Aliyense amadziwa bowa monga amanita. Amapezeka m'mabuku, m'nthano za ana. Amanita wofiira ndi bowa wochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Lero tiyang'anitsitsa mitundu ikuluikulu ya bowa, kuyankhula za maonekedwe, komanso kukuuzani komwe akukula. Pezani ngati pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.
Amanita wofiira
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mitundu yambiri ya bowa, yomwe imadziwika bwino kwa aliyense. Ndi iye amene amakumana ndi nkhani zachabechabe ndi bowa zonse zowawa zimagwirizana naye.
Kudya kapena ayi
Zikuwoneka kuti ntchentche sizingadye m'njira iliyonse, chifukwa sikuti ndizoopsa kwambiri, komanso zimayambitsa zokhazokha. 
Komabe, ndi bwino kudziŵa kuti zinthu zoopsa ndi zakuthupi zimathera bwino m'madzi otentha. Izi zikutiuza kuti ngati mukuphika bowa, kusintha madzi nthawi zambiri, muli ndi mwayi wokhala bowa wokwanira. Onetsetsani kuti izi sizothandiza, chifukwa chiwerengero cha poizoni mu bowa lirilonse chimasiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha zomwe, ngakhale kuphika bwino, mungathe kupha poizoni.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mankhwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bowa.
Tiyenera kutchula kuti nyama zambiri zimadya ntchentche (zimbalangondo, mbawala, agologolo). Pa nthawi yomweyi, asayansi sangathe kukhazikitsa chifukwa chake amawonjezera mankhwala oopsawo ku menyu yawo. Mwina izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ziphe zomwe zimakhalapo, zimawononga tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Dzina lina
Mayina otsatirawa a bowa amapezeka m'mabuku a sayansi: Agaricus muscarius, Amanitaria muscaria, Venenarius muscarius. Maina onse akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bowa kumenyedwa ndi ntchentche.
Zomwe zimawoneka
Maonekedwe a bowa sasowa mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane, koma ziyenera kutchula mfundo zofunika kwambiri.
- Chipewachi chikhoza kukhala ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20, koma kukula kwake ndi masentimita 10-12. Kwa achinyamata, ali ndi mawonekedwe a malo. Pamene bowa limakula bwino, kapu yoyamba imakhala yosalala, kenako imayamba kugwedezeka. Pamwamba pamakhala zowala zoyera.
- Mapira omwe ali pansi pa kapu amakhala oyera. Ngati mutadula khungu lakumtunda, ndiye pansi pake mapulaniwo azidzajambula ndi maonekedwe ofunda - chikasu kapena lalanje.
- Mapepala omwe amapanga mbali yolakwika ya kapu amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha 1 masentimita.
- Msowa wa bowa ndi wowongolera, wowongoka, uli pafupi kukula kwakenthu. Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Muzitsanzo zozunzikirapo ndizopanda pake.
Ndikofunikira! Mu bowa zakale, zida zoyera zimatha kutsuka ndi mphepo.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zomwe zimachitika birch kapena spruce. Zonsezi chifukwa chakuti mycelium imalowa muzitsamba ndi mitengoyi, kenako imayambira ndikupanga mbali ya mlengalenga. Amanita wofiira amapezeka m'nyengo yozizira ya Northern Hemisphere. Amakula pa dothi lopangidwa ndi okosijeni. Gawo lapamwamba limapangidwa kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba. 
Mosiyana, ziyenera kunenedwa za zomwe bowa zina zingasokoneze mitundu iyi. Bowa wa Kaisara, yomwe si yachilendo m'dziko lathu, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi "m'bale" wakupha, ngakhale kuti ndidye. Ali ndi mtundu wa "mketi" pa mwendo, koma amasiyana ndi chipewa chake chofanana ndi mtundu wa chanterelles.
Phunzirani zambiri za chanterelles: Kumene amakulira ndikusiyanitsa, mankhwala, kuzizira ndi pickling.
Amapezeka kokha kumwera kwa Ulaya. 
Chirabe chapafupi
Kenaka tidzakambirana za bowa zowopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimachokera ku Amanita. Fufuzani zambiri zokhudza chophimba chofiira.
Kudya kapena ayi
Sungani mankhwala otsekemera inaletsedwa m'njira iliyonse. Ngakhale atatha kutentha ndi kusintha madzi, bowa ichi chimakhalabe ndi poizoni. 
Kupha wamkulu, wokwanira kumupatsa pafupifupi 30 gm ya zamkati. Imfa imachitika chifukwa cha kuledzeretsa kwakukulu kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa kuopsa kwa chiwindi cha hepatitis (chiwindi chikana), komanso kusokonezeka kwa mtima. Chifukwa cha zochita za poizoni, chiwindi chimayamba kugwa mofulumira. Impso sizikhala ndi nthawi yochotsa poizoni ndikungokana.
Ndikofunikira! Vuto ndi kusakhala kwa zizindikiro za poizoni tsiku loyamba. Imfa ikatha pambuyo patsiku la 1.5 milungu iliyonse.
Dzina lina
Pale toadstool imatchedwanso bowa wobiriwira kapena amanita woyera. Dzina lachilatini la mitunduyo ndi Amanita phalloides. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewa cha bowa chimakhala ndi masentimita 10. Panthawi yoyamba ya kukula kwa thupi la fruiting, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a maonekedwe, koma pakapita nthawi imakhala yopanda phokoso ndiyeno imatulutsa. Kunena za mtundu, pali kusiyana kwakukulu. M'madera ena, mchere wobiriwira umapezeka, mwa ena - bulauni-bulauni. Ndiponso, kapu ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu woyera.
- Thupi liri loyera loyera. Chinthu chosiyana ndi chakuti, ngati odwala owonongeka komanso otha msinkhu amakhala ochepa, thupi silinasinthe mtundu wake. Ili ndi fungo lokoma kwambiri.
- Kutalika kwa mwendo kumasiyana pakati pa 8-15 masentimita m'litali, ndi 1-2.5 masentimita mwake. Mtundu uli wofanana ndi chipewa. Nthawi zina pali bowa, mwendo umene mchitidwe wa moiré umawoneka bwino.
- Ma mbalewo ndi oyera, ofewa kukhudza, okonzedwa momasuka.
- Chosiyana cha woyera toadstool ndi kukhalapo kwa Volva. Iyi ndi mbali yaying'ono ya bowa, yomwe imafanana ndi mazira oyamwa, ndipo imachita ntchito yoteteza. Mutha kuona Volvo mu bowa wang'ono. M'kati mwake muli ndi masentimita asanu, mbali ina m'nthaka, mtundu ndi woyera, nthawi zina umakhala wachikasu pang'ono.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mungathe kukumana ndi bowa woopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pa nthaka yachonde yomwe imakhala yabwino. Mofanana ndi mtundu wofiira wa ntchentche, mbira imalowa m'mitengo ndi mitengo, kotero mutha kupeza bowa ili m'nkhalango zilizonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo, mitengo, mitengo ya hazel. Nthawi zina amapezeka kumadera omwe nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ziweto.
Amagawira nyengo yozizira ya Eurasia, ndipo amapezanso ku North America.
Mosiyana, ziyenera kunenedwa za mapasa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha toadstool, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu chimamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakuti chimasokonezeka ndi champignon.
Phunzirani zambiri za maluwa: mapindu ndi kuvulaza thupi, njira zolima, ulimi wa kulima kunyumba, kuzizira mufiriji.
Ngati toadstool imakhala yoyera yoyera, ndiye kuti sing'anga wosadziwa zambiri, kudula chipewa chokha, chingasokoneze mosavuta ndi kudya bowa wochuluka kwambiri. Komanso toadstool imasokonezeka ndi russula yobiriwira, ikuyandama ndi greenfinch. 
Pofuna kusokoneza champignon ndi toadstool, muyenera kuyamba kuyang'ana mtundu wa mbale, zomwe zimadetsa bowa ndi nthawi. Mu bowa wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala oyera. Koma syruzhek, samachita Volvo, ndipo palinso mphete kumtunda kwa mwendo. Thupi la russula ndi lovuta, ndipo pa bowa - minofu, wandiweyani.
Video: momwe mungasiyanitse pakati pa toadstool ndi russula yobiriwira
Greenfinch sikuti imangokhala mbali yeniyeni ya kapu, koma komanso mbale. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Ndiponso, greenfinch alibe Volvo.
Amanita Battarry
Mitundu ina ya amanita, yomwe siyiizoni kwambiri. 
Kudya
Amanita Battarry amadziwika kuti ndi bowa wodyetsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo ndi owopsa owopsaKomabe, atachizidwa moyenera, amataya poizoni ndipo akhoza kudyedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwopsya kumadalira osati zokhazokha zokonzekera, komanso za msinkhu wa bowa, komanso malo a kukula, choncho sizingavomerezedwe kuyesa zosiyanasiyana.
Dzina lina
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso kuti battarra ikuyandama. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita battarrae. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewa cha bowa achinyamata ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ndili ndi zaka, zikuwoneka ngati ambulera kapena dome. Mkati mwake ndi masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (8) masentimita asanu ndi atatu (8) masentimita asanu ndi atatu (8). Ojambula mu golide wofiirira kapena azitona ndi chikasu chokwera. Zokwanira zoonda, osati zinyama.
- Msolo uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15, ndi mamita mwake pakati pa 8-20 mm. Zophimbidwa ndi zida zabwino komanso filimu yotetezera. Zithunzi zofiirira ndi mtundu wachikasu wa tinge wosakanikirana. Kuwala kapena malo amdima sikunayang'anidwe.
- Ma mbalewo amawoneka oyera, koma pafupi ndi nsonga za kapu zimakhala zachikasu.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mungathe kukomana ndi bowa zodyedwa mumasamba ophatikizana ndi amchere. Mapangidwe a fruiting thupi amapezeka kuyambira July mpaka October.
Ndikofunikira! Battarry sichipezeka pa dothi la alangizi, lomwe ndi lofunika kukumbukira.
Mukhoza kusokoneza zokambirana zosiyanasiyana ndi "mnzanu" kuchokera ku mtundu wa Amanita - galasi yakuda, yomwe imadya. Gulu loyandama liri ndi zoyera za m'munsi ndi miyendo, ndipo mbale zake zimakhala zowala kwambiri.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu, kusiyana ndi katundu wa bowa wamphongo (akuyandama).
Amanita Vittadini
Talingalirani mitundu yosazolowereka yomwe siiliyonse kwa nyengo yathu. Tiye tikambirane za Vittadini. 
Kudya kapena ayi
M'malo mwake zimatsutsana ndi maonekedwe a bowa mukulumikizana. Asayansi ena amanena kuti akhoza kudyedwa, chifukwa mulibe ziphe, ena amati Vittadini ndi opha pang'ono.
Mulimonsemo, chifukwa cha zovuta za bowayi, ndizovuta kuzisonkhanitsa, popeza pali mwayi waukulu wosokoneza ndi mitundu yoopsa ya bowa womwewo.
Dzina lina
Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita vittadinii. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, monga: Agaricus vittadinii, Armillaria vittadinii, Aspidella vittadinii, Lepidella vittadinii, Lepiota vittadinii. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
Bowa ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri, kotero ndi kovuta kwambiri kusokoneza izo ndi bowa omwe amadziwika bwino ndi malo athu.
- Kapu imakhala ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 17. Thupi laling'ono la zipatso limapanga kapu kakang'ono-kobopa, kamene kamakhala kowonjezereka, kamene kamakhala kakang'ono. Mtundu umasinthasintha kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku greenish. Mbali yosiyanitsa yofunikira ndi kupezeka kwa ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zimaphimba kunja kwa kapu. Mamba ali ndi kukula kwake, komanso zochepa zazing'ono zakuda.
- Thupi ndi loyera, lofewa, pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya (pamene kudula) kumayamba kuda. Lili ndi fungo losangalatsa, monga bowa wodyetsedwa.
- Phazi liri ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 16, ndi madigiri a 25 mm. Wonyezimira woyera ndi wokutidwa ndi mphete zooneka bwino. Ilinso ndi mamba.
- Ma mbalewo ndi ochuluka mokwanira, otayirira, opaka utoto woyera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtundu umasintha ku kirimu wokhala ndi imvi.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Choyamba, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yochepa yomwe imalowa m'mitengo ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba. Amapezeka m'madera a steppe ndi nkhalango.
Ponena za nyengo, Vittadini imakonda kutentha, nyengo yofatsa, choncho imapezeka kumwera kwa Ulaya. Kawirikawiri amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Asia, komanso m'madera ena a Russia (Stavropol Territory ndi Saratov).
Mukhoza kusokoneza mitundu iyi ndi zakupha yoyera ntchentche ya agaric, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi bowa pamtunda wochepa. Komanso, "mnzako" wabwino amakula yekha m'nkhalango, kupanga mycorrhiza.
Zingasokonezeke ndi maambulera, zomwe sizili za bowa chakupha, kotero kuti kulakwitsa sikungakhudze thanzi.
Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire ndi bowa ambulera komanso musapite mapasa.
Thupi la chipatso limapangidwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri - kuyambira April mpaka October.
Amanita woyera wonyezimira
Dzina lokha limasonyeza kuti tipitirize kukambirana za bowa yemwe amadya, omwe amadziwika ndi fungo losasangalatsa limene limapangitsa nyama zonse zakutchire ndi anthu.
Kudya kapena ayi
Ndizo bowa wakupha, ntchito yomwe imatsogolera ku imfa. Palibe chithandizo chomwe chingathandize kuti thupi la chipatso lidyeke kwa anthu, ndipo ngakhale mankhwala ochepa kwambiri amachititsa kuti thupi lilephereke ndi kuledzera kwa thupi lonse. 
Dzina lina
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi dzina linalake loyera white toadstool kapena chipale chofewa toadstool. Amatchedwanso ntchentche ya ntchentche. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita virosa.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi mamita 6-11 masentimita. Thupi laling'ono la zipatso limakhala ndi kapu yamkati yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi ambulera. Chophimbacho chimajambula choyera, koma nthawi zina pali zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala ndi imvi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
- Msola ndi wautali kwambiri, kufika pamtunda wa 10-15 masentimita, wokhala ndi kakang'ono - mpaka 2 cm. Mtundu ndi woyera.
- Thupi ndi loyera, silisintha mtundu pang'onopang'ono pamene mukukambirana ndi mpweya. Lili ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri, lomwe limapatsa chlorine.
- Mipata imakhala yoyera, yofewa, yaulere.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mutha kumakumana ndi mitundu yowawayi m'nkhalango zam'madzi, zomwe bowa zimayambira pamodzi ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Amakondanso dothi lonyowa mchenga. Amagawira kumalo okwera kumpoto ozizira ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Mapangidwe a thupi lapamwambali amapezeka kuyambira June mpaka October. 
Tiyeni tisiye kufanana kwa mitundu iyi ndi ma amanitas ena, chifukwa ambiri mwa iwo sadyedwe, ndipo ngati ali, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osankha omwe amadziwa bowa. Koma ndi bwino kuyankhula za kufanana ndi masamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti osankhira bowa osadziŵa zambiri angatenge woyera toadstool kwa champignon, makamaka ngati kusonkhanitsa kumachitika madzulo. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mwendo wamfupi komanso kapu ya minofu, ndipo mbale za bowa zimajambula zakuda kapena pinki. Komanso, champignon ilibe nthiti, yomwe yoyera toadstool ili (yabisika pansi).
Mukudziwa? Asanayambe kumenya nkhondo, ma Viking ankamwa kulowetsedwa chifukwa cha ntchentche, kenako maganizo awo anali osokonezeka komanso samva ululu, ngakhale atapita ku imfa inayake.
Spring Amanita
Mitundu yotsatira imalandira dzina limeneli chifukwa chake imapanga matupi a pamwamba pamwamba kwambiri m'chaka, osati kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena m'dzinja, monga ma bowa ena ambiri a ntchentche.
Kudya kapena ayi
Spring fly agaric ndi bowa wakuphazofanana ndi poizoni ndi white toadstool. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ngakhale ngakhale kochepa kwambiri zamkati kumafa. 
Dzina lina
Popeza poizoni ndi ofanana ndi white toadstool, ntchentche yotchedwa agaric imatchedwa spring toadstool ndi ntchentche yoyera ya agaric. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita verna. Sayansi yamaganizo: Agaricus vernus, Amanitina verna, Venenarius vernus.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho ndi choyera, chokhala ndi pakati pa 4-10 masentimita. Pakati pa kapu pali malo omwe ali ndi mtundu wa kirimu. Mu bowa wachinyamata, umakhala woboola pakati, ndipo akuluakulu ndi otsetsereka, okhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, kamene kali pakati.
- Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera woyera, ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
- Mabalawo amawonekedwe oyera, ngati mbali zina za thupi lapamwamba.
- Kumalo kumene tsinde limagwirizanitsa ndi kapu, mu bowa wamkulu muli chophimba chodziwika bwino.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mphesa yamakono imakonda nyengo yozizira, choncho imapezeka kummwera kwa malo ozizira. Mitunduyi imakula mumapiri okhaokha.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa amakonda nthaka yamchere. Pa asidi samakula.
Mukhoza kusakaniza kasupe toadstool ndi choyandama choyera. Bowa woopsa amasiyana ndi zakudya zosasangalatsa, komanso kukhalapo kwa mphete pamlendo. Palinso kufanana ndi zokongola za Volvariella. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi fungo. Vutoli limakhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka zomwe sizipezeka mu toadstool.
Amanita wapamwamba
Taganizirani za mitundu ya amanita, yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango. Tiyeni tiyankhule za kusiyana ndi zochitika.
Kudya
Mitundu yotsutsana, yomwe imapezeka kuti imapezeka ngati bowa wodyera, ndi ena - inedible. Poganizira kuti mitunduyi ndi yofanana, siyanzeru kuti idye ngakhale mutatha kuchizidwa mobwerezabwereza. 
Dzina lina
Dzina lachilatini ndiloposa Amanita. Mabuku a sayansi ali ndi mayina otere: Agaricus cariosus, Agaricus cinereus, Amanita ampla, Amanita spissa ndi ena.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chovalacho chimafika pa 8-10 masentimita, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical, omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a disk pamene akhwima mokwanira. Mphepete mwace muli fibrous. Zithunzi zofiira kapena zofiirira. Ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, kapu imakhala yovuta. Mukhozanso kuwona mamba akuluakulu omwe amatsuka mosavuta ndi madzi.
- Phazi liri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 12, ndi madigiri a 25 mm. Pamunsi pali khalidwe lokulitsa. Maonekedwe onsewa ndi ozungulira. Zomwe zimapanga matupi apamwamba zimakhala ndi chovala choyera. Pamwamba pake, mwendo ndi woyera kapena wobiriwira, ndipo pansi pake ndi wofiira, wobaya.
- Thupi liri loyera loyera. Kununkhira sikukhala kwathunthu kapena kulikonse, koma kofooka kwambiri (nyerere).
- Ma mbalewo amapezeka nthawi zambiri, mwakachetechete kumbali ya mwendo, utoto woyera.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Nthaŵi zambiri zimakula m'nkhalango zamtunduwu, kumene zimapangidwira ndi mitengo. Nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mabzala, koma kawirikawiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yowonongeka m'dera lotentha. Mapangidwe a thupi la zipatso amapezeka m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja.
Выше мы писали о том, что гриб хоть и является съедобным, однако его очень просто спутать с другим "собратом", который отличается сильной токсичностью. Vuto ndiloti panthersa imauluka agaric, yomwe imawoneka ngati ntchentche yaikulu ya ntchentche, imasiyana kokha ndi mapiko oyera a chipale chofewa. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kusonkhanitsa, mocheperapo kudya, mitundu yomwe ikukambirana.
Wokondweretsa kuwerenga: Edible bowa wa Ukraine: TOP-15
Amanita chikasu chachikasu
Tiyeni tikambilane za katundu ndi maonekedwe a bowa mwathunthu, omwe amatha kusamalidwa, osati ndi chiyambi cha bowa, koma ndi odziwa bwino. 
Kudya
Bowa wina wodyetsedwa, umene ungadye, koma pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Mu mawonekedwe ake owopsa, ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
Sitikudziwika makamaka chifukwa chakuti zingasokonezedwe ndi zitsanzo zoopsa, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mnofu wa kapu.
Mukudziwa? Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ntchentche za poizoni zimaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri zoopsa: muscarine ndi muscaridin. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti choyamba chimayambitsa impso kulephereka, ndipo chachiwiri chimakhala chochititsa chidwi, komanso chimachepetsa zochita za oyamba. Zotsatira zake, munthu amakhalabe ndi moyo ngati muscarine ndi muscaridin zili zofanana.
Dzina lina
Anthuwa adatcha mitunduyi kuti "ayandama", chifukwa maina ena omwe anawonekapo amawonekera: float yofiira-bulauni, float ya bulauni, bowa la orange. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita fulva. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 8, zojambula mu golide wofiira kapena mtundu wa bulauni-lalanje. Kwa kumverera kumamva mucus, yomwe ili ndi chiwalo cha bowa. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi kapu yoboola, ndipo zonsezo zimakhala zosalala. Pakatikati pa kapu ndiwonekeratu malo amdima, ndipo palinso chophimba chodziwikiratu. Mphepete mwawonetseredwa bwino pamphepete.
- Msola uli wonyezimira ngati uli wopanda mkati. Nthawi yaitali kutalika ndi masentimita 10, koma amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 15. Mimbayi siipitirira 1 masentimita. Mtundu umakhala woyera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zojambula za brownish.
- Thupi ndi loonda, pafupifupi kulikonse kumbali. Zipaka zoyera. Kusiyana ndi madzi, komanso kusowa kwa fungo.
- Ma mbalewo ndi amfulu, omwe amakhalapo, amakhala ndi kirimu kapena woyera.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda madzi a dothi, choncho imapanga mycorrhiza ndi mitengo yomwe imamera m'malo oterowo. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zonse za pine komanso zowonongeka. N'zosangalatsa kuti mungathe kukomana ndi float osati ku Eurasia, komanso ku North America, komanso ku Africa. Bowawo anafika ku zilumba za ku Japan.
Mapangidwe a thupi lapamwambali amapezeka kuyambira July mpaka October.
Ndikofunikira! Pali bowa limodzi ndi magulu amodzi.
Ndi kosavuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya otchedwa float, koma izi sizowona, chifukwa zimadya. Kulephera kwa mphete kumathandizira kusiyanitsa ndi mankhwala oopsa.
Royal Amanita
Momwemonso ndi bowa la hallucinogenic, limene poyamba pa "zero" linasankhidwa ngati "bowa la chaka". Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe ndi katundu. 
Kudya kapena ayi
M'zinthu zochepa kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachifumu imayambitsa zikhulupiriro zolimbaomwe amatha pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi, pambuyo pake amabwera pangozi yaikulu. Koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zamkati zamkati, ndiye kuti imfa imatsimikizika. Malingana ndi poizoni, amafanana ndi mitundu yofiira ndi ya panthere.
Dzina lina
Dzina lachilatini ndi Amaníta regális. Bowa iyi imatchedwanso mfumu ku England, koma m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya mitundu ina inalandira "mayina" ena: mfumu ya Swedish imauluka agaric, amanita wofiira amanita, Agaricus muscarius, Amanitaria muscaria. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Bowa wachifumu ali ndi chigawo chokwanira chachikulu - kuyambira 8 mpaka 20 cm. Mbali yakunja imakhala ndi mabala akuluakulu a chikasu, omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa, ndikupanga chophimba chopitirira. Kapu pachigawo choyambirira ali ndi mawonekedwe a dzira, omwe amakalamba ndi malo ochepa a concave. Mtundu ndi wofiira kapena azitona.
- Msola umasiyananso kutalika, womwe uli masentimita 10-20 ndipo uli ndi mamita 15-20 mm. Kumunsi kuli chiwindikiro chofanana ndi dzira. Pafupi ndi kapu, mwendo umakhala wopepuka. Pamwamba pali velvety, zojambula zoyera. Kuchokera kumakhudza kungawonongeke, chifukwa pali kukwera. Palinso ziphuphu ndi mphete pa phesi.
- Mnofu uli ndi mtundu wachikasu wofiirira, pafupifupi palibe fungo.
- Ma mbalewo amakhala ophatikizapo pedicle pachiyambi choyamba. Zithunzi mu kirimu mtundu.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu yambiri ya amanita, maonekedwe achifumu a mycorrhiza ndi mitengo yotchedwa coniferous and deciduous trees (spruce, pine, birch). Anagawira ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia, ndipo anapezanso ku Alaska ndi ku Korea. Nthawi ya fruiting ndi kuyambira July mpaka October.
Mukhoza kusokoneza bowa wachifumu ndi bowa woumba bowa wofiira ndi wa panther, koma izi sizikusintha mkhalidwewu, chifukwa mitundu itatu yonse ili yoopsa kwa anthu, kotero palibe chifukwa cholingalira kusiyana.
Phunzirani kusiyanitsa bowa ndi boletus kuchokera ku bowa wonyansa.
Amanita Panther
M'zigawo zapitazo, tinakumbukira mawonekedwe awa, omwe sali otetezeka kwa anthu. Kenaka, tikuwonetseratu tsatanetsatane wa bowa la panther. 
Kudya
The poizoni wa bowa ndi ofanana ndi bleached ndi mudope. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale voliyumu yaing'ono, imayambitsa kulephera kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe a ziwalo, omwe amatha kufa.
Dzina lina
Mwa anthu, mtundu umenewu umatchedwa gray amanita. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita pantherina. Sayansi zina zowonjezera: Agaricus pantherinus, Amanitaria pantherina, Agaricus pantherinus. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewa cha pakati pa 4 ndi 12 cm mwake, chojambula mu mtundu wofiirira. Mmene mawonekedwewo alili pachigawo choyambirira, ndikuwoneka pa nthawi ya kusasitsa kwa mkangano. Mbali yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabala oyera oyera omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa kapu.
- Phazi liri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 12, ndi madigiri a 12 mm. Zipaka zoyera. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pamwamba pake pamakhala pang'ono, ndipo kuchokera pansi pamakhala chifuwa chachikulu. Pamwamba pa tsinde ndi porous, pali mphete yomwe ili yochepa kwambiri, yofooka kwambiri.
- Thupi ndi loyera, limakhudzana ndi mpweya, mtundu sukusintha. Ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
- Mabalawo ndi osowa, oyera. Ndi phazi silikula.
Ndikofunikira! Chipewa chingakhale ndi mitundu yambiri, monga: bulauni, kuwala kofiira, imvi, yakuda-azitona.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Zomwe zimaphatikiziridwa ndi mankhwala a coniferous ndi deciduous, choncho, zimapezeka muzomera zofanana mu malo ozizira. Mukhoza kuzindikira bowa la panther pansi pa pine, beech, thundu. Amamva zabwino pa nthaka yamchere, koma sakonda acidification. Thupi la chipatso limapangidwa kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa July mpaka kumapeto kwa September.
Amanita grungy
Timatembenukira ku mitundu ina yochititsa chidwi ya amanita, yomwe ili ya subgenus Lepidella.
Kudya kapena ayi
Ngakhalenso bowa ukamadya, ndiye kuti simungadye, chifukwa cha zonyansa za thupi lopanda pamwamba. 
Palibe yankho losayenerera pankhani yokhutira, popeza zosiyana sizinaphunzirepo pang'ono. Poganizira izi, ndizoopsa kudya bowa ndi bowa, chifukwa simudziwa kukonzekera mankhwala ndi momwe thupi lanu lidzakhudzire.
Ndikofunikira! Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza imfa pambuyo mutadya fungasiyi.
Dzina lina
Mitunduyi ilibe mayina ena, koma ndi Chilatini chabe - Amanita franchetii.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 9, minofu, yonyezimira chikasu kapena azitona. Bowa wachinyamata ali ndi kapu yozungulira, ndi bowa wokhwima ali ndi phokoso, ndi mapiri pang'ono.
- Msolo uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 8, pafupifupi 15 mm m'mimba mwake. Ojambula ndi mtundu wachikasu, wofiira. Akakhwima amakhala opanda.
- Thupi liri loyera loyera. Pogwirizana ndi mpweya, mdulidwe umatembenuka chikasu. Ali ndi fungo losangalatsa.
- Ma mbalewo alipo momasuka. Zili zoyera mu bowa wachinyamata, ndipo zimakhala zachikasu mukhwima.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Kukumana ndi bowa uwu m'chilengedwe ndi kovuta kwambiri, koma n'zotheka. Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi thundu, beech, hornbeam. Amamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Amapezeka ku Ulaya konse, komanso ku Central ndi South Asia, Japan, USA, Algeria ndi Morocco. Thupi lokwezeka limapangidwa kuyambira June mpaka Oktoba.
Ponena za kufanana ndi bowa zina, ndiye kuti mwina ndi mitundu yokhayo ya bowa yomwe si yofanana ndi bowa wina. Sungasokonezedwe ngakhale ndi "abale". Ndipo kupatsidwa mwayi wochepa, bowa uwu udzakhala wopindulitsa kwambiri kwa osonkhanitsa kuposa kudabwa kosasangalatsa kwa wosankha wa bowa wa novice.
Amanita bristly
Kenaka, tiyeni tiyankhule za mtundu wa ntchentche, womwe uli patali ndi wofanana ndi chigoba choyera. Tiyeni tikambilane za maonekedwe a bowa. 
Kudya kapena ayi
Bristly Amanita amatchulidwa ngati bowa wosadulidwa. Sizowopsa kwambiri, koma zimayambitsa poyizoni ngakhale pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. 
Dzina lina
Mayina ena a mitundu imeneyi ali ambiri, omwe ndi: mafuta a bristly ndi azinyalala. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita echinocephala.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Kapu imakhala ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 14. Mu matupi aang'ono a zipatso, ndi ozungulira, mwa okhwima amawululidwa ngati ambulera, lonse. Kusiyana minofu. Chipewacho ndi choyera choyera, pali zotsalira zowonongeka. Komanso pa kapu pali zida zazikulu kwambiri, chifukwa cha bowacho dzina lake. Nkhondo ndi imvi.
- Msolo uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15, nthawi zambiri amatha kufika masentimita 20. Wapakati mwake ndi 25 mm. Kapangidwe ka mwendowo kamakupatsani inu kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ina ya amanita. Tsinde limakhala lolimba pakati, pomwe maziko, omwe amamizidwa m'nthaka, ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Zipaka zoyera. Pafupi ndi kumunsi uko pali mamba oyera omwe amaoneka bwino.
- Mnofu ndi wosiyana mosiyanasiyana, uli ndi mtundu woyera, komanso fungo losasangalatsa. Mwachindunji pansi pa khungu muli mtundu wachikasu pang'ono.
- Ma mbalewo ndi omasuka komanso omasuka. Mu bowa wachinyamata, amajambula oyera, ndipo ali okhwima, pinki.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Bristly Amanita ndi wamba m'mapiri onse omwe amapezeka ndi nkhalango, koma amakonda kupanga mycorrhiza ndi thundu. Amamera pa nthaka yamchere pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja, amakonda gawo la hydrated bwino. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, chifukwa pali nyengo yabwino kwambiri. Kawirikawiri kupezeka m'dera la Israel ndi ku Caucasus. Ukalamba ndi kuyambira July mpaka October.
Mukhoza kusokoneza mitundu iyi ndi bowa wa pineal. Pineal imakhala ndi fungo lokoma, komanso mapepala oyera, omwe samasintha ndi ukalamba. 
Amanita wowala kwambiri
Manyowa osiyanasiyana a amanita, omwe amatha kupanga bowa wosadziŵika bwino akhoza kusokoneza ndi bowa wodyedwa wamba, ngakhale yaiwisi. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bowa. 
Kudya kapena ayi
Palibe yankho lachindunji pa funsoli, chifukwa m'mayiko ena amadyetsedwa, ndipo ena amalinganizidwa kukhala oyenera kapena oopsa. Chiwombankhanga chowuluka chimauluka mosiyana kwambiri ndi poizoni, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi dera ndi dera la kukula. Ndi chifukwa chake bowa amadyetsedwa ku France, ndipo ku Germany akukhala ngati akupha.
Vuto silili kokha poizoni, komanso kuti pambuyo podya mankhwalawa, ziwonetsero zazikulu zimachitika, ndipo ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mochuluka, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi waukulu wodwalayo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati poizoni, zizindikirozo zikufanana ndi bowa la panther.
Dzina lina
Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita gemmata. Mayina ena akuyimiridwa ndi ma synonymous a sayansi, ndiwo: Agaricus gemmatus, Amanitopsis gemmata, Venenarius gemmatus. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 10, chojambulidwa mu chikasu chowala ndi chotupa cha saladi. Nthaŵi zina mtunduwo umasintha ku lalanje loyera kapena lofiira. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi ofiira, komatu, kumtunda kukulira pang'ono ndi kusintha kwakukulu, chifukwa chomwe mawonekedwe a bowa amafanana ndi isosceles trapezium. Mu bowa wamkulu, mawonekedwe a kapu ndi ofunika, ndi m'mphepete mwazing'ono.
- Msola uli wochepa kwambiri, umakhala wochepa kwambiri, uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndi mamita awiri kufika 15 mm. Oyera ndi utoto wofiirira. Mitundu yaing'ono ya zipatso imakhala ndi mphete.
- Thupi liri ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mukamaswa fungo la radish.
- Ma mbalewo ndi aulere, ofewa, opaka utoto mu bowa aang'ono ndi ocheru omwe ali okhwima.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Kuwala kofiira kofiira kumakhala kovuta makamaka ndi coniferous zomera, komanso kumakula m'nkhalango zakuda. Amakonda dothi lachinyontho, choncho silinapezeke pa loams. Amakhala m'madera otentha. Mapangidwe a thupi lapamwambali amapezeka kuyambira May mpaka September.
Mukhoza kusokoneza izi ndi zovuta zomwe takambirana kale. Kusiyana kuli mu kukula kwa kapu. Pa float pali filimu yotchuka kwambiri volvo, ndipo mwendo ulibe mphamvu. Mukhozanso kusokoneza ndi bowa bowa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi fungo. Bowa la fungali lili ndi fungo losangalatsa la mbatata yaiwisi.
Amanita ovoid
Kenaka, timalingalira mitundu yodabwitsa ya amanita, yomwe ili ya subgenus yosiyana ya Lepidella. Tiyeni tiyankhule za zomwe zili zapadera pa bowa. 
Kudya kapena ayi
Bowa amaonedwa kuti ndi odyetsedwa, komabe, pakhala pali poizoni, kotero oyamba kumene ndibwino kuti asagwiritse ntchito pophika mbale zosiyanasiyana. Komanso bowa sayenera kusonkhanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yoopsa ya bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa woboola ngati dzira udzatchulidwa m'buku la Red Book la Russian Federation ku Krasnodar Territory.
Dzina lina
Palibe mayina ena. Pali chilankhulo chokha cha Chilatini - Amanita ovoidea. 
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 20, chojambula choyera. Poyambirira, ili ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, chifukwa chake mtunduwu umatchedwa dzina lake, koma panthawi ya kusasitsa, kapu imatuluka, kenako chikhocho chimakhala chogwedezeka.
- Tsinde ndi lachangu, lili ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 15 ndipo ndi lalikulu mamita 4 masentimita. Zipaka zoyera. Msoza uli wophimbidwa ndi mealy white scurf.
- Mnofu ndi woyera, wandiweyani mokwanira, samasintha mtundu pamene umalumikizana ndi mpweya. Kumva ndi kulawa kulibe.
- Ma mbale ali lonse, okonzedwa momasuka. Zipaka zoyera, koma pa kusasitsa kungakhale zonona.
- Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi kukhalapo kwa "msuzi" woyera umene umapachika pansi pa kapu. Zavumbulutsidwa zoyera. Bowa wophika mokwanira ukhoza kusoweka.
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mukhoza kumakumana ndi nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zam'madzi, koma nthawi zambiri bowa limalowa mumtambo ndi thundu, beech ndi mabokosi. Amapezeka kumalo otentha otentha. Bowa woboola ngati dzira imasankha dothi lamchere. Mapangidwe a gawo lamlengalenga akuchitika kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba.
Ndi zophweka kusokoneza mitundu yomwe ikukambilana ndi "abale" owopsya, monga: kununkhira kofiira, kasupe kapena pafupi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikulumikiza nsalu pamphepete mwa kapu, komanso kukhalapo kwa mphete.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta owongolera bowa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito povulala poizoni ndi khungu (mazira).
Kaisara amanita
Pomalizira, tidzakambirana momveka bwino za amanita Kaisara, omwe tinakumbukira m'magawo ammbuyo. Tiyeni tikambirane za makhalidwe ake. 
Kudya
Bowa wodyetsedwa mokwanira, umene kuyambira nthawi zakale umatengedwa kuti ndi zokoma zokoma. Kuphika sikungokhala kuphika. Zitha kuuma, zokazinga, kuziphika pa grill. Mitundu yaing'ono ya zipatso imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro, kuwonjezera saladi. Mwinamwake, izi ndizo mitundu yokha ya amanita, yomwe imapezeka kuti imapezeka ndi bowa. 
Dzina lina
Pali mayina ena a Russian owonjezera: bowa wosakanizidwa, bowa wobiriwira, bowa wam'madzi, bowa wachifumu. Dzina lachilatini ndi Amanita caesarea.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bowa ndi: boletus, bowa, mkaka, uchi agarics, bowa aspen, bowa woyera.
Zomwe zimawoneka
- Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20, ndipo chimakhala chowonekera pamtunda woyambirira, ndipo zimakhala zosalala pambuyo pokalamba. Mphepete mwa kapu muli ndi zowoneka bwino. Mtunduwu ndi monochromatic, wofanana ndi mtundu wa chanterelles (golide-lalanje). Zotsalira za pamatumba akusowa.
- Kutalika kwa miyendo kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 12 cm. Diameter - 20-30 mm. Kujambula mu mtundu wachikasu-lalanje, kuwala kuposa kapu. Pali chigwa cha tuberiform, chimene mu bowa wachinyamata amafanana ndi dzira lodulidwa.
- Mnofu ndi wamtundu kwambiri, wobiriwira mu mtundu wachikasu. Kumva ndi kulawa kulibe.
- Ma mbalewo amajambulidwa ndi mtundu womwewo. Zokwanira kwambiri, zotayirira, zomangira pamphepete.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa wochuluka wothira mafuta a hydrogen sulfide (mazira ovunda).
Nthawi ndi kumene zimakula, mapasa
Mafomu mycorrhiza ndi thundu, beech ndi msuzi. Amapezeka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango zowonongeka, koma zakhala zikuwoneka m'magetsi. Amakonda mchenga, osati dothi losasunthika, komanso nyengo yofunda. Malo ogawikana akugwirizanitsa ndi kulima mphesa. Mungathe kukomana naye ku Azerbaijan, Georgia, ku Carpathians, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mapangidwe a thupi la zipatso amapezeka m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. 
Bowa la Kaisara ndi losavuta kusokoneza ndi bowa wofiira, chifukwa pa siteji ina ya chitukuko bowa ndi ofanana ndi mtundu. Pofuna kupewa cholakwika cholakwika, muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino mbale ndi mwendo. Mu bowa wofiira iwo ali oyera, osati achikasu. Komanso musaiwale za nkhondo zoyera, zomwe sizili mu bowa la Kaisara.
Video: Mbiri ya Mushroom Kaisara
Kumbukirani kuti chokha chodziwika bwino cha bowa chokha chimatha kusiyanitsa zakudya zowonongeka, choncho musadye bowa osadziwika mwanjira iliyonse. Ngakhalenso bowa zomwe zimadya bwino zimayambitsa poizoni ngati zikukula pafupi ndi mafakitale, zomera kapena misewu.
