Wamasamba aliyense amafuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka komanso zapamwamba, koma nthawi zonse sizikutuluka. Kawirikawiri masamba amasokonezeka ndi tizirombo kapena matenda.
Mbewuyo imakhala ndi zovuta izi, kotero muyenera kutsogoleredwa pazifukwa za mavuto a m'munda ndikutha kutenga njira zothetsera izo.
Zifukwa za parsley chikasu pansi
Pamene kukula kwa parsley kungakumane ndi vuto la chikasu.
Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- kusowa kwa chinyezi kapena zakudya;
- kuchitika kwa matenda;
- kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
Tiyeni tipende mwatsatanetsatane mfundo ziwiri zomaliza.
Kufotokozera za matenda omwe amafala
Matenda ambiri a parsley ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, kotero zimakhala zovuta kudziwa matendawa. Taganizirani zinthu zomwe zimafala kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? F. Miller mu "Dictionary ya Gardener" (1805) yotchedwa parsley "wakupha mbalame zazing'ono." Ananenanso kuti zimapweteka maso ndipo zimayambitsa khunyu.
Mame a Mealy
Matenda a fungal omwe amagwira mbali zonse za zomera.
Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi izi:
- omwe amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a chipika choyera, chomwe chiri chongopeka ndi mycelium;
- kupanga mapangidwe a zipatso, kusintha mtundu wa mycelium, umakhala mdima wakuda;
- kufalitsidwa ndi conidial sporulation;
- Gwero la matenda ndizochepa za zomera zomwe zili ndi kachirombo.
Powdery mildew imayambitsidwa ndi bowa Erysiphe umbelliferarum.
Stolbur
Phytoplasma ndi causative agent, ndipo imanyamula cicadas.
Mukhoza kudziwa ndi zotsatirazi:
- omwe amadziwika ndi chlorosis, omwe amadziwonetsera pachiyambi cha tsamba tsamba;
- tsamba lonse limakhudzidwa pang'ono;
- chilondacho chimakhala chofiira ndi nthawi;
- chomeracho chimatsamira kumbuyo kwa chitukuko, ndipo kenako chimalira;
- Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimawoneka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene matendawa akuchitika, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa July kapena kumayambiriro kwa August;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhalabe ndi mphutsi zonyamula njuchi pamitengo ya namsongole ndi zomera zolima;
- kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumadalira kusamuka kwa tsikadok.
Septoria, kapena malo oyera
Matendawa ali ndi fungalomu ndipo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro:
- Masamba achikasu pamtundu uliwonse (masamba kapena zimayambira) za zomera;
- Patapita nthawi, mtundu wa mawangawo umasintha ndi zoyera.
- Pakapita masitepe a phokoso, parsley imatembenuka chikasu ndipo imauma;
- malo abwino ndi malo am'mvula;
- spores amapitirira mu zatsalira zamasamba.
Kutupa
Zizindikiro zikuphatikizapo:
- zizindikiro zoyamba zimawonekera pachiyambi cha chilimwe;
- mawanga (okhala ndi pafupifupi 0,5 mm) mtundu wachikasu-bulauni kumbuyo kwa mbale ya pepala;
- Kuwona malo kungathe kufalikira kapena gulu;
- Zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta;
- chilondacho chimapeza mtundu wofiira ndipo umakhala ufa;
- chikhalidwe chimatembenuka chikasu ndipo chimataya kukoma kwake;
- pa zotsalira za zomera, teliospores, zomwe zimamera mu basidium, zimasungidwa. Matenda akuluakulu amapezeka kudzera m'ma basidiospores.
Chifukwa chake ndi matenda ndi bowa Puccinia petroselini Lindr.
Jaundice
Jaundice imayambitsa matenda. Chimafikira kumitundu yambiri ndipo imafalitsidwa ndi kumwetulira.
Zizindikiro za matenda ndi:
- mitsempha ya masamba;
- nthambi yambiri ya zimayambira;
- Mizu mizu imapanga mizu yachiwiri yofanana;
- mvula mu madzi a zomera zosatha.
Kuwala kovuta
Wodwala matenda ena, omwe amachitidwa ndi aphid. Matendawa sapezeka mu parsley.
Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi izi:
- pa siteji ya 3-4 mapepala amawoneka kupindika ndi kuchepetsa tsamba la petiole;
- masamba amakhala ochepa komanso ophimbidwa ndi chlorosis ngati mawonekedwe a mdima ndi owala;
- Kusintha ndi kupotoza masamba kumawonetsedwa;
- Kufiira kumapezeka pamphepete mwa chlorosis.
Spotted bacteriosis
Matendawa amayamba ndi mabakiteriya ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- masamba ali ndi mawanga;
- M'kupita kwanthawi, kuwala kumdima;
- masambawo amadzazidwa ndi phula ndipo amawombera.
Fomoz
Zowola zakuda zowola zingapangidwe mu mitundu iwiri.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimapezeka pa chomera chobiriwira:
- mikwingwirima yamdima ndi mawanga ofiira amaoneka pansi pa petioles ndi paziphuphu;
- Nthawi zambiri chimbudzi chimapangidwira pamadontho;
- Patapita nthawi, malo okhudzidwawo amakhala oviira, ouma ndikukhala osalimba;
- zigawo zokhudzana ndi zomera zimafa;
- Kugawa kumachitika kudzera mu zowonongeka ndi mbewu;
- Zomera zomwe zikukula pambuyo pake ndizo zowonjezereka kuti zikhale ndi kachilomboka, koma matendawa akufalikira mofulumira ndikuphimba madera akulu;
- Matendawa amatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kuyamba kwa autumn, pafupifupi kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula;
- zinthu zabwino - mkulu chinyezi.
Njira yachiwiri ya fomoz - mizu yovunda, yomwe yayamba kale kuwonetsedwa m'mabwinja. Zamasamba zimakhala ndi malo otupa, omwe amavala nsalu ya bulauni. Kufotokozera ndi kulawa kwa mankhwala kumachepa kwambiri. Komanso amachepetsa alumali moyo wa mizu yazu.
Mukudziwa? Parsley sankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kapena kuphika. Agiriki amamukweza m'mphepete mwa maliro ndi mitsinje yamaliro a opambana masewera. Ndipo Aroma ankavala nkhata zotere kuti asamaledzere pa nthawi ya maholide.
Perinosporosis
Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
- gawo lakumtunda la masamba ladetsedwa ndi chlorosis;
- Kuwona malo kumapeza kuwala kobiriwira, kutentha ndi mafuta;
- Patapita nthawi, mawangawo amakhala ofiira, ndipo m'munsi mwawo amadzazidwa ndi chovala cha imvi;
- Masamba omwe amawidwa amauma, ndipo tchire timadulidwa;
- Matendawa amayenda nyengo yamvula ndi kutentha pafupifupi 15 ... + 20 ° С;
- Gwero la kuipitsidwa ndi mabwinja a parsley okhudzidwa.
Downy mildew ndi matenda a fungal.
Kufotokozera za tizirombo ta parsley
Kuwonjezera pa matenda, parsley imayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo. Tiyeni tizitchula zofala kwambiri.
Karoti listobloshka
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- Kutentha kwa zomera kumakhala chakudya cha zitsanzo zazikulu ndi mphutsi zawo;
- masamba ali opunduka ndi ophwanyika;
- mzere wa pepala umakhala wovuta;
- Patapita nthawi masamba amatha ndi kugwa;
- Mizu yambiri imakhala yovuta, imataya kukoma ndi juiciness.
Tsinde Nematode
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka mu anyezi ndi adyo, koma zimakhudza parsley.
Nematode ndi mphutsi zake zimadya pa madzi a chikhalidwe cha zokometsera, zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo pa chitukuko chake:
- masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kufa;
- tchire timadulidwa;
- mphutsi za filiform zoyera zimachulukitsa mwa kuika mphutsi m'matumba. Pamene tchire zimafa, mphutsi zimapita pansi kukafunafuna mbewu zamasamba.
Karoti ntchentche
Ndi tizilombo tochepa (mpaka 5 mm), timakhala ndi mimba yakuda ndi tintalu, chikasu chachikasu ndi mutu wachikasu.
Zimakhudza pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ambulera:
- kumapeto kwa May akuyika mazira pa mizu;
- mphutsi imalowa mkati mwa mizu yake, kuipweteka ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka madzi, kenakake ikuphulika pansi;
- Pakati pa chilimwe, mbadwo wachiwiri wa tizilombo ukuwoneka, ndipo chirichonse chimabwereza. Mphutsi izi, pupated, yozizira mu nthaka;
- Zomera zowonongeka zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo sizikhala zosayenera kusungirako, ndipo masamba pang'onopang'ono amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wotembenukira chikasu ndi owuma;
- ntchentche imakonda malo ouma kwambiri.
Gulu la Aphid
Tizilomboti timakhudza osati mavwende komanso mavitamini okha, komanso parsley. Ili ndi kukula kwake kakang'ono (1.2-1.8 mm) ndi mtundu wa chikasu mpaka pafupifupi wakuda.
Mphutsi zake ndi mamembala akuluakulu, pokhala mkatikati mwa tsamba, idyani madzi ake.
Ngozi ya tizilombo ndi tizilombo:
- kuyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera ku zomera kumayambitsa kufota, chikasu ndi imfa;
- pokhala ndi overwintering pamtunda (pamtunda wa namsongole kapena zomera), kuyambira May mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, kupanga zoposa 10 mibadwo;
- ndi othandizira matenda osiyanasiyana.
Njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizirombo
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda pogwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Njira za anthu
Pogonjetsedwa ndi parsley tley amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa:
- mu kutentha ayenera kutsuka tchire ndi madzi;
- Mmalo mwa madzi, mungagwiritse ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, phwetekere kapena mbatata mbatata, peel anyezi, tansy kapena chitsamba chowawa. Kuti kulowetsedwa mutenge pafupifupi 400 g mwazitsulo zilizonse zomwe zatchulidwa ndikutsanulira chidebe cha madzi otentha. Limbikirani tsiku, kenaka pangani 40 g sopo. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a 2-3 ndi nthawi ya masiku 4;
- Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba sizambiri, mukhoza kutsuka parsley ndi madzi sosa (40 g pa chidebe cha madzi);
- maso a golidi ndi anyaniwa amachepetsa chiwerengero cha nsabwe za m'masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Marigold, coriander, timbewu tonunkhira, garlic kapena basil obzalidwa pafupi ndi parsley kudzateteza maonekedwe ndi kubalana kwa tizirombo zambiri.
Polimbana ndi karoti ntchentche ntchito:
- mchenga wosakaniza ndi naphthalene (9: 1) umwazika pamabedi pakabzala;
- mzere wozungulira wothira phulusa kapena tsabola wakuda;
- anyezi omwe anabzala pafupi amayambitsa tizilombo towononga.
Zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa kaloti mothandizidwa ndi njira zowerengeka.
Mukhoza kuyesa zida zotsatirazi:
- kusuta fumbi fodya;
- spray ndi madzi sosa (40 g pa ndowa ya madzi);
- kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga mazira.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tsinde la nematode, mungagwiritse ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Ikani makilogalamu 1 a calendula ndikutsanulira chidebe cha madzi otentha, pitirizani masiku awiri ndikupangira kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
- Pakuti kukonzekera anyezi brew kutenga 0,5 makilogalamu anyezi, kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi ndi kunena tsiku. Madzi pafupifupi maulendo atatu ndi sabata.
- Tengani 300 g ya maluwa ndi masamba a nasturtium, kutsanulira 5 malita a madzi, tsatirani tsiku. Gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira, komanso kusakaniza koyambirira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tiphunzire momwe tingabzalitsire parsley kukula mofulumira.
Njira zothandizira anthu kumenyana ndi matenda a parsley sizothandiza, koma mukhoza kuyesa:
- Pamene powdery mildew akhoza kutsuka tchire ndi yankho la 1 tbsp. Soda ndi 0,5 tsp. sopo madzi madzi 4 malita. Kuchita pafupifupi nthawi zitatu ndi nthawi ya sabata. Kapena konzekerani yankho la whey, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
- Pakadwala ndi powdery mildew (peronosporosis), njira yothetsera (3 l) + 1 tsp imagwiritsidwa ntchito. mkuwa sulphate mu malita 7 a madzi. Parsley ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi wothandizira.
- Kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kumateteza kuchepetsa madzi okwanira.
Samalani! Pofuna kuchepetsa nthenda ya matenda, nkofunika kusintha kulima kwa parsley ndi tomato, nyemba ndi beets.
Mankhwala processing
Kwa matenda osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:
- ndi septoria Mankhwalawa akuchitidwa ndi "Energen" (madontho 20 pa 1 l madzi) kumayambiriro kwa July, ndiyeno mobwerezabwereza patapita masiku khumi. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito "Phindu" molingana ndi malangizo;
- kuchokera ku septoria 2-nthawi mankhwala a achinyamata zomera ndi 0,5% zamkuwa oksidi kapena 1% zamkuwa sulfate yankho lidzathandiza (nthawi yamachiritso ili pafupi masabata atatu);
- pamene zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a bacteriosis amaoneka, Mankhwala monga Planriz kapena TMTD amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo;
- mankhwala opatsirana ndi 1% bordeaux madzi (ndi kupumula kwa masiku 10) akuchitika ndi zizindikiro za fomoz;
- ndi dzimbiri fungicides "Topaz", "Baktofit", "Fitosporin-M" malinga ndi malangizo. Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika ngati zizindikiro zimapezeka, ndipo mobwerezabwereza - mu masabata 1-2;
- ndi zizindikiro za powdery mildew fungicides "Bayleton" kapena "Fundazol" amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi ndondomeko ya annotation.
Ndikofunikira! Mukachiza zomera ndi mankhwala muyenera kukumbukira kuti masambawa sayenera kudyedwa. Ndikofunika kuwerenga mosamala malangizo kuti mudziwe nthawi imene parsley ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chemistry amachitikiranso karoti tizilombo kulamulira:
- Polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba Mankhwala othandiza monga "Fitoverm-1" (5 ml pa 5 malita a madzi), Spark (1 piritsi pa 10 malita a madzi ofunda), Karbofos (60 g pa 10 malita a madzi), komanso polulination pansi. Pambuyo pokonza chomeracho, ndizofunika kuwonetsa filimuyi tsiku, izi zidzakuthandizani kuwononga tizirombo zonse;
- listobloshka anawonongedwa pamene kukonzekera kupopera mankhwala "Spark" kapena "Fitoverm". Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika mu May (maonekedwe a tizilombo), ndipo chachiwiri mu June (maonekedwe a mphutsi). Listobloshki overwinter pa coniferous zomera, kotero zimalangizidwa kuzikonza (kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa autumn) "Karbofos" (60 g pa 10 malita a madzi);
- kulimbana ndi karoti ntchentche Mankhwala monga Inta-Vir, Decis kapena Vega amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala amachitika mu May (kuika nthawi);
- Mafuta omwe ali ndi mercaptophos kapena phosphamide amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nematode. Kukonzekera koteroko ndi "BI-58", "Dimethoat" ndi "Rogor". Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwerenga mawuwa.
Video: Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kwa chitetezo cha zomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Njira zothandizira
Kwa parsley yokondweretsedwa ndi maonekedwe awo, inali yamkoma ndipo sinakhudzidwe ndi tizilombo ndi matenda, muyenera kuyesetsa:
- bzalani mitundu yotsutsa (Fresco, Natalka, Titan kapena Element);
- Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu yathanzi komanso yapamwamba yofesa;
- kuyambitsa matenda a disinfection. Kuti izi zitheke, amathiridwa madzi otentha (+ 45 ... + 48 ° C) kwa mphindi 20. Mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala a potassium permanganate (1.5%) (zilowerereni mphindi 20 ndikutsuka ndi madzi);
- udabzala m'nthaka yokhala bwino, m'mabedi othawa kuchoka ku mbewu za coniferous;
- Gwiritsani ntchito kayendedwe ka mbeu (kuphatikizapo tomato, beets kapena nyemba) ndi malo omwewo osati kale kuposa zaka zitatu;
- anabzala pambuyo tomato, kabichi, nkhaka kapena nandolo;
- kuwononga namsongole ndi kubzala zotsalira (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapitirire);
- Manyowa ndi potash ndi phosphorous kuvala. Dothi losasintha;
- Zomera zobiriwira (mu gawo 2 la masamba);
- Kupalira kwa nthawi yake ndi kumasula;
- Mizu yokolola imakololedwa pamene kutentha kumatsikira ku 5 ° C.
