Poyambira m'dzinja, mphesa zimapezeka pamasamba a masitolo ndi misika. Tonse tikuyembekezera nthawi ino pamene mutha kukondwera ndi kukoma kokoma ndi zonunkhira za zipatso zowutsa.
Amatikondweretsa ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ogula asankhe, komabe, amakumana ndi chisankho chovuta kwa anthu omwe amasankha kukula kwachisangalalo m'munda wawo.
M'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana bwinobwino za mphesa, zomwe zimatchedwa "Buffet", phunzirani maonekedwe onse ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu yatsopanoyi, yang'anani pa chithunzichi ndikupezapo malingaliro ochokera kwa alimi odziwa bwino za kukula kwa chomera ichi.
M'tsogolomu, izi zidzakuthandizani kusankha pazomwe mungasankhire nokha ndi banja lanu.
Mbiri
Mphesa zamphesa zimayimira mtundu wosakanizidwa. Mbiri ya chilengedwe chake chimachokera mumzinda wa Zaporozhye, kumene kumakhalako wobadwira Vitaly Vladimirovich Zagorulko anabweretsa mwa kudutsa mitundu iwiri yotchuka: "Kuban" ndi "Mphatso Zaporozhye". Pofika chaka cha 2008, "Buffet" idakonzeka kale kukhazikitsidwa. 
Werengani zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa mphesa woterewu womwe unabzalidwa ndi wofalitsa V. Zagorulko: "Kusintha", "Lily of the Valley", "Libiya", "Bazhena", "Ruslan".
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Pofuna kubzala mbewu, mitundu imeneyi imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yoyamba kapena yam'mbuyo. Mitengo ya zipatso imakula kuyambira masiku 110 mpaka 130, malinga ndi nyengo ndi nyengo. Ndikokuti, zokolola zikhoza kukonzedwa pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Mitengo imasiyana ndi oimira ena ndi nthambi zawo ndi mphamvu yakukula. Iwo ali ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a mphukira (mpaka mphukira 15 pa 1 mamita nthawi zambiri) ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Masamba amakula pamtunda, wozungulira, wobiriwira. Maluwa amapangidwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Masangowa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a masentimita 600 mpaka 800. Iwo amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kukula kwakukulu, kwakukulu, buluu wakuda kapena wofiirira, zipatso za oblong. Khungu pa iwo ndi lochepa, lakuda, ndi yokutidwa kwa sera, zomwe zimapangitsa bwino kusintha kwa mphesa.
Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wolimba, uli ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri ndi fungo losangalatsa. Zotsatila zikhoza kukumbutsa za mabulosi kapena zoumba. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumasiyanasiyana ndi magalamu 8 mpaka 12.
Mukudziwa? Mawonekedwe a mphesa ali ndi mavitamini ochuluka kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo zinthu zoposa 150 zomwe zimakhudza zinthu: mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini, pectin, mavitamini, mavitamini, zizindikiro monga chitsulo, ayodini, cobalt, manganese, mkuwa, molybdenum, fluorine, zinc. Caloriki wokhutira magalamu 100 a mankhwalawa ndi pafupifupi 65 kcal. Mu mankhwala, palinso chinthu monga "ampelotherapy" - mankhwala ndi mphesa, zipatso zake, masamba ndi nkhuni.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Musanayambe kubzala mphesa m'munda mwanu ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokolola zokolola zake mumtundu uliwonse, ndi bwino kuganizira zofunikira zonse za kulima kotero kuti chomera chikhale ndi thanzi komanso chokwanira.
Kuunikira
Kuunikira kumathandiza kwambiri pakukula ndi kupanga mphesa. Choncho, dera lomwe liri pambali kuti likhale laulere, likhoza kupeza kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutentha ndi mpweya.
Zosowa za nthaka
Posankha gawo lodzala, ndi bwino kuganizira momwe nthaka ikuyendera. Dothi lakuda (loamy, mchenga, etc.) limaonedwa kuti ndi lachonde kwambiri, koma nthaka yamchere ndi ya saline si yoyenera kukula izi zitsamba. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukudziwa kuti madzi omwe ali pansi pa malo omwe adasankhidwa kuti akhale mphesa ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndi bwino kuyesa madzi okwanira kuti athetse chinyezi.Mizu ya minda yamphesa imakula bwino m'nthaka yosasunthika, yomwe imalola kuti madzi ndi mphepo ziziyenda momasuka. Komanso, kusakanizidwa kwa nthaka ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizingakhale zopanda pake, makamaka ngati ndizosauka.
Musaiwale kuti malo oti mubzala ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kugwa, nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa m'chilimwe.
Malowa amachotsedwa namsongole, zinyalala zosiyanasiyana ndi miyala, imakumbidwa kwambiri ndi kumasulidwa. Zimalangizidwa kuti asunge nthaka mu dziko lino mpaka kugwa, musanayambe mitsuko ndi mitunda.
Kubzala Buffet mphesa
Tsopano tikutembenukira mwachindunji kubzala mphesa pa tsamba. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane njira zonse ndi zofunikira za njirayi.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Posankha mphesa, ndi bwino kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Pezani kugula m'masitolo apadera kumene mungapereke chikalata cha katundu wamtengo wapatali. Musagule chinthucho m'misika kuchokera kwa alendo.
- Mizu ya mbande iyenera kukhala yabwino, yotentha komanso yotetezedwa ku kuyanika. Ngati muzu udauma, palibe chomwe chidzapulumutse.
- M'dzinja, musagule mbande zokoma, zomwe muli masamba. Chifukwa cha iwo, chomeracho chimataya mphamvu zake zonse.
- Kupeza zokolola kuli bwino mu malonda osakhalitsa amalonda a mphesa, ndiko kuti "mu nyengo". Mukawona kuti chomeracho chikugulitsidwa kale kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomalizira - ndibwino kuti musagule. Mwinamwake, kusamba koyambirira kwa mpesa kumabwera chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala mankhwala ndipo mphesa zoterozo ndizokhwima pokhapokha: ziri ndi zakudya zochepa zokha, zosungidwa bwino komanso zozikika.
- Malo opatsirana katemera ayenera kuonekera bwino pa thunthu.
- Maonekedwe a mmerawo ayenera kukhala okongola: ayenera kukhala amphumphu, opanda kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kusinthasintha, kuyang'ana wamoyo ndi wathanzi.
Nthawi
Ubwino wa Buffet mphesa ndi chisanu chotsutsa. Chomeracho chikhoza kubzalidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa masika, popanda mantha usiku. Kawirikawiri, masiku odzala a zosiyanasiyanawa adatambasulidwa: amafesedwa kuyambira masiku oyambirira a March mpaka May. 
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kubzala kasupe kuli bwino kubzala "Tebulo lamagetsi" posakhalitsa. Ngati muchedwa kuchepetsa ntchitoyi, izi zidzasokoneza moyo wake, kuchepetsani nthawi ya zomera ndikupangitsa kuti zomera zisachepe.
Palinso mwayi wodzala zosiyanasiyana mu kugwa, zomwe zidzakula nyengo yake yokula. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa November, kusamalira malo okhala ndi kutentha kwa mbande m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kutentha kwa nthaka nthawi yomweyo.
Kulowera
Popeza kuti mphesa za mphesa zimakhala zazikulu komanso zowonjezera, mizere iyenera kukhala yowonjezereka kwambiri, kuti zisalowetse kutuluka kwa dzuŵa ndi mpweya ku zipatso. Chiwembu chabwino kwa iye chidzakhala mamita 3x3. Mtunda umenewu umalola kuti mizu ikhale yosasokonezeka, ndipo chomeracho chimakhala chokoma. 
Mukudziwa? Mukafesa parsley pansi pa mabedi ndi mphesa, zimathandiza tchire kukamenyana ndi tizilombo todutsa ndipo mphesa zidzakula bwino.
Maphunziro a Gulu
Mbewu zitabzalidwa pansi, ndi kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti ntchitoyo yachitika ndipo tsopano ikungodikirira kuti zipatso ziwonekere.
Mphesa yamphesa imapeza mauthenga ambiri ochokera kwa odziwa bwino ntchito yamaluwa ndipo onse amaganiza kuti kuti chokolola chikhale chokoma, chapamwamba, chomera chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwake.
Kuthirira
Pambuyo mutabzala, mmera uliwonse udzafuna madzi okwanira 20 malita. Popeza mphesa zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, ndizomveka kuti panthawi ya kukula zimadya chinyezi. Kuthirira ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha mpesa. Muyenera kupitilira, posankha ndikukonzekera malowa, kuti muzisamalira bwino, wothirira ndi kuthirira mbewu zomwe zili pansi pake, makamaka nthawi youma.
Feteleza
M'chaka, tchire la mphesa lisatseguke, zimalangizidwa kudyetsa nthaka ndi mchere feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, osakaniza: 200 magalamu a superphosphate pa 100 magalamu a ammonium sulphate.
Izi zidzathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a inflorescences, zipatso zopsa komanso shuga wambiri, komanso kukula kwazitsamba ndi kuonjezera zokolola za tchire.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kugwa kwadothi kunamera ndi manyowa, palibe chofunikira cha feteleza mchere m'chaka.
Kuwonjezera pa mineral, mphesa zanu zidzakhala zosangalatsa komanso feteleza. Pano pali chitsanzo cha feteleza wothirira mafuta: 200 magalamu a superphosphate, magalamu 100 a ammonium sulphate ndi 700 magalamu a kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda. Chiwerengero ichi chiwerengedwa pa chitsamba chimodzi.Pambuyo pa umuna, dothi liyenera kukhala losakanizidwa ndi kumasulidwa.
Kudulira
Pofuna kuti asamangotsika tchire, amayenera kudulidwa nthawi zonse. Ndi bwino kuchita zimenezi kumapeto kwa madzi, madzi asanayambe mphukira, kuti asayese "kulira kwa mpesa." Mphukira imfupikitsidwa ndi maso asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu, ndidadulidwa oblique, mwabwino.
Ndiyeneranso kuchotsa mizu yomwe imamera kuchokera pansi mpaka kumtunda, ndipo kumadera ena kumasula nthambi ku makungwa akale owuma. Izi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi dzanja kapena ndi burashi yapadera, mosamala kwambiri.
Momwe mungatetezere mphesa ku matenda ndi tizirombo
"Bukhu la Kulandila" zosiyanasiyana sizingatheke ku matenda ndi mavairasi kusiyana ndi "achibale" ake. Adani ake aakulu ndi matenda a fungal: mildew, Alternaria, anthracnose ndi oidium.
Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzichiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo nthawi zonse muzifufuza masamba ndi zipatso za matenda. Nazi mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amalimbana bwino ndi matenda a mphesa: Delan, Chorus, Collis, Topaz, Talendo, Tanoz, Quadris ndi ena. 
Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zingathe kuwononga mphesa zanu ndi mayina otsatirawa: moths, kumva nthata, tsikadki ndi thrips. Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito ndi "Bi-58", "Vertimek", "Calypso", "Avant", "Fastak", "Lannat 20L" ndi ena.
Mukhoza kugula mankhwalawa mumasitolo apadera ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito m'tsogolomu mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe amapezeka.
Kodi ndikusowa malo ogonera?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mphesa ya Buffet imasiyanitsidwa ndi chisanu chotsutsa. Amakula bwino pamatentha mpaka -22 ° C. Ngati m'dera lanu m'nyengo yozizira si nkhanza ndipo kutentha sikutsika pansi pa chiwerengerochi, ndiye simukusowa kudandaula chifukwa chosunga mphesa zanu m'nyengo yozizira - zimakhala bwino m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati mumakhala kudera lomwe muli chisanu chochuluka komanso kutentha kwa mpweya kufika pa -22 ° C, khonani mpesa wanu kunthaka ndikuphimba ndi zojambula zakuda, mapepala kapena pulasitiki, ndikuzaza dziko lapansi. Kotero iwe umasunga mphesa mpaka masika.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa mitundu yofotokozedwa ndi izi:
- zabwino chisanu kukana;
- zokolola zimasungidwa mosamala panthawi yopita;
- Kukoma ndi kutsekemera kwa zipatso zokoma;
- Kukolola kwakukulu chifukwa cha bi-yopanda maluwa;
- kucha kwa mpesa wonse kutalika kwa mphukira;
- kukana matenda ena.
Tsopano, podziwa momwe mungakulire chokondweretsa ichi mmunda wanu, ambiri a inu, zedi, mukufuna kukhala eni ake. Tikukufunirani zokolola zabwino, zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndikulola kulima kwake kukubweretseni chimwemwe chokha.
