Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika ndi ulimi wamaluwa kwa zaka zoposa zana. Poyamba, amapezeka m'munda uliwonse, ndipo lero waiwala pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo. Komabe, iwo omwe anakhalabe okhulupirika kwa iye, atenge zokolola za maapulo okongola ndi kukoma kokoma.
Tsatanetsatane wa mitundu ya apulo "Cinnamon"
Kuti muzindikire ubwino wa mtengo wamunda, ndibwino kuti muwerenge mosamalitsa kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Cinnamon Striped".
Zizindikiro za mtengo
Mtengo wolimba komanso wodala wamtengo wapatali umayamba kupanga tsache kapena koronadi ya piramidi, yomwe ili ndi nthawi yambiri. Nthambi zowoneka bwino komanso zazitali za mthunzi wofiira zimapangidwa, zomwe zimaphimba ndi masamba pamwamba pa pamwamba, sizimakula kuchokera pansi.
Iwo amadziwika ndi mdima wandiweyani wakuda, wokongola kwambiri, wokhala pamphepete mwa mzere, wokhala ndi zowawa komanso zapansi. Kutalika kwa mtengo wa apulo "Cinnamon Striped" ndiposa oposa, omwe ayenera kuonedwa pamene mukubzala.
Komanso mungathe kuwerenga za kulima mitundu yotsatirayi: "Berkutovskoe", "Mtengo", "Sun", "Zhigulevskoe", "Northern Synapse", "Sinap Orlovsky", "Kudzaza Kwambiri", "Silver Hoof", "Orlik", "Streyfling", "Semerenko", "Gloucester".
Maluwa amawoneka masika: oyera ndi pinki, kukula kwake, mapafupi amakhala otseka pang'ono. Iwo ali ndi fungo lopitirira ndi lopweteka lomwe limakopa tizilombo.
Mbali za chipatso
Zipatso zoyamba zimawoneka pamtengo kuchokera chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo wake, koma zosawerengeka kwambiri. Zokolola zabwino zingathe kukolola kuchokera chaka cha khumi cha moyo wa mtengo.
Nthaŵi yakucha ya maapulo "Cinnamon Striped" amaonedwa kuti ndi yaifupi. Zipatso zoyamba zipsa mu September. Iwo samaumbidwa pamwamba pa nthambi yonse, koma kumapeto kwa mphukira, kotero zimakhala zovuta kunena kuti zosiyanasiyana zimapatsa.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, V. A. Levshin amakumbukira zosiyana siyana mu ntchito yake "Gavande, kapena Malangizo Othandiza M'madera Onse Olima" kuyambira 1810. Patapita zaka 38, wolima chipatso cha Moscow N. A. Krasnoglazov anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Koma amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana inkaonekera kale kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi masoka ozungulira.
Mitengo yolemera yolemera ndi 70-90 g, komabe maapulo akhoza kutsanulira mpaka 120 g Poyambirira iwo amajambula mu utoto wobiriwira, ndipo akamapsa amawasintha kukhala achikasu ndi mikwingwirima yofiira.
Thupi ndi lachikasu, pinki pansi pa khungu losalala, m'malo molimba. Kukoma kwa maapulo ndi okoma, okometsera, ndi zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira za sinamoni. Mapindu a maapulo a "Cinnamon Striped" a thupi sali okhutira mavitamini okha, komanso amakhalanso ndi kalori yokwanira ya zipatso - pafupifupi 45 kcal pa 100 g ya zipatso.
Mapindu ndi matope a mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Cinnamon"
Mofanana ndi zina zosiyanasiyana, zili ndi mbali zabwino komanso zoipa, zomwe zimasankhidwa kapena wamaluwa amakana kugwira nawo ntchito. Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi:
- kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo iliyonse (mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamabowo zipatso kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa dziko);
- ali ndi kutentha kwachisanu (ngakhale kuposa "Anis" kapena "Antonovka");
- Zipatso zili ndi moyo wautali (pafupifupi miyezi 2-3);
- amasiyana ndi fungo lapadera ndi kukoma;
- kuyang'ana kokongola kwambiri.
Zina mwa zolephera za zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
- popeza korona wa mtengo ukukwera kwambiri, amafuna malo akuluakulu kuti akule;
- amawoneka ngati matenda a apulo;
- ngati kamwana kamene kamalandira vuto lochepa, limachepa mofulumira;
- Zipatso zili ndi vitamini C;
- kumapeto kwa fruiting;
- Perekani apulo "Kaminamoni yofiira" pansi, mpaka makilogalamu 150 pachaka nthawi yabwino, ndipo kulemera kwa maapulo ndi kochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina mtengo umakhala ndi nthawi zambiri zowonjezera fruiting. Zikatero, zothandizira ziyenera kuikidwa pansi pa nthambi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri sizilimbana ndi kukula kwa mbeu.
Kuwongolera kwa mtengo wa apulo "Cinnamon"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana siyiyendetsa mungu, ndi mtengo wokhawokha. Pofuna kukolola, m'pofunika kudzala mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo pafupi.
Mitundu yoyandikana nayo monga Moscow Pear ndi Papirovka imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zokolola.
Njira ina yomwe imathandizira kuwirikiza zokolola zosiyanasiyana ndi njuchi, zomwe ziyenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo kapena patali.
Mukudziwa? "Cinnamon striped" anakhala mtsogoleri wa mitundu yoposa 20 yotchuka tsopano: "Aelita", "Cypress", "Chisangalalo chakumapeto", "Medunica" ndi ena. Koma otchuka kwambiri amakhala "Nanaini ya Chinangwa" ndi "Kusuta Fodya". Osati kokha ndi mtundu wokongola wa zipatso, mitengo ya apulo yokha imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda angapo.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mbande za mbande "Cinnamon"
Kuti apulole "Michere yamchere" inapereka zokolola zabwino, ndikofunika kulima bwino ndikusamalira. Momwe tingachitire, tidzatha kumvetsetsa.
Nthawi ndi malo oti mufike
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala apulo ya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kuyambira pa April 20 mpaka May 15. Mukhozanso kugwa mu kugwa, kuchokera pa September 10 mpaka October 15. Kubzala mbande kungatheke kumapeto kwa nyengo. Koma ngati simungakhoze kubzala mbewu panthawiyi, mukhoza kuiyika pa sitelo ndikuchoka mpaka masika, ndikubzala mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse.
Pa kalasi yoyenera bwino-hydrated, yotayidwa, dothi lachonde. Choncho, yabwino kalasi amamva pa kuyimitsidwa, loamy, leached chernozem ndi ndale acidity. Ngati nthaka ndi mchenga kwambiri, muyenera kupanga feteleza mchere.
Ganizirani za kuya kwa pansi. Ndikofunika kuti iwo asakhale oposa 3 mamita pamwambapo, mwinamwake mizu ya mtengo idzaonongeka, yomwe idzakhudza zokolola zake ndi chikhalidwe chonse.
Chinthu china chofunika - kubzala apulo "Kaminamoni zofiira" ziyenera kuchitika pamalo otetezedwa ku mphepo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti mitengo ikuluikulu isinthe malo ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Komanso pamalowa ayenera kukhala kuwala kokwanira. Dzuwa lochepa limakhudza pang'ono kukula kwa mtengo. Koma zokolola zimatayika shuga zake.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Pakuti kubzala mbande ayenera kukumba dzenje mu malo osankhidwa. Ziyenera kukhala zofanana kukula ngati dothi, ndipo zikhale zakuya pafupifupi theka la mita. Koma ngati tikukamba za nthaka ya mchenga, imakumba pafupi mita imodzi. Kenaka mtengowo udzakhala ndi mchere komanso chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati dzenje liri lalikulu, mmerawo udzawonjezera kubiriwira, osati kupanga zipatso.Pansi pa dzenje munapanga chisakanizo cha 3 makilogalamu a vermicompost ndi 3-4 makilogalamu a manyowa. Idzateteza mizu ku chisanu m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, pamene sapling sichinafanane ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Mbande za Apple "Mchere wamchere" usanadzalemo amafunikanso kukonzekera. Kuti bwino kukhala ndi korona, m'pofunika kudula nthambi. Nthambi ziyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera ku masamba ndi pafupifupi 90%, kusiya masamba payekha.
Kubzala mbande zamakono
Mbewu yokonzedwa imayikidwa mu dzenje ndipo mizu imayendetsedwa mmenemo kuti asakule palimodzi ndipo musagwedezeke. Ndiye mizu ili ndi dziko lapansi. Khosi lazu liyenera kutembenuzidwira kumwera ndikukwera 5-7 cm pamwamba pa pamwamba.
Dziko lapansi lozungulira thunthu liyenera kukhala lolimba pansi, likhale phulusa pozungulira, chifukwa patapita nthawi dziko lidzakhazikika ndipo chitunda chidzakhala chofanana ndi nthaka. Tsopano malo otsetsereka ayenera kuthiridwa mochuluka za chidebe cha madzi, ndi zina zambiri. Mtengo uyenera kumangirizidwa kuti usaswe ndi mphepo.
Mmene mungasamalire apulo "Cinnamon Striped"
Zokolola za mitengo yamaluwa zimakhudzidwa ndi teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi ya kulima apulo. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapanga kukula kwa izi?
Nthawi zambiri kumamwa
Choyamba, ndikofunika kuthirira mtengo molondola komanso nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mwezi umodzi osachepera kanayi: zidebe ziwiri m'mawa ndi zidebe ziwiri madzulo. Kuthira kawirikawiri kawiri kawiri kumayenera kukhala nthawi yopatsa masamba kwa nyengo yotsatira (July ndi August), komanso nthawi ya zipatso (August - September).
Kupaka ulimi wothirira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira, yomwe mungadzipangire ku mabotolo apulasitiki.
Mu September, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti madzi asadziwe mu nthaka isanafike nyengo yozizira. M'malo mwake, chisanu chisanayambe, bwalo la pristvolny ndi lofunika kuti likhale ndi manyowa kapena utuchi. Komabe, ngati chirimwe chili m'malo mvula, ndibwino kuti musamachite ulimi wothirira, ngati chinyontho choposa chisawononge mtengo wa apulo.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza pamwamba pa mtengo wa apulo kumachitika m'chaka ndi kugwa. M'chaka, manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pafupifupi 5-10 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. Iwo anawonjezera 40 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi nitroammofoskoy kapena 500 g wa urea. M'dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni-yopanda zovuta mchere feteleza zomwe zimapangidwira mitengo ya zipatso.
Kudulira zolemba
Chaka chilichonse ayenera kudulidwa. Izi zidzakulitsa zokolola za mtengo, kukoma kwa chipatso komanso kusintha bwino mbewu. Kusamalira mtengo wa apulo kumaphatikizapo kudulira kasupe, komwe kumachitika mu April musanafike maluwa.
Choyamba, matenda, akale ndi zouma nthambi amachotsedwa masika. Dulani nthambi zomwe zimatsamira pansi. Ngati izi sizinachitike, kugwa amatha kuchoka pansi pa zipatso, kuwononga kaloti, kudzera m'matenda osiyanasiyana.
Pamodzi ndi iwo nkofunikira kuchotsa makungwa akufa, omwe angakhale otetezera kwambiri matenda a fungal. Pamapeto pake, payenera kukhala nthambi zamphamvu ndi zomanga.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi ina simungathe kuchotsapo gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a nthambi zonse, mwinamwake mtengo ukhoza kuvutika.
Kukanika kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, kulimbana ngati tikugonjetsedwa
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yachirengedwe, osati yokhazikika, imakhala ndi matenda oteteza matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amadziwika ndi mitengo ya apulo. Choncho, nkofunika kuti athetsere, atcheru mtengo ndi nthawi yogonjetsa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda.
Mitundu ya tizilombo ta tizilombo nthawi zambiri imagwira mtengo wa sucker, nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zikulimbana ndi benzophosphate. Kuchita izi, kuchepetsa 60 g wa mankhwala mu chidebe cha madzi ndikupopera mtengo. Poyamba m'pofunika kuchotsa makungwa akale.
Kuteteza mazira apulo kuchokera ku tizirombo kumathandiza mankhwala apadera - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: "Decis", "Nurel D", "Actofit", "Kinmiks", "Calypso", "Bitoksibatsillin", "Karbofos", "Inta-vir", "Komandor".
Komanso zipatso zofiira zimatha kukantha mtengo. Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera 250 g ya nitrophene mu chidebe cha madzi, yomwe imafalikira kumapeto kwa impso kusapsa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkofunika kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi mankhwala a chlorophos (25 g pa chidebe cha madzi), zomwe zidzateteza mawonekedwe a masamba ndi tsvetoeda.
Tizilombo tina timene timapweteka mtengo ndi njenjete. Kuti muchotse izo, gwiritsani ntchito zida zotchedwa mteti. Kuti apange iwo, amatenga mapepala, aziphindikize mu zigawo zitatu ndi kuzikonza pamtengo pambuyo pa maluwa.
Tizilombo timakwera mkati mwa ming'alu, kenako chimachotsedwa, kutenthedwa, ndi chatsopano chimakhazikika pamalo ake. Monga chiwopsezo, kugwa, masamba ndi zipatso zakugwa, zomwe tizilombo timatha kuzizira, zimachotsedwa pansi pa mtengo.
Kuchokera ku matenda mtengo nthawi zambiri uli ndi powdery mildew, nkhanambo. Monga njira yowiteteza, mitengo ya m'chaka imachiritsidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi 3% ndi mkuwa, potaziyamu klorini 10% kapena ndi yankho la urea ndi 7%.
Komanso pamutu wa mizu kapena mizu iwowo angawonekere maphunziro - chomwe chimatchedwa khansa ya mizu. Iyenera kudulidwa ndi kuika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi ndi 1% yothetsera mchere sulphate (100 g pa chidebe cha madzi). Pofuna kupewa cytosporosis, thunthu limatulutsidwa ndi sulphate yamkuwa ya 1%.
Mungathe kulimbana ndi matenda a apulo mothandizidwa ndi fungicides otsatirawa: Antracol, Thiovit Jet, Colloidal Sulfur, Xom, ndi Scor.
Nthawi yokolola ndi yosungiramo zokolola za apulo mitundu "Mchere wamchere"
Maapulo opsa kumapeto kwa August, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa September, mungathe kugwira ntchito yokolola yaikulu. Kukolola kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge zipatso - apulo transportability "Cinnamon Striped" ndi yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka pang'ono, apulo imatha kufulumira. Aikeni m'matumba kapena awaike pa nsalu.
Sungani zipatso mu chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kwa 0-4 ° С ndi otsika chinyezi. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muwone zokolola ndikuchotsa zipatso zosawonongeka m'nthaŵi, mwinamwake mbewu idzathera mwamsanga zonse. Ndi yosungirako bwino, ikhoza kubodza kwa miyezi 2-3, kufikira December - January.
Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa maapulo "Mchere wamchere" ndi wotsika, zokololazo ndizochepa, zosiyanasiyana zimakonda ndi wamaluwa - kukoma kwake kumakhala kosavuta. Kusamalira mtengo si kophweka, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa chitetezo cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Koma alimi aliwonse omwe ali ndi zovuta adzagwira ntchitoyi mosavuta.
