Mbatata, ngati mkate wachiwiri, uyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zamtundu wapatali, zokoma kwambiri ndi zonunkhira. Izi ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wosakanizidwa wa tubers, omwe kutchuka kwawo kukuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse - mbatata ya Riviera. Mmene mungamere mbatata zosiyanasiyana ndi momwe mungasamalirire - izi zidzakambidwa m'nkhani yathu.
Mbiri yopondereza
"Mtsinje" umatanthawuza mitundu yambiri yazing'ono, yomwe inalembedwa mu 2007. Zamasamba zimachokera Hollandkumene adalumikizidwa ndi malo akuluakulu okhala ndi Agrico, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi kulima mbatata zosiyanasiyana.
Pakalipano, mbeu ya tuber imabweretsedwa ku State Register of Zosiyanasiyana Ukraine, Russia, kumene kulimbikitsa kulima pakatikati zigawo za boma. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulekerera kwa chilala, mbewu zimapereka bwino kwambiri kukolola kumwera madera.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mitundu "Mitsinje" imatanthawuza mitundu yopambanaNdizo chifukwa cha izi kuti mwamsanga anayamba kukondana ndi wamaluwa m'mayiko ambiri.
Kukula koyamba kumakhala ndi "Rozara", "Gala", "Luck", "Queen Anna", "Bellaroza", "Veneta", "Zhukovsky Early", "Uladar", "Timo Hankian", "Impala", "Red Mphungu. "
Tubers
Mitengo ya "Mitsinje" ngakhale, mazira ozungulira kapena ovundala omwe ali ndi khungu lofiirira la khungu lakuda, limene maso ake alipo. Mapira a masamba ndiwo mvula, kuchokera ku chikasu choyera mpaka mthunzi wa kirimu. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mungathe kupeza 10-14 tubers, ndi kulemera kulemera kwa 100 g mpaka 170 g. 
Tuber kukoma kokwanira, pa msinkhu wa 5-point, akatswiri amawona izo 4,8. Pamene mbatata yophika imakhala yophika bwino, "yosagwirana palimodzi", yopangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mbatata yosenda. Mu zikuchokera tubers muli 12-19.6% wowuma. Malinga ndi katundu wa "Riviera", akatswiri awo amayerekezera kuyambira 80% mpaka 95%. Zosungirako zosungirako zilipamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimakhala 92-94%. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatsozo zimatsutsa kwambiri makina owonongeka, kulekerera kayendedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa chakuti mbatata imayamba kuphuka molawirira kwambiri, timachubu zimapangidwira nyengo isanayambe. Kuwonjezera apo, mizu yotukuka bwino imakulolani kuti mupeze madzi okwanira, ngakhale kuchokera ku kuya kwakukulu.
Mitengo
Mitengo ya mbatata yowonongeka, mmalo mwake, yayitali, imangokhala, ili ya mtundu wamkati. Panthawi ya kukula, maluwa a red-violet amamera pammera. Pachitali chautali kwambiri, omwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 90, masamba akuluakulu a wavy a mdima wobiriwira alipo. "Mtsinje" umadziwikanso ndi mizu yamphamvu, yamphamvu, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira zomera zimatha kutulutsa madzi mozama kwambiri. 
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Sverkhranny kalasi ya mbatata "Mtsinje" sizowona za kukula ndi mosavuta kulekerera zofooka zina mu chisamaliro.
Matenda oteteza matenda
Imodzi mwa zovuta za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zake kusakanikirana ndi vuto lochedwa - Matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza tubers ndi tsinde. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, mbeu 10 peresenti ya mbeu ya mbatata imakhudzidwa ndi vuto lochedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kapena kuchiza, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka 50%. Mavuto abwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matendawa amadziwika kuti ndi otentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 90%) ndi kutentha kwa mpweya (kuposa 15 ° С).
Phunzirani momwe mungapewere ndi kuthana ndi mochedwa choipitsa mbatata.
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mdima komanso mawanga ofiira pa masamba ndi tsinde. Pamphepete mwa masamba, zimapangidwira zofiira zoyera, zomwe zimangoyendetsedwa mosavuta ndi madzi kapena mphepo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zotsutsana ndi matendawa. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa vuto lakumapeto kuli mu kukula kwake kwa kufalitsa. Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito fungicides. Monga njira yowonetsera musanayambe kukolola, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tisowe pamwamba ndi kuwotchera. 
Nthenda yaikulu ya mbatata inali ndipo imakhalabe ya Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, kamene kamadyetsa masamba a chomera. Chiberekero chikuchulukira mofulumira ndipo chimagwira ntchito kwambiri panthawi ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Ngati tizilombo tawononga 70-80% za pamwamba, zokolola zidzagwa pafupifupi theka. Kuwononga kachilomboka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera phulusa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Werengani komanso zotsutsana ndi njira ya mbatata ya Colorado mbatata (mpiru ndi vinyo wosasa).
Powonjezera chinyezi, kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi tsinde la mbatata kungakhoze kuwonetsedwa mu madontho aang'ono ofiira-bulauni. Ichi ndi chizindikiro macroporiosis, kapena zowuma. Pofuna kulimbana ndi munthu, munthu sayenera kulola kuti madzi asapitirire kuzungulira tchire. Pokonzekera kuchiza chomera, Fitosporin-M ili ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Ngati chomeracho chidzadzala ndi pinki ndikuyamba kufota, zikhoza kukhala zowuma fusarium zowola. Ma tubers ali ndi maonekedwe abwino, koma pokonza yosungirako amakhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka pang'ono, amauma, ndipo mkati mwawo muli voids. Pofuna kuteteza kuoneka kwa zowola, m'pofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana za mbatata ndikuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi matenda kusiyana ndi mitundu ina, chifukwa zimakhala ndi nthawi yopereka zipatso zisanafike matenda ndi tizirombo. 
Precocity
"Mtsinje" - oyambirira, zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira, zipatso zomwe zimayamba kusonkhanitsa masiku 45-65, malingana ndi dera la kukula.
Mbewu za tuber zagulidwa kale pa tsiku la 40 mutatha kufesa.
Ndikofunikira! Palibe chifukwa chosiya mbewu za tuber pansi kwa masiku opitirira 50-60, chifukwa chiwopsezo cha matenda awo pochedwa kupweteka kumawonjezeka.
Pereka
Mbatata ndi yosiyana zokolola zazikulu. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mukhoza kupeza 10-14 zazikulu zazikulu tubers, masekeli 100-170 g. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, pafupifupi matani 45 a mbatata akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku hekita imodzi.
Video: zokolola za mbatata "Mtsinje"
Kunyada
Nkhokwe yosungirako, ndiyo, kuthekera kusunga, za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu, makamaka ngati mbewu inakololedwa kumapeto. Phindu la kusunga liri pafupifupi 93%, zomwe si zachilendo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba oyambirira, yomwe imasungidwa mpaka December.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za phindu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata.
Malo okula
Odziwika kwambiri kalasi "Riviera" amasangalala m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus. Zamasamba zitha kusonyeza momwe zimagwirira ntchito m'madera okhala ndi nyengo zolimbitsa thupi. Kumtunda kwa kumpoto, masamba sakuwonetsa kubwerera kwake, komabe pakukonzekera luso lamakono laulimi, likhoza kupereka zokolola zabwino kwambiri.
Malamulo obwera
Mbatata "Mtsinje" umasangalala kumalo otseguka dzuwa, amasankha dothi labwino, lotayirira.
Nthawi yabwino
Nthaŵi yoyenera yobzala mbatata idzadalira dera ndi nyengo, kumene zidzakula. Tizilombo timene tifunikira kubzala m'munda. Monga lamulo, dothi limawomba pamene mitengo yoyamba ikuwonekera pa mitengo ya birch. Nthawiyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yopambana kwambiri yobzala. 
M'madera osiyanasiyana, nthawi yofika ndi yosiyana: mu April, pokhapokha nthaka ikuwotha bwino, kapena mu May. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tifulumire, monga momwe mbatata sizingamere, ngati dothi silitenthe pang'ono 6-10 masentimita.
Kusankha malo
Pa zokolola za malo osiyanasiyana ofunikira kwambiri. Pakuti "Mtsinje" ndi bwino kusankha wathyathyathya, wonyezimira, wotetezedwa ku chimphepo chozizira. Ngati pali mthunzi wamba, tubers zidzakula, koma sizidzakhala kukula kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Mbatata siingakhoze kubzalidwa kudera limene zomera zidakakula kale zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo: tomato, strawberries, biringanya. Otsitsimula opindula kwambiri ndiwo nyemba, kabichi, tirigu, dzungu.
Ndibwino kuti mupange mbatata pamalo omwewo ndi kupuma kwa zaka 3-4. Monga tanenera poyamba, kufesa kumachitika mu April kapena May, koma pokhapokha ngati nthaka yayamba kutentha 7 ° С. Komabe, zizindikiro zowonongeka kwambiri za nthaka ndi 10 ° C ndi apamwamba.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Kukonzekera dothi kuyenera kuyamba mu kugwa. Pachifukwachi, nthaka imakumbidwa bwino ndipo feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 5-7 makilogalamu a humus, 40 g wa potaziyamu ndi 50-60 g wa superphosphate. Ngati nthaka ili ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera 0,5 makilogalamu a laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake kwa dothi panyumba, muyenera kuponyera chidutswa cha pansi patebulo la vinyo 9%. Ngati palibe njira yotsatirayi, ndiye kuti acidity ya nthaka ikuwonjezeka. Ngati mtundu wa viniga wasintha, ndi thovu zimawonekera pamwamba - acidity salowerera.
Posakhalitsa musanadzalemo mbatata, mu kasupe, nthaka imamera ndi organic ndi mchere zinthu. Monga kuvala pamwamba mungagwiritsire ntchito chisakanizo cha humus kapena kompositi (ndowa ziwiri) ndi phulusa (0.5 l).
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Kukonzekera zakuthupi kubzala kumayamba masiku 40 asanafesedwe, ndipo anachitidwa m'magulu angapo:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito tubers njira "Fitosporina-M". Thirani mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2 kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, madzi okwanira 1 litengere 4 tbsp. tcheru;
- perekani mbatata kuti ziume ndikupita ku chipinda chamdima, chakuda ndi kutentha kwa 12-15 ° C kwa masiku khumi;
- tumizani tubers ku chipinda chozizira ndi chowala, kutentha kumene kulibefupi kuposa 15 ° C. Kamodzi pa sabata, mbewu zimaperedwa ndi madzi oyera ndi kusinthidwa. Panthawiyi, mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kupanga pa tubers;
- Posakhalitsa mphindi makumi atatu musanadzalemo mbatata, imayikidwa mu yankho la Fitosporin-M ndi Boroguma-M. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyi: 300ml ya Fitosporin ndi 100 ml ya Borogum yawonjezeredwa ku malita asanu a madzi oyera. Njira zoterezi zimateteza tizilombo ku matenda osiyanasiyana, kulimbikitsa chitetezo chawo.
The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kulemera kwa kubzala tubers ndi 65-75 g.
Ndondomeko ndi kuya kwake
Monga lamulo, "Mitsinje" amatenga mbatata molingana ndi masentimita 65 x 35 masentimita, ndi kukula kwa masentimita 10 pansi, ndiko kuti mbeu zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 35, pakati pa mizere. kapena nsomba.
Kubzala mbatata kungathe kuchitika m'njira zingapo:
- Classic. Mazenera amapanga maenje, pafupifupi masentimita 10, momwe chimapangidwira. Ngati feteleza sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira kugwa, zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku mabowo obisika, koma kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 masentimita.
- Chingwe. Njira yobzalayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kumadera akummwera kumene nyengo yotentha ndi youma imayambira. Icho chiri bungwe molingana ndi ndondomeko iyi:
- kukumba ngalande, kuya kwa 20-30 cm;
- pansi pamakhala ndi udzu kapena udzu wofesedwa;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimamera kutalika kwa ngalande, pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita pakati pawo;
- dzenje limaphimbidwa ndi dothi, lopangidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kutsika kwa ngalande kumadalira nthaka chinyezi ndi nyengo. Kutentha kwa nthaka ndi nyengo, zakuya ziyenera kukhala fossa.
Momwe mungasamalire
"Mtsinje" umatanthawuza kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata, koma nthawi yoyenera kuisamalira bwino idzawonjezera zokolola.
Kuthirira
Mbatata amakonda nthaka yonyowa, makamaka pa mapangidwe a tubers. Choncho, ngati kulibe mvula nthawi zonse, nkofunika kuti chomera chikonzekeretsa kuthirira. Gulu lirilonse lidzafuna 2-3 malita a madzi ozizira. Kusunga chinyezi nthawi yaitali, mutatha kuthirira mbewu spud.
Ndi mphepo yokwanira, mbatata sasowa chinyezi china. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Pamene mbande zoyamba zikuwonekera, chomeracho chimadyetsedwa. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu iwiri ya kuvala: madzi ndi owuma. Manyowa amadzimadzi amathiridwa pa masamba, owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula.
Kupaka mineral kuyenera kupangidwa ngati zomera zikukula:
- kumayambiriro kwa kukula (pamaso hilling): 50 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi sitimadzipereka ndi 10 malita a madzi ndi 0,5 tsp anawonjezera. mkuwa sulphate;
- pamene mapepala 4 amapangidwa pazitsamba: Kudyetsa nkhuku kumapangidwe pa masamba ndi njira iyi - 2 g ya "HUMAT +7" kuchepetsa madzi okwanira 10 malita (3 malita a ndalama amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita lalikulu mamita);
- kumapeto kwa maluwa: zofanana zowonjezereka zimapangidwa - 100 g ya superphosphate imasakaniza 10 malita a madzi (kumwa: 1 l pa 1 mita imodzi).
Ndikofunikira! Kuchulukitsa kwa nayitrogeni feteleza kungapangitse kukula kwakukulu kwa masamba ndi kukumba mu kukula kwa tubers. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala owonjezera akhoza kuwononga kukoma kwa tubers.
Monga ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito:
- Nsomba za mbalame zimadulidwa ndi madzi pa chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Amayambika mu mizere pakati pa mizere;
- Mullein amadzipukutira ndi madzi 1:10. Pangani malita ofanana;
- Mankhwala a zitsamba: nettle (mapesi ndi nsonga) amafufuzidwa m'madzi, osasankhidwa, zomwe zimayambira zimapatsidwa mbatata, masiku khumi ndi awiri.
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Njira yovomerezeka ya kukula mbatata imalira ndi kumasula nthaka. Zochitika zoterezi zidzathandiza tubers kuti mupindule ndi mpweya wabwino, pitirizani kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'nthaka. Kuwonjezera apo, kumasula kumakuthandizani kuti muteteze mizu ku matenda osiyanasiyana, kuteteza "kutuluka" kwa mizu.
Kuchotsa namsongole kumachitika nthaka isanayambe kumasula, komanso nthawi yomweyo mvula itatha. Ngati sitili namsongole, ndiye namsongole, akugwetsa nthaka yonyowa mutatha kumasulidwa, ayamba kukula ndi mphamvu yatsopano.
Hilling
Kawirikawiri, mizu imakula kumbali ndi kumtunda, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mizu yambiri ikhale pamwamba. Izi zimachepetsa zokolola za mbeu, choncho, tenga nthaka. Njira yoyamba ikuchitika pamene kutalika kwa tsinde kufika pa 15-20 masentimita. Kenaka nthaka yozungulira chitsamba imatha milungu itatu iliyonse.
Komabe, pamene hilling, onetsetsani malamulo angapo ofunikira:
- spud chitsamba chiyenera kukhala m'mawa kapena madzulo. Ngati mukuchita masana, kutentha, tubers "ikhoza kuphika" pansi;
- spud chomera nthawi zonse ziyenera kukhala zitatha mvula kapena kuthirira.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Pakukula mbatata musaiwale zazirombo. Pofuna kuteteza chomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, amachizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera. Pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe Chilomboka cha mbatata cha Colorado, nsongazo zimaphatikizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa (2 malita a phulusa amaumirira 10 malita a madzi). Zochitika zoterezi zimachitika katatu pa nyengo, ndipo mankhwala oyamba amachitika pamene tsinde lifika kutalika kwa 10-15 cm.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado, mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito: Kutchuka, Tabu, Regent, Confidor, Tanrek, Kuyamba, Komandor, Lightning.
Pofuna kupeŵa kugonjetsedwa kuchepa kwachedwa, nsonga za mbatata zimakonzedwa kangapo malinga ndi izi:
- pamene tsinde lifika kutalika kwa 25-30 masentimita, chitsamba chimatulutsidwa ndi yankho la Fitosporin-M;
- maluwa asanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito "Eksiol" kapena "Appin";
- Patangotha masabata angapo mutatha maluwa, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fungicides, monga Epha, mkuwa oxychloride;
- Pa kucha kwa tubers, mbatata amatetezedwa ndi "Alufit".
Kukonzekera chitsamba kumasankha tsiku lamadzulo. Ngati atapopera mankhwala, ndiye kuti ndondomeko iyenera kubwerezedwa.
Mukudziwa? Aliyense amadziwa kuti ngati mutaya mafuta a ayodini pa mbatata yanu, idzakhala ya buluu. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yomwe poyamba imakhala ndi buluu, osati khungu kokha, komanso zamkati. Imodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ndi 'Linzer Blaue'.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mbatata yokolola "Mtsinje" umayamba masiku 50-60, patapita masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri mutabzala. Pofuna kudziwa "kukonzekera" kwa mbeu za tuber, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze chitsamba chimodzi mosamala ndikuyang'ana pansi kuzungulira tubers - ngati yathyoka, ndi nthawi yokolola.
Kukumba mbatata kumafunika kukhala pa dzuwa. Zingakhale bwino masiku angapo musanayambe kukolola mbewu za tuber kuti mutchetse pamwamba ndi kuchotsa pa tsamba. Izi zidzathandiza mbatata kuphuka, kuima, komanso kumuchenjeza za matenda omwe angadutse kuchokera pamwamba kupita ku tubers.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe ziriri ndi njira zosungiramo mbatata (m'nyumba).
Mitundu ya tubers imakumbidwa ndipo imafalikira pansi kuti iume pang'ono. Kenaka zipatsozo zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikupita kumalo okhetsedwa kapena pansi pa okhetsedwa kwa milungu iwiri. Panthawi imeneyi, matenda onse omwe amawoneka amafunika kuwonekera: choipitsa mochedwa, nkhanambo, ndi zina zotero. Mbatata zimayambitsidwa, zipatso zovunda ndi zoonongeka zimakololedwa, ndipo zamoyo zowonjezera zimaphatidwa ndi njira yotsutsa "Anti-rot". 
Sungani mbatata muzowuma, bwino podutsa mpweya, pamalo ozizira, kutentha komwe sikukwera pamwamba + 7 ° C, ndi chinyezi - osati kuposa 85-90%.Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, tubers lidzayamba kumera, ndipo pamunsi kutentha, iwo adzataya kukoma kwawo. Ndikoyenera kupenta m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yomwe tubers idzasungidwe ndi laimu kuti tizilombo toyambitsa chipinda ndikugona pansi ndi kulavulira.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Alimi ambiri amavomereza kuti mbatata "Mitsinje", poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ili Zopindulitsa zambiri zomwe zimatheka kusiyanitsa:
- kale kusasitsa kwa tubers ndi mwayi wokolola awiri mu nyengo imodzi;
- zokolola zazikulu, ngakhale nthawi youma;
- Kutalika kwalitali, tubers limakula pamwamba pa 93%;
- bwino transportability;
- chabwino kukoma kwa mbatata;
- mawonekedwe okongola a chipatso;
- zabwino matenda kukana.
Zokhudzana ndi zofooka, zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
- kufunika kochiza chithandizo cha kuchepa kwachedwa ndi nkhanambo;
- Kulephera kupeza mbewu zawo kuchokera ku zipatso;
- mtengo wapatali wodzala zakuthupi.
Video: Madzi a mbatata osiyanasiyana
Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "Mtsinje" amakonda kwambiri alimi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, komabe zimakhala zosavuta kulima ndipo zimatha kukula bwino mu chilala. Mbatata imakhala ndi lokoma pang'ono, fungo losangalatsa, siliphika lofewa, limakulolani kuti muphike mbatata yabwino kwambiri.
