitali panthaka. Koma nthawi zina chithandizo choterechi chiyenera kuchotsedwa, kuti wowonjezera kutentha sikupweteke mizu ya tchire.
Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito thandizo linalake monga mawonekedwe a trellis kapena waya wotambasula pakati pa zingwe zomwe zimayendetsedwa pansi. Ndikofunika kuthirira tchire kawiri kawiri pa sabata. Nthawi zina zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi yankho la urea.
Kalasi "Chitetezo cha China chotentha"
Zophatikiza mungu wochokera ndi njuchi. Zimakhala zapakatikati oyambirira nkhaka, zimapsa masiku 48-54. Mabango amphamvu, amphamvu, nthambi zambiri. Kwenikweni, phesi limodzi limapangidwa mu zomera. Zipatso ndi zokongola kwambiri, ngakhale, ndi kutalika kwake kwa zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana nkhaka (30-50 cm), mdima wobiriwira, ndi zokoma zokoma ndi zonunkhira.
Maonekedwe a nkhaka izi ndizomwe zimayambira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapepala. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa osati powdery mildew, downy mildew, ndi fusarium wilt, komanso kutentha. Ngakhale kutentha kumafikira 35 C, tchire izi zidzakulabe bwino ndi kubereka zipatso.
Nthawi yoika mbewu imatambasulidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Mukhoza kudumpha nyemba ndikufesa mbewu pansi pa theka lachiwiri la May. Koma ndi njira yowonjezera bedi lam'munda wamtsogolo ndibwino kubisala, kotero kuti zolowera ziyenera kukhala. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka kutentha ifike 20-25 -25C, mwinamwake mbewu sizidzamera.
Izi zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kuti zonse zikhale ndi greenhouses komanso nthawi zonse nthaka. Mitengo iyi idzafuna kuwala kochuluka, koma musadandaule za mdima wapadera, chifukwa kutentha kotere sikuwopa.
Ndikoyenera kuyala mbande kapena kubzala mbewu pa bedi losiyana, losiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhaka, mwinamwake padzakhala kusintha, ndipo simungapezeko zokolola zabwino kwambiri za nkhaka zina. Chida cholowera - 50x70 cm.
Kusamalira nkhaka izi si makamaka whimsical. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimapereka ana ochepa kwambiri, kotero mungathe kudumpha njira. Ndikofunika kukonza mphukira za tchire pa trellis, ndipo chithandizocho chiyenera kukhala champhamvu mokwanira, mwinamwake chidzathyola pansi pa kulemera kwa chipatsocho.
Madzi awa nthawi zambiri amafunika, 2 - 3 pa sabata. Koma zonse zimadalira nyengo. Ngati mvula imagwa, ndiye kuti mumatha kuchepetsa madzi okwanira kapena osakhala madzi konse. Koma ngati kuli chilala pamsewu, ndipo nthaka inayamba kugwedezeka, ndiye ndikofunikira kuthirira tchire, ndipo mochuluka kwambiri.
Pofuna kupeŵa kuoneka kolemera kwadothi, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisapweteke mizu ya tchire.
Sakani "Alligator"
Yoyamba wosakanizidwa mungu ndi njuchi. Zipatso zili zokonzeka kudya pa 46-48 tsiku loyamba mphukira. Mitengo imakhala yamphamvu, imakula mofulumira, misa yamphamvu ya vegetative. Zipatsozi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi izi, zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino, m'malo mozama (35-40 masentimita), zodzaza ndi zobiriwira, tuberculate.
Tsamba ndi lochepa kwambiri, lowala, osati lowawa. Mapirawa ali ndi madzi ambiri, okoma, okometsera kwambiri. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri, makilogalamu 16-18 pa mita imodzi ya bedi.
Zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudzidwa ndi footspine, powdery mildew ndi nkhaka mosavuta, koma akhoza kuvutika pang'ono kuchokera ku downy mildew. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimapindula kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Zipatso ndi zabwino komanso zamzitini.
Yoyenera nthaka iliyonse. Muyenera kuyamba ndi mbande, zomwe zili zofunika kuti musachite kale kuposa theka la mwezi wa April. Mbande zamphamvu ndi masamba 1 - 2 ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu miphika yayikulu.
Kusamalira mbande ndizokhazikika, ndiko kuti, kuthirira nthawi zonse, feteleza ntchito, komanso kupereka mbande ndi kuwala kokwanira ndi kutentha ndikofunikira. Pamene mbande ifika msinkhu wa masiku 30 mpaka 35, ikhoza kuikidwa.
Kuika bwino kumachitika bwino mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May., ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa June, kotero kuti dziko lapansi likhoza kutentha bwino. Ngati mukufuna kukolola kale, ndiye kuti masiku 10 isanafike kuti dziko lapansi likhale lokonzekera kuti likhale lopangidwa ndi black polyethylene. Pamene mbande zimayikidwa pansi, zimakhalanso zofunika kuphimba pansi pozungulira ndi polyethylene.
Kusamalira zitsambazi sizodziwika bwino. Nthawi zonse kuthiriririra ndi madzi ofunda, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa baka mu mitambo nyengo ndi zofunika kwambiri mu tchire chisamaliro chisamaliro.
Nthaŵi zonse feteleza ndi feteleza zamchere, komanso chithandizo cha fungicide, chidzathandizanso zomera. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndicho musadwale ndi mankhwalaApo ayi zipatso zidzakhala chakupha. Monga chitsamba chilichonse cha nkhakayi, ndibwino kukonza zomera za "Alligator" pa zabwino trellis, zidzakhala zosavuta kuzisamalira komanso kenako kuzikolola.
Masikiti a ku China sadzakukhumudwitsani ndi zipatso zawo, koma adzakondweretsa inu ndi apadera awo. Banja lanu silingodabwe ndi kukoma kwake kwa chipatso, komanso maonekedwe awo. Choncho, mudzasangalatsa nokha komanso okondedwa anu. Bwino!
