Kuwona (Sedum) kumatchuka: mitundu, kufesa ndi kufotokozera

Kukonzekera kwa malo kumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, zomwe zimatulutsa maluwa otchuka - maluwa okongola omwe adzakhala owonjezera ku bedi lililonse la maluwa. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mmene duwali limagwiritsidwira ntchito popangidwira, momwe zimakhalira ndi kukula ndi kubereka m'nyumba, ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda omwe angathe komanso tizilombo towononga.

Zamkatimu:

• Kufalikira
• Mitundu yotchuka
• Kugwiritsa ntchito popangidwe
• Kukula pakhomo
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
• Kuswana
• Kudulira
• Zima
• Zingakhale zovuta kukula
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Video: Kulima kotchuka

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Sedum wotchuka, kapena Sedum, ndi nthumwi ya mtundu waukulu kwambiri wachinsinsi. Maluwawo ndi osatha, omwe amatanthauza kuti ndi odzichepetsa ndipo adzapulumuka mu dothi lopanda chinyezi kapena miyala.

Onani mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya stonecrop.

Pa nthawi ya maluwa imakhala ndi inflorescences yochuluka yomwe imatha kufika masentimita 15 m'mizere. Mitunduyi ndi yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, pinki mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana, yofiira komanso yofiira. Sedum ikuwoneka ngati chitsamba chophwanyidwa, chomwe chiri chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito popanga malo.

Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti Sedum limachokera ku liwu lachilatini "sedere", lomwe limatanthauza "kukhala." Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe masamba odulidwa m'madzi a stonecrop, ndipo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mphukira.

Zimayambira m'munda kapena kunyumba kufika masentimita 80, ndipo zachilengedwe kumeneko zimatuluka mpaka masentimita 50. Sedum ili ndi minofu, yowutsa mudyo, imaphimba masamba mwamphamvu. Mtundu wa masambawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kubiriwira kupita ku maroon.

Nthawi ya maluwa imayamba mu July, pamene inflorescences ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo chomeracho chimakhala ndi masamba okongola kwambiri kusiyana ndi maluwa okongola. Koma m'dzinja inflorescences amakhala yowala ndipo zidzakhala choncho ngakhale chisanakhale choyamba chisanu komanso chisanu.

Kufalikira

Chomeracho chimachokera kummawa kwa Asia, ndipo kumpoto kwa China kumaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira. Sedum yafala ku Japan ndi Korea. M'mayiko amenewa, n'zosavuta kukumana kuthengo. M'malo okongoletsera maluwa maluwa ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Mukudziwa? Imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba ya sedum ndi Yopambana, yomwe inapezedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri - mu 1913.

Mitundu yotchuka

Kumalo okongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya sedum, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi omwe amakhala aakulu kuposa ena omwe angathe kukhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera:

• "Frosti Morne". Sili ndi maluwa okongola okha, komanso amawonanso mtundu wa masamba. Zikuwoneka kuti zimajambulidwa muzitsamba zoyera ndi zobiriwira. Imakhala ndi mphukira ya 10-15 masentimita ndipo imakula mpaka masentimita 35. Maluwa okongola a pinki amaonekera kuyambira masiku oyambirira a September.

• "Zowonongeka". Izi Sedum imamera ndi masamba oyera, omwe amakhala ndi masentimita 15. Dzina la zosiyanasiyana linasankhidwa ndi kufanana ndi mchere wa ice, monga sedum inflorescences. Maluwawo amatha kufika masentimita 35, ndipo amayamba kuphulika sabata yoyamba ya September.

• "Matron". Iyenera kugwira ntchito ya mmodzi mwa akuluakulu a stonecrop otchuka - mpaka 65 masentimita. Zimayambira za zomera zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, ndipo maluwa ndi ofiira-pinki. Sindikizani mitundu mpaka 20-25 masentimita awiri. Maluwa amayamba mu August.

• Kuthamanga. Dzina lakuti "stardust" kwenikweni amatanthawuza "fumbi la nyenyezi", chifukwa timing'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ta mbeuyi timafanana ndi asterisks. Masamba a maluwa amenewa ali ndi zobiriwira, amamasula mu September.

• "Septemberglut". Dzina mu German limatanthauza "lamoto la September". Ikulongosola bwino maluwa awa - mdima wakuda wakuda wa sedum ukuwoneka ngati wawunikira ndi magetsi a m'dzinja. Kutalika kwa zomera kumatha kufika masentimita 60. Masambawo ndi ofiira komanso a buluu. Maluwa amawoneka mu September, omwe amamveka kuchokera ku dzina, ndipo amakondweretsa wokhalapo mpaka ku chisanu choyamba. Zikuwoneka zokongola m'malo momwe zimakhalira ndi tirigu.

• "Wokongola". Maphunziro akale kwambiri a stonecrop ndi otchuka. Iye ndiye amene adayambitsa maziko a mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chochepa chokha mpaka 45 cm mu msinkhu. Mphukira imatha kufika 25 masentimita awiri. Mtengo wa piritsi-carmine umaphukira m'masiku otsiriza a August kapena zaka khumi zoyambirira za September. Pakati pazitsamba zimakhala zowonjezereka ndipo zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri.

• "Diamond Edge. " Masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofiira mu mtundu, zimayambira ndi zofiira, ndipo maluwa amathandiza mbewuyo ndi kuwala kofiira. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka 50 cm mu msinkhu ndipo chimamasula nthawi kuyambira pachiyambi cha autumn mpaka chisanu choyamba.

• Carl. Monga Septemberglut, ili ndi pink inflorescences ndi zobiriwira masamba ofiira ndi zimayambira. Ndizochepa kwambiri - mpaka 50 masentimita ndipo ali ndi chisanu chotsutsa. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene chisanu chimawombera, mumatha kuwona osasunthika bwino, maluwa osungidwa pa zomera.

• "Variyegata". Ili ndi masamba okongoletsera a chikasu, choncho ndi ofunika kwambiri pamaso pa maluwa. Maluwa ali ndi pinki-lingonberry mtundu. Chomera chimakula mpaka 60 cm ndipo chimakonda dzuwa. Amayamba maluwa m'masabata oyambirira a autumn.

• "Mfumu Yachizungu". Imodzi mwa mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya sedum. Mazira a pinki amapezeka bwino ndi masamba odzaza madzi ndi bulamu zakuda za sedum. Malowa akuphatikizidwa bwino ndi maluwa oyera. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi 50 cm, kuli ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chogwirana, chomwe sichiposa 80 cm mwake. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa mwezi wa August.

• "Neon". Chitsamba chili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Chimawoneka ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa masamba - m'chilimwe iwo ali ndi imvi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amakhala ofiira-mkuwa. Mtundu umapezeka pakati pa mwezi wa August ndipo umatha mpaka kumapeto kwa October. Maluwawo ali ndi mtundu wa lilac-pinki.

• "Xenoks". Wodziwika kuti woimira "wofiira" kwambiri sedumov. Zimayambira, maluwa, masamba - mbali zonse zooneka za mbewuzo zimakhala ndi zofiirira zofiirira. Small chitsamba - mpaka 35 masentimita.

• "Carmen". Maluwa amakhala ndi pinki yobiriwira, ndipo masamba amawala wobiriwira ndi mitsempha yofiira yofiira. Zimayambira kumangiriza mtundu wa burgundy wowala. Zimakula chitsamba chamtunda mpaka 50 cm mu msinkhu ndi 30 masentimita awiri. Maluwa kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa August mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.

• "Autmn Moto". Potanthauzira, dzina limatanthauza "moto wa autumn". Zimayambira kufika 50 masentimita ndikukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Masambawa ndi ofiira ndi imvi. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamkuwa.

• "Portmans Pride". Sedum imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndi maluwa - pinki yofiira. Amasonyeza mtundu ukuyamba mu September.

• "Red Cowley". Amasonkhanitsa masamba ofiira ndi masamba ofiira. Amakula mpaka 50 cm.

• Rosteteller. Lili ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi mano osakwanira m'mphepete mwake. Maluwa ndi aakulu, pamwamba pa peduncles. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wa lingonberry-pinki. Kutalika kumafikira 40-60 masentimita. Maluwa mu May.

Kukongola kwa munda wanu kudzakhala sedum, yomwe idzakondwere ndi maluwa ake pafupifupi chilimwe chonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito popangidwe

Wolemekezeka wotchuka amadziwika ndi kuwala kwake ndi kudzichepetsa kwa zikhalidwe, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi anthu okongoletsa malo. Zidzawoneka ngati zokongola m'munda wamaluwa, pabedi la maluwa, ndi pambali. Sedum bwino ikuthandizira chithunzichi ngati nyumba ya dziko, ndi nyumba ya mudzi.

Pali njira zotsatirazi zotsatsa stonecrop m'malo:

1. Munda wamaluwa Sedum ngati wokongola kwambiri idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa miyala. Zidzakuthandizira kwambiri ndege, mapiri a mapiri, komanso mapiri a alpine. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyala kudzakuthandizani kumvetsera mwakuya kodabwitsa kokongola kwa stonecrop.
2. Chingwe. Pazinthu izi, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu ya stonecrop ndi kukula kwakukulu. Chomerachi chingakhale chotchinga cholekanitsa zigawo zina za malo. Zidzakhala zokongola kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito maphunzilo apamwamba a sedum kuti zokongoletsa ziziwala ndi mitundu yowala.
3. Rockery Ikhoza kuikidwa m'munda waung'ono. Mitundu yosiyana ya zomera imabzalidwa m'zombo za miyala kapena mtengo. Pambuyo pake, zokongoletserazi zingathe kusunthidwa kuzungulira malowa kuti apange zolemba zabwino.
4. Chovala. Pa bedi la maluwa mungathe kupanga mapulaneti awiri komanso apamwamba. Popeza zomera izi zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi malo akunja, siziwopa ngakhale mdima woipa wa mizinda ikuluikulu.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muphunzire kupanga maluwa a miyala ndi miyala yamanja ndi manja anu, zomwe maluwa okongola amatha kukongoletsa malo ndi momwe azikongoletsera flowerbed mogwirizana.

Ndi bwino kuyika tchire la sedum mu gulu. Zomera zake zokha siziwoneka zochititsa chidwi ngati kulima gulu, makamaka ngati mutenga zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Malo ophwanya bedi ayenera kusankhidwa mokwanira. Komanso miyala yapamwamba imatha kukongoletsa gulu la mitundu ina ya zinyama.

Ndikofunikira! Musaike miyala ya stonecrop yomwe imawoneka m'madera ozizira komanso m'madera otsika komwe madzi amasonkhanitsa - izi zingachititse imfa ya mbewuyo.

Malo osayenera a sedum ndi osayenera pafupi ndi tchire lalikulu kapena zomera. Amatha kupereka mthunzi wambiri pa chomera, ndipo masamba omwe agwera pamitengo, adzasunga chinyezi pansi pa stonecrop. Zinthu zoterezi zingayambitse matenda opatsirana komanso maonekedwe a tizilombo.

Kukula pakhomo

Popeza Sedum ndi chomera chogonjera, osadzichepetsa komanso opirira ndi nyengo zakunja, n'zosavuta kukula kunyumba. Komabe, zothandiza kudziŵa za momwe zimakhalira, chisamaliro, zida zoberekera ndi njira zothana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda.

Zomwe amangidwa

Mphika wa stonecrop wotchuka umasankhidwa osati wozama kwambiri, koma m'malo mwake, chifukwa mizu yake imakula kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakula pamtunda.

Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho chimafuna madzi abwino mkati mwa mphika.

Maluwawa amasangalala kwambiri, choncho nyumbayo iyenera kusankha dzuwa lakumadzulo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ziyenera kumuthandiza ndi kuunikira kwina.

Sedum amayankha bwino kutenthetsa kutentha kuchokera ku masika mpaka m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuti chomera chikhale chokhazikika, m'pofunika kuchipatsa kutentha osati kuposa 7 ° C. Ngati kuli kotentha m'nyumbamo m'nyengo yozizira, kuunika kwina kudzafunika, mwinamwake stonecrop ikuwoneka ikupitirira kukula ndikudziwika bwino.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Nthaka imatengedwa ndi thanzi. Zokonzedwa bwino ku nthaka ya Sedum kwa zomera zokongoletsera, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta mu sitolo yapadera. Zingapangidwe palokha mwa kusakaniza magawo ofanana:

• mchenga;
• nthaka ya sod;
• munda wamunda.

Zokonzedweratu kuti mchenga wa sedum ndi owonjezera wa organic matter - humus. Gawo la kompositi liyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuonjezerapo, palibe chofunikira kupanga mchere wambiri. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuthandiza chomera pa nthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa musanayambe maluwa, mukhoza kudyetsa ndi nitrojeni feteleza. Zidzakhala zojambula m'mayiko

Ndikofunikira! Osadyetsa zomera ndi humus ndi feteleza - ma inflorescences adzakhala aakulu kwambiri, omwe angapangitse kuphulika, ndipo chitsamba chidzakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Dothi lachonde siloyenera kwa chomera ichi - muyenera kutsimikiza kuti alibe dongo. Ngati dziko liri lolemera dongo, ndikofunika kuti liziwononge ndi peat, mchenga, vermiculite kapena perlite. Acidity ya nthaka ndi asidi pang'ono kapena ndale.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Maluwa awa sasowa chinyezi champhamvu. Ngati chilimwe chili chakuda komanso nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri mumatha kutsuka mbewu ndi madzi. M'nyengo yotentha amamwe madzi okwanira 1 pa mwezi. Kuti muchite izi, chidebe cha 2-lita ndi duwa chidzafuna 100 g madzi ofunda otentha. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimayikidwa pamalo otseguka ndikupitiriza kuthiriririra mwachizolowezi.

Momwe zinthu zilili poyera, stonecrop imawoneka madzi nthawi yoyamba itatha pansi. Kenaka adzatha kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chofunika. Kuthirira kungakhale kofunikira kokha panthawi ya kusowa kwa mvula kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, pali sedum zosiyanasiyana "Morgana". Ngati munthu amadya masamba ake osachepera, amaopsezedwa ndi poyizoni, zomwe zidzatsatizana ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza ndi zizindikiro zina. Mitundu yoopsa imeneyi siigwiritsidwe ntchito zokongoletsera.

Kuswana

Sedum imafalikira mosavuta ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha njira yabwino kwa mwini wake ndikutsatira malangizo onse oyenera kubereka.

Mbewu Njira yobereka yobereka mbeu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa zomera. Izi zimakhala nthawi yambiri komanso nthawi yambiri. Komanso, kalasi ya sedum sichifalitsidwa panthawi yobereka ndi njira ya mbewu.

Kuti muwonjezere mbewu yowona stonecrop, muyenera kutsatira izi:

1. Bzalani mbewu mu chidebe kapena mphika ndi nthaka ya zakudya. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mu March. Pofuna kukonza kumera, chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi galasi.
2. Ikani mphika mu chipinda chozizira (pafupifupi +7 ° C). Izi zikhoza kukhala firiji, pansi, pogona, khonde.
3. Patangopita masiku ochepa maluwawo abweretsedwe kutentha ndikudikirira kuti mbeu ikumera.
4. Pamene masamba awiri enieni amawoneka pa chomera, nkofunikira kulimbula ndikubzala mbande mu makapu osiyana. Anakhalapo 1-3 zidutswa mu kapu imodzi.

Zamasamba

Pali mitundu yambiri ya kufalitsa kwa vegetum ya sedum:

• kugawanitsa chitsamba;
• kulumikiza;
• mphukira;
• mipangidwe ya mpweya;
• katemera.

Njira yogawira chitsamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera zazikulu - osachepera zaka 4. Zotsatira za zochita panthawi yobereka:

1. Dulani sedum kumbali zonse ndikuchotseratu mosamala.
2. Gawani zitsamba za shrub kotero kuti kukula ndi mizu ziwoneke mbali iliyonse.
3. Fukuta kudula ndi makala.
4. Sakanizani zomera kwa maola angapo, kenako mukhale pansi.

Ndikofunikira! Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba kumachitika masabata oyambirira a chilimwe, kotero kuti ikhoza kupeza mizu yabwino mwa kugwa.

Mothandizidwa ndi kumtumikizanitsa, stonecrop ikhoza kufalitsidwa mu miyezi yonse yotentha. Njira:

1. Mitengo yobiriwira imadulidwa ndi mitsuko yakuthwa m'madera otere a sedum, kumene sawononga maonekedwe.
2. Dulani zidutswa zam'madzi zomwe zimayikidwa m'madzi kapena kuwonjezerapo pang'ono m'nthaka yabwino. Mu masabata angapo, cuttings idzapereka mizu yawo.
3. Tsiku lililonse kuthirira prikopannyh cuttings, yang'anani nthaka chinyezi.

Ngati chomera chikuphuka, icho chimasungunuka ndi kuponyedwa pansi. Patatha mwezi umodzi kumalo olankhulana ndi maluwa ndi mizu ya pansi idzawonekera. Mitundu ina ya sedum imakhala ikuzungulira. Akafika kutalika kotero kuti akhoza kugwira pansi, zigawozo zidzakhazikika. N'zotheka kuika stonecrop kumapeto kapena nyengo youma. Pachifukwa ichi, katunduyo akugwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi kuphatikizidwa ndipo kapangidwe kameneka kamakhazikika kwa mwezi umodzi. Ngati zitatha izi zomera sizinakule pamodzi, mukhoza kuyesanso.

Sedum amadziwika kwambiri osati zokongoletsera zake zokha, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa mankhwala amtundu. Mitundu ina ya machiritso imakhalanso ndi stonecrop yofiirira ndi stonecrop yaikulu.

Kudulira

Kudulira kungakhale kukongoletsa. Kuti muchite izi, sungani zitsamba zakale, zotalika kapena zowonongeka. Kudulira kuyenera kumachitika mutakula. Mbewu ikafika zaka zisanu, muyenera kuigwirizanitsa pogawanika chitsamba. Ndikofunika kutero kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma n'zotheka ndi kugwa. Mphukira imakula mofulumira ku Sedum, choncho ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kukula kwake mu nthawi, kudula mphukira zatsopano. Komanso, vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa ndi malo a prikopat kuzungulira chomeracho, kuika matabwa, tile kapena miyala.

Zima

Pokonzekera miyala yamtengo wapatali yotchedwa stonecrop yofunika kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa. Ngakhale kuti ndi yosagonjetsa chisanu, mphukira zake zobiriwira zimafa. Mizu ndi kukula komweko komwe kumakhala pamtunda kudzapulumuka pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira. Zingakhale zomveka kutchera nthambi zonse zobiriwira za maluwa, ndipo mosamala muphimbe mfundo za kukula ndi masamba opal.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuvulaza pang'ono, kudulira kumagwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yakuthwa, yomwe imadula nthambi pamtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera pansi.

Zingakhale zovuta kukula

Vuto la kukula kwa Sedum kwenikweni silinayang'ane, chifukwa chomera ichi ndi cholimba, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchotsa icho. Maluwa akhoza kufa kokha ngati mizu yake ikuyamba kuvunda, ndipo izi zimafunika kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, ngati mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi stonecrop yotchuka imakhala yosasunthika, mbewuyo idzaukitsidwa.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Sedum ndi yotetezeka kwambiri kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Komabe, ngati madzi okwanira kapena owonjezera pa feteleza, akhoza kudwala kapena kukhala ndi tizirombo.

Chomeracho chingakhoze kuwonetsedwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda ngati awa:

• ziphuphu zasaflies enieni;
• powdery mildew;
• aphid;
• kangaude;
• masamba obiriwira;
• May Khrushchev;
• bowa.

Nsabwe za m'masamba pa zomera. Mukhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Tanrek"). Stonecrop ithandiza kupulumutsa Actellic kuchokera m'mabuku. Ngati masamba ndi zimayambira zazitsamba zimakhala ndi mabala a bulauni, zikutanthauza kuti bowa linawoneka lomwe lingathe kuwonongedwa kokha powononga chomera pamoto.Pofuna kuteteza Mayan Khrushchev kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April, korona, thunthu, ndi khola la stonecrop zimatulutsidwa kwambiri ndi njira yapadera, monga Prestige ndi Antichrush, ndi kubwereza njirayi masiku onse 40 mpaka 50 pa nyengo yokula. Kuteteza maluwa kuchokera ku matenda ndi bowa, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito - "Skor", "Maxim", "Sinthani", "Horus". Monga njira yoteteza, m'chaka ndi chilimwe Sedum imatulutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - "Aktara", "Match", "Angio".

Ndikofunikira! Pamene zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekera pa imodzi mwa zomera za bedi la maluwa, ndizowonjezereka ndipo zimapindula kwambiri kuchotsa izo kusiyana ndi kuchiza. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa zitsamba zina kuti zisadwale

Kuwonetsa kutchuka - kudzichepetsa komanso kokongola kwambiri. Mitundu yowala ya masamba ake idzakuthandizira kupanga malo apadera a nyundo kumbali ya nyumba ya dziko kapena pawindo la nyumba. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, Sedum idzakondweretsa maso kwa zaka zambiri.

Video: Kulima kotchuka