Nemesia ndi chitsamba chokongola komanso chamaluwa chochuluka kuchokera kubanja la Norichen. Dziko lakwawo ndi la South Africa, koma m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi madera ena akum'mwera, chomera chimasintha bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale mawonekedwe osangalatsa, amasangalala ndi maluwa ambiri. Kwa alimi ambiri, nemesia amadziwika kuti "snapdragon". Maluwa ambiri owala a mawonekedwe osazolowereka amapanga mphukira wandiweyani omwe amatha kukongoletsa bwino khonde, bwalo kapena maluwa.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Nemesia ndi chikhalidwe chamakhalidwe osatha obzala m'dziko lathu chaka chilichonse. Mphukira, nthambi zosinthika zimakhala ndi zofewa, zokwawa pansi komanso zophukira pang'ono. Tsinde la tetrahedral limatsitsidwa ndi mulu waufupi wolimba m'litali lonse. Pafupifupi china chilichonse pamakhala timapepala totsimikizika kapena topanda, tokhala opanda petioles. Mbale yofewa yowoneka bwino yobiriwira imakhala ndi mano kumbali, m'mphepete simawoneka.
Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Julayi ndipo imatha mpaka theka loyamba la Seputembala. Maluwa osakwatiwa amakhazikika mpaka chisanu. Nemesia sikhala yozizira pamalo otseguka, chifukwa simalimbana ndi chisanu. Maluwa a airy ali pamwambapa pa mphukira. Corolla ya tubular imakhala ndi tiger tambiri ndipo imagawidwa m'magawo anayi. Ukulu wake ndi miyala iwiri yolingana ndi milomo. Maluwa amapaka utoto, chikasu, choyera, buluu ndi utoto. Pali zikho zonse ziwiri zowoneka bwino, komanso zokhala ndi mitundu iwiri. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 1.5-2 cm.
Pambuyo kupukutira, masamba obowola amdima amakhwima. Muli njere zazing'ono zambiri. Amasungabe mphamvu yoti zimere kwa zaka ziwiri.
Mitundu ya Nemesia
Mitundu ya nemesia imaphatikizapo mitundu 50 ya mbewu. Chikhalidwe sichimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ngati mbewu zamitundu mitundu zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ambiri okongola.
Nemesia ndiwonga. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chamadzi pachaka kumafika masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Amapanga korona wowonda wokutidwa ndi masamba kapena masamba obota. Mtundu wobiriwira wonse umakhala kutalika konse ndipo masamba ake amatulutsa maluwa. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira omwe amakhala ndi kuzungulira kwa pharynx. Makulidwe a corolla ofiira, a lalanje, apinki, achikasu kapena abuluu sapitilira 25 mm. Maluwa amayang'ana kwambiri kumapeto kwa njirazi m'm inflorescence pang'ono. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Moto wamfumu - nsalu yotchinga yopanda 30 cm yokhala ndi mphukira wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo imakutidwa ndi maluwa ofiira owopsa okhala ndi likulu la lalanje;
- Chovala cha King - inflorescence wandiweyani wokhala ndi thambo lamtambo wa buluu wamtambo komanso choyera choyera;
- Wofiyira ndi Woyera - m'maluwa ang'onoang'ono, mlomo wapamwamba ndi wofiyira, ndipo milomo yapansi ndiyoyera;
- Orange Prince - chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi maluwa okongola a malalanje;
- Chisangalalo - maluwa akulu ofiira kapena a lalanje amatuluka pachomera 15-20 cm.
Nemesia ndi azure. Duwa limakhala ndi udzu wophukira kutalika pafupifupi 40. Amapendekeka pang'ono, motero nyanjayo ndioyenera kulimidwa mochuluka. Maluwa amayamba mu June, pamene inflorescence yokhala ndi masamba oyera oyera, amtambo kapena a pinki amatulutsa kumapeto kwa mphukira.
Zophatikiza nemesia. Zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikiza mitundu yonse yosakanizidwa yomwe imakulitsidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Zimayambira ndi kutalika kwa 30-60 masentimita. Amakutidwa ndi masamba okongola, owoneka bwino komanso obiriwira bwino. Kutalika kwa chingwe chachikulu cha milomo iwiri ndi masentimita 2. Maluwa amapezeka nthawi yonse yotentha. Mtundu wa ma petals umatha kukhala monophonic kapena toni ziwiri.
Nemesia ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Mtengo wa herbaceous pachaka wokhala ndi nthambi zomata umakula mpaka 25cm. Masamba opanda mapesi amapezeka pa mphukira nthawi zambiri. Maluwa a Tubular amakhala ndi mawonekedwe pafupipafupi, okhala ndi chopepuka pakati komanso zowala m'mphepete mwa miyala. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Mtambo Wamtambo - m'mphepete mwa miyala-pentiyo ndi utoto wonyezimira, ndipo pakati ndi loyera kapena lachikasu.
- Edelblau - maluwa okongoletsa amatikumbutsa za kuiwalika-tayi.
Kukula ndi kubzala
Nemesia imamera pambewu. Zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka kapena m'mbuyomu mbande. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amayambira masabata 4-5 mutabzala. M'malo otentha, mbewu zimafesedwa m'mundamo nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu ziyenera kuchitika pakati kapena kumapeto kwa kasupe. Munthu wokhala ku Africa salekerera nthawi yobwerera. Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lachonde. Iyenera kukumba ndi kumasula mosamala, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, onjezani mchenga. Zomera zosaya pansi zimapangidwa motalikirana ndi 25 cm kuchokera ku wina ndi mzake. Mbewu zimagawidwa pakuya kwa 1-1,5 masentimita ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Mbewu zimakutidwa ndi kanema, yomwe imatsalira ngakhale atawonekera mphukira yoyamba. Nemesia yaying'ono imafunikira kuti mpweya wabwino uzilowa tsiku ndi tsiku ngati nthaka ikuluma. Mbewu zimamera pomaliza masabata awiri mutabzala. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba awiri enieni zimadulidwa kapena kuziika kuti zigawidwe m'munda wamaluwa.
Pa maluwa apoyamba, mbande imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kubzala kumachitika m'mabokosi osaya ndi dothi labwino. Gwiritsani ntchito pansi pamunda ndi mchenga. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimagawidwa mosamala m'minda yopanda nthaka ndikuwaza ndi dothi loonda. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema, chomwe chimachotsedwa tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 15-30. Kutsitsa dothi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti yoluka. Mbande ziyenera kusungidwa kwambiri.
Pamapeto pa Meyi, Nemesia wachinyamata azikula ndikuzisunthira kumtunda. Mabowo akuluakulu amayenera kukhala osaya. Amayikidwa mtunda wa 15-25 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nemesia amakonda dothi lamchere ndi kuphatikiza miyala ndi miyala. Ngati ndi kotheka, laimu imawonjezeredwa pansi.
Kusamalira mbewu
Nemesia ndi chomera chosazindikira. Samafunikira kuchita khama kwambiri posamalira, koma malamulo ena ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Kuwala Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino komanso maluwa, kuyatsa kowala ndikofunikira. Nemesia saopa kuwongolera dzuwa mwachindunji, komabe, mu kutentha kwa chilimwe ndikofunikira kuti muzichita maluwa masana. Mitu ya maluwa imatembenukira kumbuyo kwa dzuwa, yomwe iyenera kulingaliridwa posankha malo.
Kutentha Kukonzekera kwa duwa kulinso kosawopsa, komabe, mumphepo yamphamvu, mphukira zotsika zimatha kuthyoka, kotero thandizo lodalirika limafunikira. Nemesia amakonda kutentha, kuti mukukula ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kuzikhala pamwamba + 20 ° C. Mu nthawi yophukira, kutentha kukatsika mpaka + 13 ° C, kukula kumachepera ndipo mphukira zimayamba kuuma.
Kuthirira. Nemesia imakonda madzi, imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi komanso yambiri, pomwe madzi sayenera kuyenda pansi pafupi ndi mizu. Kuuma kwa gawo lapansi kumabweretsa kudwala komanso kukula.
Feteleza. Gawo loyamba la feteleza wachilengedwe limayikidwa m'nthaka mukamabzala. Ndipo kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, kamodzi pamwezi, dothi limapangidwa ndi michere yambiri.
Mapangidwe a Korona. Kuyambira ubwana, nemesia iyenera kukhomekedwa, kuti mphukira zizikula, chitsamba chikhala champhamvu kwambiri. Mphukira zazitali kwambiri zimatha kudulidwa nthawi yonse yakukula. Pankhaniyi, mapesi ena a mmbali adzawonekeranso, pomwe maluwawo amatulutsa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndi chinyezi komanso chinyezi, nemesia imatha kuwonongeka ndi zowola, ufa wa phokoso ndi mwendo wakuda. Zomera zodwala zimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni kapena otuwa omwe amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa, lotayirira ndikunyowa. Madera owonongeka ayenera kudulidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa korona ena onse Tizilombo tatsamba tomwe timakhala tchire timakhazikika kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Pokhapokha pomwe ma spider mite zizindikiro zimawonekera pamapepala. Ndikokwanira kuchita mankhwala a 2 omwe ali ndi "Aktara" kapena "Aktellik" yopuma masiku 6-7 ndipo majeremusi amatha.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Mitundu yowala yamadzi amaluwa a Nemesia idzatsitsimutsa bedi lililonse la maluwa kapena duwa. Amakongoletsa bwino makonde, ma verandas ndi masitepe. Nemesia ndibwino osati potseguka, komanso m'miphika yamaluwa kapena muli. M'nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, maluwa ambiri amasintha masamba kukhala mitambo modabwitsa.
Popeza nemesia amakonda madzi ndi chinyezi chambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso kukongoletsa m'mphepete mwa dziwe zozikika; mapale a maluwa amayikidwa pafupi ndi akasupe. Jeti zamadzi zasiliva zimapereka mawonekedwe abwino obwerera kumbuyo kwa mitundu yosalala. Nemesia imawululidwa bwino ngati nthomba, komanso imayenda bwino ndi petunia, marigolds ndi ma pansies.
