Anthu amene amadziwa za masamba monga mbatata, nthawi zambiri amawagwirizanitsa ndi mayiko okonda zachilendo. Koma zikutanthauza kuti masambawa akhoza kukula mu nyengo yozizira ya ku continental. Nkhanizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zenizeni za kulima yam yamadzi m'madera otentha.
Zosasangalatsa pakatikati: Kodi yam
Chomera choterechi chosatha ndi cha Ilomey ndi banja la Vyunkov. Kunja, ndi creeper yokwawa, yomwe kutalika kwake kungafike mamita asanu. Masamba ndi oboola pamtima kapena palmate, maluwa ndi aakulu, oyera kapena oyera. Chipatso ndi bokosi liri ndi mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Mbeu ya mbatata imamwa mowa, mwinamwake kukumbukira khofi. Masamba, atakwera m'madzi, amawonjezeredwa ku saladi.
Mtengo waukulu wa mbatata ndiwo tubers, womwe umakhala wa masentimita 30 m'litali. Kunja, amaoneka ngati mbatata, koma alibe maso. Mnofu ndi woyera, wachikasu, lalanje, kirimu - zimadalira zosiyanasiyana. 
Kukoma kwa tuberszi kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana, kungakhale kokoma kwambiri, ndi kokoma pang'ono, ndi mtedza kapena mkaka. Amadyedwa mu mitundu yophika, yokazinga, yophika komanso ya tchizi. Zimakhulupirira kuti dziko lakwawo la mbatata ndi South America, kuchokera kumene ilo lafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire zambiri zokhudza zopindulitsa za mizu ya masamba monga green radish, chikasu kaloti, cassava, rutabaga, turnips, beets, udzu winawake wa udzu winawake, daikon, girasi, wakuda ndi woyera radish.
M'mayiko otentha monga mayiko a China ndi Africa, amakula mu matani makumi khumi. Komabe, masambawa akhoza kupambana bwino pamtunda wautali, ngakhale kuti nyengo yowonjezereka imalimidwa ngati chomera chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kukula kwa tubers ndi kochepa kuposa kumadera otentha.
Ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ikuyenera kukula pakatikati
M'buku la Russia State Register of Achimvements Breeding, palibe mbatata zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Polima, makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yochokera kunja.
Nawa ena mwa iwo:
- Garnet - zosiyana-siyana-oyambirira, zimabadwira ku United States. Tubers ndi oblong, thupi ndi lokoma, lalanje.
- Tynung T-65 (Tainung T-65) - Zakale za Taiwan, zimakhala ndi tubers zazikulu zamkati, zokoma.
- "Purple" (Purple) - zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku USA za nthawi ya kucha, thupi ndi lofiirira, limakonda monga mbatata.
- "Ginseng Red" (Ginseng Red) - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yovomerezeka yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, thupi ndi lachikasu, lokoma kwambiri mu kukoma.
Onani zamtengo wapatali zam yam.
- Kugonjetsa-100 - Anakhazikitsidwa pamaziko osiyanasiyana otchedwa American Nancy Hall (Nancy Hall) ndipo tsopano akudziwika kuti ndi ambiri ku Russia. Mnofu ndi wachikasu, kukoma ndi kokoma.
Ndikofunikira! Mkhalidwe wa nyengo yozizira, nyengo yoyambirira ndi ya pakati pa nyengo ndi nyengo yomwe ikukula masiku osakwana 110 ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Kuyala zinthu kumaperekedwa bwino kuchokera ku batatovodov kapena ku malo apadera a ku Ulaya.
Zapadera za mbatata kumera: momwe mungamere mbande
Mbatata imafalikira ndi zipatso - izi zimamera pa tuber. Kuchokera ku tuber imodzi, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, mukhoza kupeza 10 mpaka 50 cuttings. Kuti kumera kwa ndiwo zamasamba kukonzekera gawo lapansi: kusakaniza gawo limodzi la nthaka, dothi ndi mchenga.
Amayamba kumera mu February kapena mu March, zimadalira microclimate. Tubers ayenera kukhala wathanzi, popanda kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi malo ofewa. 
Pali njira zingapo za kumera, zambiri za iwo zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Kumera m'madzi
Mwa njira iyi, tuber imayikidwa mu kapu ya madzi kuti gawo lakumunsi lizimiziridwa m'madzi ndi 1-2 masentimita. Madzi amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zimawonekera, tuber imaikidwa mu chidebe ndi gawo lapansi, apo ayi, pali ngozi yovunda. Kawirikawiri tubers amasungidwa m'madzi osaposa mwezi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumagula yam chifukwa chodzala m'masitolo nthawi zonse, ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi inhibitors, i.e. zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kuphuka kwazomera pa tuber. Pachifukwa ichi, zimereni kuti tubers sizingatheke.
Kumera mu nthaka
Mchitidwe wochuluka kwambiri wolima mazira m'nthaka. Mbendera imakonzedwa monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka zokolola za tubers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zonsezi sizikhala ndi ubwino wapadera wina ndi mnzake.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe bwino maonekedwe a ndiwo zamasamba monga parsnips, beets, scorzonera, Yerusalemu artichokes, turnips, udzu winawake, turnips ndi radish wakuda.
Zozengereza
Pachifukwa ichi, tuber imayikidwa pa gawo lapansi pang'onopang'ono, kumbali yake, ndi pang'ono. Ndibwino kuti gawolo likhale losakanizidwa nthawi zonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga chidebecho ndi tuber yomwe yatulukira pamalo otentha kutentha kutsika kuposa 20C. 
Zowoneka
Njira yosavuta - theka la tuber laikidwa pansi ndipo nthawi zonse madzi kutentha, kusunga nthaka nthawi zonse lonyowa. Zimaonekera, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa kuwala kokongola.
Mu njira ina yomwe imamera, tuber imadulidwa mu magawo aŵiri, yomwe imayikidwa mu chidutswa pansi mu gawo ndi kuthirira. Ndi njirayi, tizidulidwe timayang'ana kale komanso tambirimbiri, koma ngozi yowola ya tuber ikuwonjezeka. 
Pamene kumuika mbande
The cuttings akhoza kuikidwa pamtunda pansi, pamene miyeso yawo kufika 15-20 masentimita.Ngati mphukira yafika kufunika kukula, ndipo sangathe kubzalidwa panja, mbande anatsala m'nyumba. Pamene nyengo imaloleza kuti ikasuke mbande, cuttings wa kutalika kutalika amachotsedwa.
Pankhani ya nyengo, kawirikawiri zimaikidwa mu May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene palibe ngozi yobwerera chisanu. Cuttings ayenera kukonzekera kubzala.
Iwo amalekanitsidwa mosamala ku tuber (bwino kudula), koma ngati masamba apansi apangidwa, iwo amachotsedwa. Kenaka, zidutswazo zimayikidwa m'madzi masiku angapo. Panthawiyi, mizu iyenera kuyamba kupanga. Pambuyo maonekedwe a mizu, cuttings akhoza kubzalidwa lotseguka pansi.
Kudzala mbatata pamtunda
Pambuyo pokonzekera bwino ma cuttings ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yozizira, mbatata imabzalidwa pamtunda, yomwe imayenera kutentha kufika 15 ° C ... + 18 ° C. 
Kusankha kwa malo
Dothi lachonde lachonde limapindulitsa kwambiri masamba awa, koma limatha kukula pafupifupi. Malo omwe amalowetsa, ayenera kuyatsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Chomeracho sichimakonda mthunzi ndi madzi ochulukirapo chifukwa cha madzi osauka.
Ndi bwino kupanga mabedi ambirimbiri, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta kukumba mbewu. Kuti mukhale otentha, mukhoza (ndipo nthawi zambiri muyenera kuikapo) bedi ndi pulasitiki kukulunga ndi mabowo a mphukira yamtunda, pazifukwa izi, amawaza mabowo ndi mchenga. Malo a mbewu iyi akhoza kukhala dzungu, anyezi ndi phwetekere.
Kulowera
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi kufesa kubzala cuttings, pamene pansi ayenera kukhala awiri mfundo, kumene mizu zinamera. Komabe, ena wamaluwa amangokhalira kumanga cuttings popanda mizu pansi ndikuwamwetsa mochuluka - njira iyi imapulumutsa nthawi yambiri, koma nthawi zambiri sizitsamba zonse zimayamba mizu.
Video: Kuthamanga kwa mbatata
Mtunda pakati pa mizere pamene mutabzala ndi masentimita 70, ndipo zomera zokha m'mizera zimabzalidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Momwe mungakwirire yam yamkati pakati: malamulo a chisamaliro
Musanabzala, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta mchere feteleza kunthaka ndi chofunika cha sulphate. Mutabzala, mukhoza kudyetsa chomeracho ndi zinthu zakuthupi, osati maulendo awiri m'chilimwe - zikhoza kukhala mullein ndi kuwonjezera 50 g wa superphosphate pa chidebe pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe chokonzera ndondomeko pa mita imodzi ya bedi.
Pakati pa mwezi wa August, yam amadyetsedwa ndi fetashi feteleza. Njira yabwino yodzikongoletsera - phulusa losakaniza, pamene atenga makapu 2 a phulusa mu ndowa ndikuumiriza sabata ndi kuyambitsa nthawi.
Mwezi woyamba mutabzala, mabedi amathiridwa madzi mwakuti nthaka imakhala yothira. Kenaka mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira yafupika, ulimi wothirira nthawi zonse umachitika pamene dothi la pamwamba la nthaka limatha. Masabata awiri musanayambe kukolola, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa, mwinamwake ma tubers adzakhala madzi ambiri. 
Ngati bedi silinaphimbidwe ndi zojambulazo, ndiye kuti pali ngozi yowonongeka kwa internodes pa mphukira. Iwo akulimbana ndi izi mwa kungomangirira zomera ndi kuchotsa mizu yotereyi. Ngati izi sizichitika, zokolola zingachepe kwambiri, nthawi zina zero.
Mbewu imeneyi sikuti imadwala matenda. Ngati malowa sakhala otsekemera ndipo madzi atatha kuthirira, amatha kukhudza pang'ono ndi bowa. Pa tizirombo, mbewa ikuimira vuto lalikulu.
Pofuna kuthana nawo, mungagwiritse ntchito mpanda wa meta yapamwamba ya masentimita 30, yomwe imaphatikiziranso dropwise pafupifupi 30 cm chakuya. Amamenyana ndi mbewa komanso mothandizidwa ndi misampha, oopseza makompyuta, nyambo zamphepo (pakali pano ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mazelu).
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Nthawi yokolola imadalira zosiyanasiyana za mbatata, kawirikawiri ndi masiku 90-120 mutabzala.
Video: Kukolola kwa mbatata
Chizindikiro chosalunjika kuti ndi nthawi yoyeretsa ndi chikasu chobiriwira cha masamba. Dulani mosamala ma tubers, chifukwa iwo amawonongeka mosavuta. Kuonetsetsa kuti mbeu yosungirako nthawi yayitali yayitali, mbatata ya mbatata imapatsidwa njira zothandizira.
Ndondomekoyi imakhalapo chifukwa chakuti tubers imakhala malo ofunda kwa masiku 10 mpaka masabata awiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa izi ndi 30 ° + 35 ° C. Sungani mbewuzo mu mabokosi kapena mabokosi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kutentha kwa 20 ° C. Mukasungirako ndikofunika kusuntha tubers mochepa, izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "mbatata" limakongoletsedwa kuchokera ku chinenero cha Arawak - awa ndi mafuko achimwenye omwe amakhala ku South ndi Central America.
Zolakwa zingatheke pamene mukukula
Kawirikawiri Oyamba oyamba batatovody amapanga zolakwika pamene akukula masamba. 
Ambiri ndi awa:
- kuchedwa kumera kwa tubers, komwe kumabweretsa kuchedwa kubzala kwa mbeu yotseguka pansi;
- m'nyengo yoziziritsa, bedi silili ndi filimu, yomwe imachepetsa kapena imasiya kukula kwa mbewu;
- Chodzala pafupi ndi mabedi amkati a mbewu zapamwamba ndi nthambi monga chimanga kapena soya - amatha kubisala ndikuphimba maimidwe a yam;
- palibe kulimbana ndi mbewa za vole zomwe zimakula mofulumira ndipo zimatha kuwononga mbewu zonse.
Batata, ngakhale chiyambi cha kutentha, n'zotheka kukula mumlengalenga wapakati. Kulima kwake kwa mavuto apadera sikumayambitsa, koma muyenera kudziwa maulendo angapo ndipo mosamala mukugwira ntchito zonse zofunikira za agrotechnical. 
Kukoma kwabwino kwa mbatata kumapereka zifukwa zokwanira kuti wamaluwa ayambe kulima mbewu.
