Yakut kavalo mtundu: makhalidwe, ubwino ndi kuipa

Mitundu ya mahatchi Yakut imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa akale kwambiri ndipo akuyenera kuyang'anira alimi chifukwa cha kukwera kwake komanso kusintha kwa nyengo yovuta. Chaka chonse, mahatchi ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala pakhomo lotseguka, ndipo pambali pake sakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Mwa tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mahatchi awa, tidzakambirana mobwerezabwereza m'nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Tsatanetsatane wamabambo
• Maonekedwe
• Mtundu
• Makhalidwe
• Zabwino ndi zamwano
• Chiwerengero cha ntchito
• Mndandanda wa ndende ndi chisamaliro
• Kudyetsa

Mbiri ya

Zolemba zoyamba za kavalo woterezi zinayamba mu 1634, pamene Cossacks, mu kalata yolembera ku Moscow Tsar Mikhail, adafotokoza malo a Yakut ndi miyambo yake ya kubereketsa kavalo. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ofufuza ena, akulongosola zomwe anapeza pa mayeso angapo a zamoyo, amaumirira chiyambi cha Asia-Mesopotamiya ya mtundu wa Yakut.

Mukudziwa? Makolo a mbidzi, abulu ndi akavalo ndi omwe-hippus omwe anawonekera zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Nyama yaing'onoting'onoyi inali yolemera makilogalamu 5 okha ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35 ndipo inali ndi zala 4 kumbuyo kwa miyendo ndi 3 kumbuyo kwake.

Ngakhale kusiyana kotereku mukutanthauzira kwa makolo amtundu wapadera, omwe angakhoze kupirira kutentha kuchokera ku -60 ° C kufika ku 40 ° C, zowonongedwa kwawo zakhala mbiriyakale. Mkhalidwewu unapulumutsidwa ndi obereketsa okwera akavalo, omwe mu 1943 anapanga famu yapadera yopangira mahatchi a Yakut.

Video: kufotokozera mtundu wa kavalo wa Yakut

Tsatanetsatane wamabambo

Oweta mahatchi, amene atha kale kuchita nawo mikanjo ya Yakut, amawadziwitsa kuti ali ndi makhalidwe abwino a kavalo. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe osakhala ofanana, ochenjera, olimba mu ntchito ndi zikhalidwe za kundende.

Mukudziwa? Mahatchi, omwe masiku ano amachitcha kuti zakutchire, ali kwenikweni zakutchire. Mwachitsanzo, mayangs ndiwo mbadwa za mahatchi, zomwe zaka za m'ma 1600 zinabweretsedwa ndi aSpanish kupita ku America. Mitundu yokhayo yomwe simunayambe yaikapo ingathe kuonedwa ngati mahatchi aku Asia.

Akatswiri, malingana ndi malo omwe akukhalapo ndi mbali za kunja, amasiyanitsa zingapo zing'onozing'ono zamkati:

• kumpoto koyambirira - imaphatikizapo Verkhoyansk ndi Middle Kolyma akavalo, omwe anagwedezeka chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa mitundu ya Baikal ndi Late Pleistocene;
• kum'mwera bwino - mbadwa za oimira ake ndi mahatchi a suntar, Megin ndi Lekmin, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu pamene akufota;
• kum'mwera kwakukulu - Mulu wa anthu ena a subspecies akhoza kufika 600 makilogalamu, ndi ofala ku Yakutia ndi chigawo cha Nyurbinsk ku Russia.

Maonekedwe

Malingana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, mtundu wa Yakut umatuluka kunja:

• thupi lopalika (kutalika kwa oblique mkati mwa masentimita 149);
• kutalika kwa msinkhu wa kufota (mwa anthu akuluakulu, magawo awa amatha kuchokera 136-138 masentimita);
• mutu waukulu;
• wandiweyani, ndi khosi lalifupi;
• wathanzi ndi wautali kumbuyo;
• Mafupa akuluakulu omwe amatha kufika masentimita 170;
• tsitsi lakuda ndi lakuda (m'nyengo yozizira, tsitsi la Yakut mahatchi limatha kukula mpaka masentimita khumi m'litali);
• nsalu yowirira, yomwe ili pafupifupi 80% khungu lonse;
• mchira wakuda wogwira pansi;
• chingwe chokongola chomwe chikuphimba khosi la mahatchi ndi mapewa;
• kulemera kwa miyendo yokwana miyendo yokwana miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yolemera makilogalamu 100, ali ndi zaka 2.5 zaka izi zimakula ndi 70 makilogalamu, ndipo zaka 5-6 kavalo amapeza pafupifupi 450-600 makilogalamu);
• khungu lakuda, limene mafuta amkati amadziphimba (mu kavalo wamkulu akhoza kukula mpaka masentimetita khumi);
• miyendo yochepa koma yolimba;

  Mukudziwa? M'badwo wamasewero wamakono ndi mano. Jerome wolemekezeka, yemwe sanatenge ndalama za mabuku ake, m'zaka za zana lachinayi adayankhula mawu otchuka omwe samalangiza kuyang'anira mano a kavalo woperekedwa..
• pastel circumference m'makilogalamu 20 cm, mares - 18 cm;
• Savravim, bulauni (kawirikawiri), imvi, yoyera kapena bulauni.

Mtundu

Masiku ano, m'madera otseguka a Russia, imvi ndi zamtundu Yakut akavalo ndizofala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri. Komabe, nyama zambiri zoyera zimakhala ku Yakutia. Sutu iyi siipitsa magazi awo oyera. Zoona zake n'zakuti mahatchi a mtundu uwu amatha kudyetsa msipu. Kawirikawiri ndondomekoyi imatsirizidwa ndi zaka zinayi.

Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire bavalo nokha, momwe mungatchulire kavalo, komanso momwe mungathere.

Kuonjezerapo, muyezo wamtunduwu umapereka mtundu wa bulauni ndi wabala, koma oimira amenewa sakhala nawo konse. Izi zimayenera kuganiziridwa ndi anthu omwe akufuna kupeza mabwalo olowera kumtunda.

Makhalidwe

Chinthu chinanso cha mtundu wapadera wa kavalo ndi nzeru, malingaliro osasamala komanso okondana. Ziweto siziwonetsa zachiwawa kwa anthu ndi nyama zoyandikana nazo. Nthawi zonse amakumana ndi mwiniwakeyo komanso ena a m'banja lake amakhumudwa. A Yakut racers amamva bwino kwambiri m'busa, choncho akulimbikitsidwa kusungidwa m'gulu la ziweto zomwe zimakhala ndi 1 stallion ndi 15-20 akazi. Mwachikhalidwe, obereketsa akhala akuyesera mobwerezabwereza kuphwanya ubwino wa mtunduwo, kuwoloka iwo ndi achibale ena. Komabe, zoyesayesazi sizinapangidwe korona bwino, chifukwa chake mitunduyi idasungabe chikhalidwe chake choyambirira.

Ndikofunikira! Ndikoletsedwa kusakaniza kavalo musanayambe, panthawi komanso mutatha kudya. Kuletsedwa kumagwiranso ntchito kwa zinyama zotumpha.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Bulu la Yakut ndilo mtundu wamtundu wobadwira umene umakonda kusankhidwa ndi mphamvu yosankhidwa. Lili ndi malo abwino kwambiri omwe amachitira kumpoto kwa Russia. Ophunzira okwera akavalo amadziwika bwino ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani izi pansipa.

Ndikofunikira! Kusamalidwa kwa akavalo kumafuna nkhumba zawo. Kupanda ukhondo, kusamalira kosayenera ndi zakudya zosafunika nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zowopsa zazinyama. Choncho, tsiku lililonse muyenera kufufuza ndi kuyeretsa nsapato zakutchire.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Anthu okonda zachiwawa amakula ngati ntchito yamphamvu komanso yolimbikira. Ngakhale kuti ndi zochepa komanso zowonongeka, nyamazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a ku Russia okwera. Komanso, anthu achibadwidwe a Yakutia ali okoma mtima kwa akavalo awa, kuwapatsa ulemu chifukwa cha mphatso zawo zaumulungu. Nthano zambiri za m'dera lanu zimatchula mulungu Jessegui, yemwe ndi woyera mtima wonyamula mahatchi ndi amuna olimbika mtima. Chifukwa cha ulemu wake, Yakuts chaka chilichonse amakonza maholide okondwa, zomwe zikuchitika pakati pawo.

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zosangalatsa, ntchito yolemetsa mu nyengo yovuta ya Yakut nayenso inagwera gawo la manes. Koma ndi ntchitoyi, mahatchi amawongolera popanda kuwonongera thanzi lawo, chifukwa moyo wawo, komanso ntchito yawo, amayeza zaka 27-30.

Ndizochitika kuti abambo okwera akavalo samagwiritsa ntchito akavalo akukwera pazinthu zina. Ambiri oimira mitundu imeneyi anayenda ulendo wachisanu kuti akonze kumpoto kwa Russia, chifukwa amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, ngakhale m'misewu yamapiri.

Mukudziwa? Mahatchi ali ndi malingaliro apadera a fungo, omwe amawathandiza kuzindikira mantha a wokwera. Poyambirira, pofuna kuti asayambitse ziwawa zowononga zinyama, eni ake ankawombetsa manja awo ndi mafuta onunkhira. Ndiponso, mahatchi amanjenjemera kwambiri kuchokera kununkhiza kwa magazi.

Kwa azing'onowo, zinyama izi ndizopeza zenizeni, popeza zimatha kuyendayenda bwino. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa katundu ndi zovala.

Njira yachiwiri yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa akavalo a Yakut ndi nyama ndi mkaka. Kwa zolinga zoterezi, anthu abwino omwe sanagwiritsepopo chilolezo ndi thula. Mkaka wa mahatchi ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga koumiss, yomwe ndi zakumwa zakumwa za Yakuts.

Ng'ombe ya mahatchi imaphatikizidwanso mu miyambo yawo yophikira ndipo imatengedwa ngati mbale yodzikongoletsera. Nyama ili ndi calorie yapamwamba yambiri, kukoma kokoma ndi marble. Komabe, mafuta amawonongeka, koma, mosiyana, kupereka zodabwitsa zofewa.

Mndandanda wa ndende ndi chisamaliro

Popeza zosiyanazi mofulumira zimasinthira kuzinthu zatsopano ndipo sizikusowa zina "zothandizira", kusamalira oimira ake sikudzabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa obereketsa. M'magazi a mares ndi ma stallions omwe amabadwa nawo amaphatikizapo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Choncho, anthu oterowo sadzakhala omasuka kwambiri mu khola lotsekedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Dzulu la akavalo ndi chiwalo chovuta kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino. Pamene kulemera kwake kwa nyama kumaphatikizira pa cornea, magazi kuchokera ku phazi amaponyedwa mmwamba mwa mitsempha. Kotero, gawo ili la thupi limagwira ntchito yofalitsa mpope. Ndicho chifukwa chake kulimbikitsidwa kuti mahatchi azisinthidwa mwezi uliwonse. Ndipotu, kuvala kwawo kwakukulu kumateteza kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe pakadutsa, komwe kumadza ndi matenda angapo oopsa a akavalo.

Kwa iwo, kukhalapo kwa gulu ndi malo aulere n'kofunika. Choncho, ngati mukukonzekera kusunga mahatchi a Yakut mu khola lotsekedwa, nthawi zonse mulole kusuntha kwaufulu pamalo omwe mwasankha. Ophunzira okwera akavalo amalimbikitsa malo akumidzi ngati njira yabwino yosunga mtundu wa Yakut. Kuphatikiza apo, wobereketsa ayenera kusamalira mawadi awo.

Ntchito izi zikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

• kuphwanya nthawi ndi mchira ndi mchira;
• Kufufuza ndi kuyeretsa nsomba tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za akavalo;
• kuyeretsa mutu, khosi, kumbuyo, miyendo, zomwe zimachitidwa ndi maburashi ofewa ndi ovuta;
• kuyendera ziweto, zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa miyezi 6-12 iliyonse;
• kusakaniza mano anu ndi siponji yapadera (analimbikitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi);
• kuyeretsedwa kwa diso (kutayidwa ndi spongule osankhidwa);
• Kusamba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi otentha a ziwalo zoberekera zakunja ndi udder, kuyeretsa ndi mafuta.

Werengani ndondomeko ya akavalo okwera bwino.

M'nyengo yozizira, kusamalidwa kwa akavalo a Yakut kumangokhala kuchotsa thukuta pa khungu, kuphatikiza ndi ukhondo wa ziboda.

Kudyetsa

Pakusankha zakudya Zakudya zapamwamba zimakonda. Amazoloŵera ukwati wa chakudya, monga momwe chilengedwe chimayendetsera pansi pa chisanu. Pansi pa mlimi, akatswiri amauza kuti asayese mphamvu za ma ward awo ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti aziwathandiza ndipo aziwapatsa mitundu yodziwika bwino yodyetsa pa kavalo: zolinga kapena kukakamizidwa.

Oimira a mtundu uwu amadya msipu, tirigu. Poyamba m'nyengo ya chilimwe amatengedwa kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Komanso, nyama zimakonda kwambiri beets, kaloti, mbatata, maapulo, shuga.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati kavalo sakufunafuna chakudya ndi mapampu amapezeka mkamwa mwake, mano akutembenuka adzafunika. Njirayi imayambitsidwa ndi veterinarian.

Mabala a mares, komanso nyama zazing'ono asanalowe msinkhu, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azidyetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi zakudya zopambana. Kuti ma ward asavutike ndi tizilombo toyamwa magazi mu nyengo yotentha, padzafunika utsi wapadera wofukiza utsi. Monga mukuonera, mahatchi a Yakut safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo sali ovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke komanso zothandiza. Ndipo kusunga malamulo a pulayimale mu chisamaliro ndi kukonza zowakometsera zokwanirazi kumapangitsa ntchito yawo ndi thanzi labwino.