Makina opanga zomangamanga akukula pamodzi ndi zofunikira zomwe anthu amapereka pa malo okhalamo kapena malo ogwirira ntchito. Zomwe nyumbayo imamangidwa kapena mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe mkati mwake zimapangidwira, momwe zilili zotetezeka komanso zothazikika - zonsezi ndi zofunika kwa munthu wamakono.
About aerocrete
Zipangizo zamakono zamakono ziyenera kutsatizana ndi magawo ambiri. Lero, wogula akupereka zofunikira zambiri zofunikira pa katundu:
- chiyanjano cha chilengedwe - nthawi zina kufunafuna mtengo wotsika sikusandutsa matenda owonetsetsa, chifukwa gulu la zipangizo zogula zopanda mtengo sizikhala ndi pasipoti ya chilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri muli formaldehyde, phenol ndi zina zotupa;
- kumasuka kwa ntchito kapena kuika;
- chovala chokwera chotsuka;
- chisanu kukana;
- cholemera;
- chosokoneza;
- mkulu wa zowonjezera kutentha;
- kutsekemera kolunjika;
- mtengo wokwanira.
Mukudziwa? Kukhala ndi mpumulo wabwino, munthu amafunika kugona mu nyumba yamatabwa. - Maola 6, m'nyumba ya njerwa - maola 8, mu nyumba yokwera kwambiri ya ma konki a konkire - maola 12. Nyumba yosungirako mafutayi mumndandanda umenewu imatenga malo amodzi pambuyo pa mtengo umodzi. Asayansi apeza kuti munthu amafunika maola 7 okha kuti apumule.
Zowonjezera zonsezi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndi konkire yowonongeka - nyumba yamakono, yomwe ili yosalekeza ya konkire ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga.
Ndilobokosi losiyana siyana la konkire ya makina, komwe mpweya umatulutsa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya voliyumu.
Mwa kupanga kwake kokha zigawo zosawononga zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chigawo chachikulu cha chisakanizo cha mtsogolo ndi mchenga wa quartz (60%), mofanana ndi laimu ndi simenti (20%), ufa wa aluminium (0.5-1%) ndi madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. 
Malinga ndi njira yomwe amapangidwira, autoclave ndi konkrete yomwe ilibe autoclaved ndi yosiyana.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge momwe mungamangire njerwa, chetyrekhskatnuyu ndi denga la mansard, komanso momwe mungagwirire denga ndi matope kapena zitsulo zamkuwa.
Ndondomeko yoyendetsera konkire ya autoklave ili ndi ndondomeko iyi:
- Mchenga wa quartz umayikidwa mumagetsi a mafakitale a kugaya mpira, mkati mwa ng'anjo pali mipira, yomwe imadula mchenga ku fumbi;
- Mchenga wosweka, simenti ndi laimu zimasakanizidwa mu chidebe chapadera;
- madzi ndi aluminium phala amawonjezeka ku zowakanizika. Chifukwa cha zomwe laimu ndi aluminiyamu zimayimitsidwa, haidrojeni imapezeka. Amapanga chisakanizo (kenaka pamapeto pake) chiwerengero chachikulu cha voids - kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 mm m'mimba mwake;
- chisakanizocho chimatsanulira mu nkhungu, kusiya gawo lachinayi losadza. Panthawiyi, chisakanizo chikufanana ndi mtanda wa yisiti - pambuyo pa maola 2-3 sikuti imangokwera kumene, koma imakhalanso ndi nthawi yovuta. Chinyezi mu chipinda chomwe konkire yowonongeka iyenera kuwonjezeka;
- Zinthu zolemetsa zimadulidwa muzitsulo zofanana, zomwe mbali yake imachotsedwa;
- Pambuyo pake, zipikazo zimayikidwa mu autoclave, pomwe nthunzi zimachitika kwa maola 12 kutentha kwa 191 ° C ndipo pamakanikiro a 12 atmospheres. Autoclaving amalola kupeza kusintha koteroko mu konokono ya konkire yowonongeka, yomwe imapanga mchere wodzipangira - tobermorite, umene uli ndi ntchito zosiyana, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi kuchepa. Kutangotha chithandizo cha kutentha, zakuthupi zimakhala zokhudzana ndi 30%, zomwe zimachepetsa mpaka 5-10% pachaka;
- Zokonzeka zokhazikika zanyamula ndi kutumizidwa kwa ogula.
Konkire ya konkire yowonjezera yowonongeka imasiyanasiyana pokhapokha kuti chotsirizira chodutsa chimapita pamsewu wa autoclaving. Ndifungo lamchere la mchenga wa phala lamtengo wapatali, wochepa kwambiri mu khalidwe kwa mnzake.
Video: ma teknoloji yopanga makina okhwima omwe amawotchera
Mitundu ya timatabwa ta konkire
Mitengo ya konkire yowonongeka imasiyana mosiyana ndi cholinga chawo.
Mukudziwa? Ojambula gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi, chifukwa kuwala kwake ndi mtengo wake wololera amakulolani kuti mupange luso lapamwamba ndi ndalama zochepa zowonongeka. Chifukwa cha miyala iyi yopangira, njira yonse yojambula - Ytong Art.
Mwa kusankhidwa, iwo ndi:
- kutsegula kutentha - Kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu pakupanga kwawo ndiko kusunga kutentha mu chipinda. Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kuchokera ku D 350, mphamvu 0.7-1 MPa, kutentha kwapadera 0.08-0.09 W / (mS). Choipa chawo chachikulu ndi chakuti pores ambiri, ngakhale amapereka kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsekemera kwa mawu, koma amalepheretsa mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu;
- kuteteza kutentha kotentha - "golidi" amatanthawuza kuti "sungokhala ndi kutentha bwino m'nyumba ndikuziteteza ku phokoso losafunikira, koma limakhalanso losatha poyerekeza ndi kutsekemera kwa matenthedwe. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimadziwika ndi D 400, mpweya wothandizira wa 0.1 W / (mS) ndi mphamvu ya 1-1.5 MPa. Ndibwino kuti musamangidwe ndi makoma akunja, komanso kumanganso mapangidwe amkati ndi makoma olemera;
- zomangamanga - Zizindikiro za mtundu umenewu ndizo zotsatirazi: D grade 500, kutentha kwapadera 0.12 W / (mS), mphamvu kuchokera 2 MPa. Ngati chisankhocho chimaima pambaliyi, chotsatira chake, dongosolo lokonzekera lidzakhala lamphamvu, bata, kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yozizira.
Mu mawonekedwe:
- chophimba cha pulogalamu ndi dzanja - omasuka kwambiri kuntchito ya omanga. Ichi ndi chipangizo chamakono chomwe chimapangitsa kuti phindu la zomangamanga liwonjezeke komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi. Pambuyo pake, ndi kosavuta kusuntha timatabwa zomwe zimapereka manja m'malo mwa mapuloteni ophatikizidwa. Kuonjezerapo, mtundu uwu umateteza njira yothandizira kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha phokoso lamadzimadzi, mipando yowongoka siimasowa kukonzekera kwina konse. Koma kawirikawiri mtundu uwu umakhala wosasunthika pang'ono kusiyana ndi ziboliboli zowonongeka;
- ndi m'mphepete mwazitali ndi manja - oyenera mtundu uliwonse wamatabwa. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zabwino zolimbitsa thupi ndi zosavuta zowonongeka;
- zibokosi zoboola mahatchi - zogwirizana ndi kupanga mabotolo a zida, zitsulo pamwamba pa mawindo ndi zitseko, kupanga mawonekedwe popanga zithunzi ndi matabwa.
Mukudziwa? Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi, France ndi Germany akutsogolera (zomanga 80%). Chachiwiri ndi Spain (55%). Conservative Britain imaperekanso msonkho kwa chozizwitsa chokonzekera - ikuluikulu ku Ulaya chifukwa cha ntchito yake - 40% ya zinthu zomangamanga zimamangidwa kuchokera ku konkire yowonongeka.
Ubwino wa timatabwa ta konkire
Ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi ambiri:
- chiyanjano cha chilengedwe - mwa kupanga kwake zigawo zokhazokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- mtengo wotsika - miyalayi yokhala yotsika mtengo kuposa zipangizo zina;
- mphamvu;
- kulemera kwake - kumakulepheretsani kuti musakope zipangizo zowonjezera kuti musamangidwe ndipo musagwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso mopanikizika pamakoma ndi maziko a nyumbayi;
- amapereka zabwino kutsekemera kutentha - izi zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a maselo a konkire wofiira;
- Kutsekemera kosavuta - chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe, mapepala, mapayala ndi mapiri amalola kuti nkhaniyo ifike mosavuta ndikupatsanso kukula kwake;
- Kutsekemera kwa kutentha - kansalu kakang'ono ka konkirekiti, kamene kamakhala pamwamba pa nyumbayo, kudzaonetsetsa kutentha kwa nyumba kwa zaka zambiri;
- kutsekemera kolunjika;
- mpweya wokwanira - phokoso lamalolo limalola mwamuna ndi mkazi kukhala omasuka kuchoka mu chipinda;
- khalidwe lovomerezeka - mu mafakitale, kulamulira ndi kupezeka kwa kalata yoyenera ya katundu ndizofunikira;
- Kukaniza moto - mumapangidwe ake mulibe zida zotentha komanso zotentha.
Kukonzekera m'nyumba kapena nyumba kumafuna kukonzekera koyambirira. Ndicho chifukwa chake zidzakuthandizani kuti muphunzire momwe mungachotsere utoto kuchokera pamakoma, ndikumeta kuchokera padenga, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapuloteni, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito madzi pakhomo, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pakhomo ndi kusintha, momwe mungapangire mapepala apangidwe ndi pakhomo kapena momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makoma ndi plasterboard.
Katemera wa makonkiti okhwima
Ngakhale kuti mndandanda wa ubwino wa konkire yowonongeka ndi yosangalatsa, nkhaniyo ili ndi zovuta zake. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kuchepa (makamaka panthawi ya kuponderezana);
- Kukwanitsa kutenga ndi kusunga chinyezi;
- kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono;
- mawonekedwe a nyumba yamatabwa ndi nthawi ya microcracks ndi ming'alu.
Momwe mungasankhire gazobloki
Mukamagula katundu, mukhoza kufunsa wogulitsa sitolo, kapena funsani malangizo kwa anzanu omwe amamvetsa malonda.
Video: ndi mitundu yanji yamabwalo ndi momwe mungasankhire
Ndikofunikira! Posankha gazoblokov ayenera kugwirizanitsa cholinga cha ntchito ndi luso lazinthu zogula.
Ngati mutasankha kusankha aerocrete nokha, muyenera kudziwa zoyenera kuti mugulitse. Chinthu chirichonse chopindula kapena chosowa chiri ndi mawu amodzi:
- zotenthetsa - kumunsi kwake kokwanira, kutentha kwa chipinda. Mizere ya coefficient kuchokera ku 0.075 W / (m • K) polemba kuchuluka kwa D350 ndi 0.25 W / (m • K) polemba kuchuluka kwa D700;
- osalimba - pamwamba pake, chizindikiro cholimba ndi chosiyana-siyana - ndi zizindikiro zochepa, zizindikiro zamphamvu zimagwera (koma chigawo chimapeza kulemera kwake, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomangamanga pamodzi). Kawirikawiri, konkirekiti yowonongeka ili ndi kuchuluka kwakeko: D300; D350; D400; D500; D600; D700; D800; D900; D1000; D1100; D1200 kg / m3;
- mphamvu - chikhalidwe ichi chikufotokozedwa ndi chilembo M chotsatiridwa ndi chiwerengero chomwe chili mu kgf / cm2. Amasonyeza kufunika kwa mphamvu. Momwe chiwerengero cha zinthu zingasinthike chikuwonetsedwa ndi kuyika B, kutsatiridwa ndi nambala mu MPa, kutanthauza mphamvu yotsimikiziridwa. Gulu laling'ono kwambiri la mphamvu limatchedwa B0.35 (M5), ndipo zipangizo zotsalira kwambiri zili ndi chiwerengero cha 350-400 kg / m3;
- kuteteza moto - Konkire yowonongeka ndi yazinthu zopanda moto. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kupirira ma moto kwa maola angapo;
- mpweya wokwanira - chizindikiro ichi chimapangitsa kuti athe kuchotsa mpweya ndi chinyezi kuchokera kuchipinda. Amawerengedwa mu mg / (m.h.Pa). Zapangidwe zowonongeka molunjika zimadalira unyinji: m'munsi mwakachetechete, ndipamwamba kwambiri mpweya wokwanira. Powonongeka kwa D 600, kupuma kwa mpweya kumakhala 0.023-0.021 g / m * h, D 700 - 0.020-0.018 g / m * h, D 800 - 0.018-0.016 g / m * h;
- kutsekemera kwabwino - chizindikiro ichi chikuwerengedwa mu decibels (dB). Zomwe zili pamwambazi, zimakhala zomveka bwino. Kutalika kwa makoma ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe nyumbayo imamangidwa, kumakhudzanso phokoso lopangira phokoso coefficients. Zomwe zili pamwamba, phokoso lochepa lidzalowa mkati mwawo;
- kukula kwake - chololedwa ndi kuchoka kwachinyengo chiyenera kukhala 0,5-0.8 mm. Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi chachikulu, chidacho ndizokwatirana.
Malamulo osungirako gasi
Kusungirako makomenti okhwima a konkire ndi osavuta, koma kumafuna kukhazikitsa malamulo ena. Mukasunga poyera, choyamba:
- Konzani pasadakhale pogona, wodzazidwa ndi zida, nsanja;
- ganizirani zochitika pamtunda - ngati mvula imagwa nthawi zambiri, ndiye malo osungiramo zinthu zowonongeka ayenera kukhala osasamala pang'ono chifukwa cha madzi a mvula.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kusungira timatabwa ta konkire, tawonongeka pamulu. Izi zikhoza kuwononga zogulitsa zambiri.
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti zipika siziwopa kutentha. Choncho, ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri sawopa.
Ngati mapulogalamu oyambirira atsegulidwa, ndipo zina mwazogwiritsidwa kale ntchito, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe zili muzolembedwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa.
Kuti muchite izi, filimu yoyenera, ndodo, zinthu zakutchire, zidutswa za kaleleum zakale. Mu fomu iyi, aerocrete yosungidwa mosamala mpaka kutentha ndi kuyamba kumangidwe katsopano. 
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhaniyi imasiya madzi mopanda mantha. Choncho, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mphepo (mvula, chisanu, kusungunuka madzi) musayambe kugwera mu zipangizozo. Pachifukwa ichi, phukuthi loyendetsa liyenera kukhala lalitali la masentimita 10-15 kuchokera pansi. Ndikofunika kufufuza kudalirika ndi umphumphu wa pogona (filimu, chida, etc.).
Kukhalapo kwa denga kumapangitsa kale kusungirako magetsi. Pano ndi koyenera kuopa madzi osungunuka okha, motero ndikofunikira kupereka mwayi wopezera zinthu pamtunda wokwanira kuchokera pansi.
Werenganinso za makhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha OSP-3 chokhazikika.
Konkire yowonongeka - nyumba yamakono. Kuwonjezera pa chiyanjano chake, chiyanjano ndi ubwino wina, zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi zipangizo zina, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zovuta zonse (ngakhale zojambula).
Zomwe zimachitika padziko lonse zimapangitsa kuwonjezereka kufunikira ndipo zimalola kuti icho chikhale chimodzi mwa zipangizo zodziwika kwambiri komanso zomangamanga pamsika wamakono.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
