Mndandanda wa bowa woopsa ndi woopsa ndi malongosola ndi chithunzi

Pa mitundu yambiri ya bowa (zoposa 100,000) m'nkhalango zathu, othawa amatha kukwaniritsa mitundu 700 zokha. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti oposa 400 ali ndi poizoni. Ndipo ngakhale kuti "kusaka mwakachetechete" kwa bowa sikuwoneka koopsa ngati kufunafuna nkhumba ndi mahinje, kusakhoza kusiyanitsa pakati pa zodyedwa ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri.

Zamkatimu:

• Bowa woopsa: maina ndi zithunzi
• Nkhumba
• Gall mushroom
• Chirabe chapafupi
• Amanita
• Kupalasa
• Bowa la satana
• Wosakhulupirika
• Champignon
• Galerina
• Wokamba
• Fibers
• Mycena
• Mipata
• Borovik
• Umbrella
• Tsamba la kangaude
• Russula
• Lepiota
• Entolome
• Ankawomba wokongola
• Gebelom
• Omphalotus
• Crown strostaria
• Leptonia wokalamba
• Hygrocybe conical
• Scaly gomfus
• Negniyuchnik amadandaula
• Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni wa bowa

Zoopsa za bowa

Ma poizoni omwe ali mu fungi amachita mosiyana: ena amasonyeza gastroenterotrophic effect (matenda a dongosolo la m'mimba), ena - hepatonephrotoxic (kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi). Mukhoza kuvulaza mtima, dongosolo la manjenje. Kawirikawiri, bowa woopsa akhoza kugawa m'magulu atatu ndi mtundu.: kupanga chakudya chakupha, kuchititsa kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje ndi wakupha chakupha.

Mukudziwa? OPansipenti yaing'ono yamphongo yofiira ikhoza kupha anthu anayi. Claudius, mkazi wa Emperor, anapha munthu wake poizoni ndi msuzi wochokera pamphepete mwala.

Kuti wakupha bowa chakupha onjezerani zomwe zili ndi:

1. Phallotoxin poizoni (cyclopeptides). Muzitsamba zam'madzi, zitsamba zam'madzi, galerinas, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, maambulera. Zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zimachitika pambuyo pa maola 6 mpaka 24, mochepera maola 48. Munthu amazunzidwa ndi kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, ludzu, kukhumudwa, mkodzo wambiri. Kuzunzidwa kwa masiku atatu kumalowetsedwa ndi kusintha komwe kumatha mu jaundice; Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amafa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Kawirikawiri amayamba oyambitsa bowa amasokoneza zitsamba zofiira ndi russula, zofiira zoyera - ndi mchere.

   Werengani momwe mungasiyanitse toadstool yoyera.

2. Poizoni monomethylhydrazine. Amapezeka mu mizere ndi mtundu wina wa bowe wa gelwell (mwachitsanzo, paddocks). Zizindikiro za poizoni zimachitika pambuyo pa maola 6-12, nthawi zina patatha maola angapo. Mutu, colic, kusanza, chizungulire, kufooka kumatha masiku angapo. Chiwindi ndi chosowa, jaundice imapezeka. Imfa ndiyotheka. Komabe, poizoni amathetsedwa mosavuta pamene akuwira kwa mphindi 15 (kuthira madzi, kutsuka, wiritsani - ndipo mukhoza kudya). Nkhumba Zowawa
3. Mafinya monga orellanin, cortinarin, grimmaline. Ali ndi ukonde wa kangaude ndi fiber. Pambuyo masiku 3-14 ndipo kenako, pamakhala kumverera kwa pakamwa kouma, kusanza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, ndi kukodza kwambili. Ntchito ya impso imathetsedwa. Kupha poizoni sikuthandizira kuchipatala ndipo kumapha. Bowa woopsa sakhala wosokonezeka ndi gulu lodyera la kangaude.
4. Alkaloid muscarine. Amapezeka makamaka mu bowa wobiridwa, monga njerwa zojambulidwa, njerwa zojambulidwa, zowonongeka ndi beetroot, zofiira zoyera, zofiira, zofiira, zadothi, komanso oimira a number of ryadovok (oyankhula). Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lochepetsedwa: chiwombankhanga, zoyera, zoyera, munda. Mu mlingo wawung'ono womwe umapezeka ndi bowa la muscarine la bulauni ndi bowa wamtundu. Zenizeni mu maminiti khumi ndi asanu (zimachitika makumi anai), madontho a maso, mtima ukufulumizitsa, kupuma pang'ono, kutentha thupi kukuwonekera, nkhope imadzaza ndi kufiira, saliva ndi thukuta kuposa chizolowezi. Akufotokoza zakupha. Mankhwalawa ndi atropine. Kuchokera ku mankhwala amtunduwu kumathandiza tiyi pamaziko a herbe belladonna.
5. Makateni (poizoni wapadera). Ichi sichiwonongedwa ndi kutentha. Kudziwika mu nkhumba slenushka. Nthaŵi yeniyeni yoyamba kutsutsidwa pambuyo pa kumwa bowa sizingathe kuwonetsa - pali ziwonetsero zaka zingapo. Pali ululu m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, chizungulire, malungo. Chotsatira ndicho kulephera kwa impso. Nguluwe

Kusokoneza dongosolo lamanjenje onjezerani bowa omwe muli:

1. Koprin woopsa. Amadziwika mu bowa la ndowe. Kumwa mowa kumachitika kokha ngati chakumwa mowa pambuyo pa mbale za bowa, ngakhale pambuyo pa masiku awiri. Kupweteka, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kwa mtima, kuphulika kwa thupi lonse, kumverera mantha, kusangalala kwakukulu ndi kupunduka kumachitika. Patapita nthawi, mawonetseredwe onse amatha, koma akhoza kuyambiranso ndi mlingo watsopano wa mowa. Chotsatira chake, nyongolotsi zimatengedwa ngati mankhwala oledzera. Nkhumba zimadya maluwa
2. Ibotenic acid, mycoatropin, muscimol. Muli bowa ndi mizeni yoyera. Pambuyo pa mphindi 30 (nthawi zina maola awiri) mutatha kumeza bowa woopsa, pamakhala kuuka kolimba (kukumbukira zotsatira za mowa), kuwonjezeka kwa mtima ndi kutuluka thukuta. Pambuyo maola awiri, zizindikiro zimatha. Kupha poizoni sikukupha. Oyera
3. Chifuwa bufotenin. Amapezeka mu porphyry amanita. Kuvulaza ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira; m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono zimayambitsa vuto la psychedelic. Porphyry Amanita

Kupangitsa kuti poizoni azidya zakudya ndi bowaali ndi zinthu zomwe sizikudziwika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'mimba ndi m'mimba. Iwo alipo mu maluwa obiriwira achikasu, mapewa a mkate, entolomas. Pambuyo pa mphindi 30 (kapena maola awiri), kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kunyowa, kupweteka mutu, ndi colic zimachitika. Zotsatira zakupha zimatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Zimaletsedwa kwambiri kufufuza bowa m'malo amalowetsa zitsamba zamakampani, pafupi ndi sitimayo ndi misewu, chifukwa cha bowa wamba omwe akuphatikizapo zitsulo zolemera. Zomalizazi zimabweretsa poizoni womwewo monga poizoni omwe ali mu bowa.

Bowa woopsa: maina ndi zithunzi

Bowa woopsa samakhala woopsa ndipo alibe fungo lapadera (kupatulapo bowa wonyezimira). Choncho, ndiletsedwa kuti mukhale osadandaula, osadziwika bwino ndi inu mphatso za m'nkhalango. Kuwazindikira mu "nkhope" - njira yodalirika yotetezera poizoni.

Nkhumba

Nkhumba ndi yoonda.

Alder nkhumba (amavula impso ndikusintha makhalidwe abwino a magazi). Alder nkhumba

Onani nkhumba zosiyanasiyana.

Gall mushroom

Zikuwoneka ngati bowa woyera, koma mosiyana ndi izo zili ndi manda wakuda pa mwendo ndi pinki.

Chirabe chapafupi

Ndizoopsa kwambiri komanso zimadyedwa kawirikawiri, choncho zimaposa mitundu yonse ya anthu pa chiwerengero cha ozunzidwa.

Amanita

Amanita wofiira. Amanita panther. Amanita woyera. Amanita smelly. Bowa la Amanita. Royal Amanita. Porphyry Amanita. Amanita wowala kwambiri.

Kupalasa

Kupalasa poizoni. Mzere woyera.

Dziwani nokha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ryadovok monga ryadovaya poplarina ndi ryadovka imvi (bowa bowa).

Kupalasa. Nkhonya ikugwedeza. Ryadovka malo.

Bowa la satana

Wosakhulupirika

Dummybird imvi-chikasu. Mphungu ya mimba ndi yamilonda yaitali. Mphuno ya mossy moss.

Zingakuthandizeni kuti mudziwe kusiyanitsa pakati pa thovu lamtundu wa agaric wamba, komanso muwerenge ngati n'zotheka kuti mukhale poizoni nokha ndi bowa la satana.

Champignon

Chimanga chamtundu. Flathead Champignon. Champignon motley.

Galerina

Galerina amawombera. Galerina marsh. Galerina moss

Mukudziwa? Bowa sitinganene kuti si nyama, kapena zomera. Kupeza mwa iwo okha makhalidwe a onsewa, iwo ali a ufumu wosiyana wa zamoyo.

Wokamba

Govorushka bulauni wachikasu. Govorushka azungu. Govorushka yasinthidwa. Golovushka wotumbululuka. Kulankhula sera Nkhope yolankhula.

Fibers

Mafali ndi owopsa. Fiber Patuiar. Zida zadothi. Zosangalatsa zofanana. Zida zamagetsi. Nkhuni zang'ambika. Chitsulo cha anyezi. Mafungo amathyoka.

Mycena

Mycene ndi bluish. Mycena ndi pinki.

Mipata

Mzere ndi wamba. Mizere yophukira.

Borovik

Boletus ndi wokongola. Borovik Le Gal. Chibokosi chofiirira. Chigoba chofiirira. Khungu lakuda pinki.

Kudziwa nokha ndi mitundu ya edible borovik, komanso phunzirani momwe angayambe pa bodza boletus.

Umbrella

Mambulira. Nkhumba ya mkuta. Amambula a Morgan.

Tsamba la kangaude

Nkhumba tsamba. Mbuzi yowonjezera. Cobweb wokongola. Webusaiti ndi ocher. Nkhumba zam'madzi. Nkhumba ndi waulesi. Nkhumba zamagazi zofiira. Spiderweb pasynkovidny. Peacock Web.

Russula

Macra Russula.

Lepiota

Lepiota poisonous. Lepiota chisa. Lepiota sungani Lepiota amawopsya. Lepiota ndi spore wonyada. Lepiot Bredisson.

Entolome

Entomum ndi owopsa. Chiyambi chakumapeto. Entolomum inasonkhanitsidwa. Entomoma ndi yotetezera.

Ankawomba wokongola

Gebelom

Gebeloma mpiru. Gebelom adhesive. Gebelom sitingapezeke. Gebelom olerablazhivaya.

Omphalotus

Omphalotus oleaginous.

Crown strostaria

Leptonia wokalamba

Hygrocybe conical

Zomwe Zingatheke

Negniyuchnik amadandaula

Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni wa bowa

Ngati zizindikiro za poizoni zikuwoneka, dokotala amafunika nthawi yomweyo. Asanaoneke, muyenera kugona ndikuchita zotsatirazi:

• kumwa madzi amodzi komanso ozizira, tiyi wolimba utakhazikika;
• Musadwale mimba ndi kusanza (kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kudumpha pazu wa lilime ndikupangitsa kuganiza bwino);
• popanda kutsekula m'mimba, gwiritsani ntchito laxative (1-2 g pa 1 kg wolemetsa);
• onetsetsani mapiritsi a mpweya pa mlingo wa 0,5-1 g pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera;
• gwiritsani ntchito penti yotentha pamimba ndi miyendo (kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka magazi).

Madokotala a ambulansi amatha kutenga munthu amene akuzunzidwa kuchipatala kuti apeze thandizo linalake lodzidzidzidwa ndi akatswiri.

Ndikofunikira! Kuteteza nkhungu kungayambitse botulism chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ndodo zozembera pansi.

Sizingatheke kusamba ndi kuyeretsa bowa kuchokera ku tinthu ting'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutentha kwapanyumba kunyumba n'kofooka, kotero kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhalebe. Pakatha maola 12, zizindikiro za botulism zimachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, imakhalanso kuitana kwa dokotala mwamsanga, ndipo palibe chithandizo chamankhwala!

Kotero kuti mwamtendere kuyenda kudutsa m'nkhalango sikumasanduka tsoka, dzizisamalire nokha ndipo musatenge zomwe simukuzidziwa. Chithunzi chathu cha chithunzi chidzakutetezani ku chisankho cholakwika.