Nkhuku zazing'ono zazing'ono: Kufotokozera mtundu, kusunga ndi kuswana

Ambiri mwa anthu okhala m'midzi ndi midzi alibe zinyama komanso nkhuku. Sizingatheke kuti pakhale famu yaikulu ya nkhuku, pakadali pano muyenera kumvetsera mtundu wa nkhuku. Kuweta ndi kusunga mbalame zoterozo ndi zophweka komanso zopindulitsa pazochitika zachuma. Komanso, mbalame yotereyi ndi yabwino kwambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe.

Chiyambi

Ng'ombe za nyama zazing'ono zinamera chifukwa cha kusaka kafukufuku komwe kunachitika ndi Zagorsk Poultry Institute, yomwe ili mumzinda wa Sergiev Posad, m'dera la Moscow. Pakubereka mtunduwu, Plymutrock, Leghorn, Rhode Island ankagwira ntchito ngati makolo.

Nthaŵi yomweyo mtunduwu unapeza otsatira ake pakati pa alimi a nkhuku omwe kale anali USSR, ndipo pasanapite nthawi anayamba kutchuka ku Ulaya. M'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, mtunduwu watchuka kwambiri moti walowa m'malo mwa nkhuku zamtunduwu, mwambo wa mayiko awa. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha makhalidwe monga kudya bwino ndi dzira.

Mukudziwa? Kuti dzira likhale mu thupi la nkhuku, pamafunika maola 24.

Video: kuyang'anitsitsa nkhuku zazing'ono za nyama

Chibadwa cha mtundu

Alimi a nkhuku, akatswiri onse ndi akatswiri, amatsimikizira kale kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi mitundu ya nyama yazing'ono poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika. Nkhuku imodzi imakhuta pafupifupi 125 g chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi oyimira bwino a dzira, nyama, dzira la nyama, mikangano ndi kukongoletsa.

Mbalame zimaoneka ngati nkhuku zambiri, komabe miyendo yawo yaying'ono, poyerekeza ndi nkhuku zachikhalidwe, ikuwombera. Iwo ali ndi dzira lapamwamba, nyama yawo ili ndi kukoma kokoma. Thupi limakhala lopangidwira, mphutsi imamveka bwino ndi thupi, scallop ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba.

Nkhuku zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtundu wa nyama, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri P-11 ndi B-33.

P-11

Ziwombankhanga za Rhode Islands (P-11) zimakhala ndizing'ono zofanana, zimakhala za mtundu wonse, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mazira abwino komanso nyama yabwino kwambiri.

Mitundu imeneyi ya nkhuku monga Ushanka Chiyukireniya, Siberia Pedicar, Polish Greenback, mtundu wa Orlovskaya umasiyana ndi mazira abwino.

Zina mwa ubwino ndi izi:

• kugwirizana. Mitunduyi inalumikizidwa kuti ikhale yosamalidwa bwino, njira yabwino kwambiri ya nkhuku yaying'ono;
• kuyamba kuyamba kuthamanga. Nkhuku zimabweretsa mazira oyambirira ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;
• kukhala wodekha. Nkhuku zimakhala zogwira ntchito, sizimayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Amakonda kukumba pansi, kufunafuna chakudya cha nkhuku, mphuno sizikhala phokoso, samakonda kulimbana. Nkhuku siyimayang'ana kampani ya munthu, koma sachita mantha;
• kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Podyetsa bwino ndi kusamalira bwino, anapiye ndi akuluakulu amakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri;
• mazira apamwamba. Malingana ndi kudya, amatha kupanga mazira 200 pachaka.

Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritse ntchito kutentha nkhuku nkhuku yokonza nkhuku zazing'ono. Zojambulajambula, dampness ndi kuzizira ndizo zikuluzikulu za nkhuku zazing'ono.

B-33

Leghorny (B-33) yachitsulo imakhala ndi mutu waung'ono, chisa cha nkhono chili pamtunda, nkhuku zimatsikira kumbali. Thupi liri lopangidwa ndi mphete, nthenga za mtundu woyera zimagwirizana mwamphamvu thupi.

Mitundu ya Brahma, chimphona chachikulu cha Jersey, Kochinquin, Cornish, Orpington, komanso mitanda ya Hubbard, imvi yoyera, ndi nkhuku ya nkhuku imadziwika ndi kuchulukitsa kwa nyama.

Zinthu zoterezi ndizolembedwa m'zinthu zamkati:

• Okhazikika, makoko sakonda kukamenyana, nkhuku sizimafuna kukumba pansi;
• Makoko amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana;
• sasowa nyumba yaikulu ndi malo oyendamo, zimagwirizana kwambiri kawirikawiri;
• idyani pafupifupi 1/3 osachepera achibale awo akuluakulu.

Kukonzekera

Nkhuku zinyama zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• kulemera: nkhuku - 2.7 kg, tambala - 3 kg;
• kupanga mazira - mpaka zidutswa 170 pachaka;
• dzira lolemera - 57-60 g;
• chiopsezo cha nkhuku - zoposa 97%, mosamalitsa angathe kufika 99%;
• zida - pafupifupi 84%;
• Kukula kwa mbalame kwakukulu ndiposa 90%.

Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zoyamba zapakhomo zinawonekera m'madera a Ethiopia masiku ano kumapeto kwa zaka za I ndi 2 BC.

Video: kusiyana pakati pa fawn ndi yoyera nkhuku mini-nyama

Zosangalatsa zamkati

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito nkhuku zazing'ono, muzitsatira malamulo awa:

1. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera nkhuku yotentha. Muyenera kutentha makoma ndi pansi.
2. Nyenyezi iyenera kuperekedwanso kufunika kwa ukhondo. Nyumba yoyenera mbalame ndi yofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo komanso mbalame zabwino. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya tisakhale vuto kwa inu ndi ziweto zanu, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muziyeretsa nkhuku.
3. Kawiri pachaka m'pofunika kukonza chipinda chonse pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha, potassium permanganate ndi sopo.
4. Samalani malo abwino. Iyenera kukhala yotentha ndi kuchotsa chinyezi chowonjezera. Chiwombankhanga kapena udzu chidzachita.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungamangire nkhuku za nkhuku, momwe mungapangire nkhuku kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha, momwe mungamangire ndi kukonza nkhuku nkhuku, momwe mungapangire kutentha, kutentha mpweya ndi kuyatsa, komanso momwe mungapangire chisa, chisa, kumwa mowa komanso nkhuku zowonjezera.

Mphamvu

Chakudya chiyenera kukhala choyenera, kuphatikizapo zigawo zonse zofunika: mafuta, chakudya ndi mapuloteni. Chakudya cholakwika chikuwonekera mu kupanga mazira.

1. Nkhuku zinkakonda kugula nyama, chakudya chodyetsedwa bwino ndi kuwonjezera mbewu, zitsamba ndi mchere.

   Werengani zambiri za momwe mungakonzekere nkhuku ndi nkhuku zazikulu ndi manja anu.

2. Zigawo zimafunikira mapuloteni a masamba (mbewu za mpendadzuwa, nandolo).
3. Kuti chizoloŵezi chogwira ntchito cha kapangidwe ka chakudya chiyenera kutsanuliridwa m'matumbo.
4. Pamene mukudyetsa, tsatirani mfundoyi: ndi bwino kuti musadye mbalame kusiyana ndi kudya. Nkhuku zowonongeka zimathamanga kwambiri.
5. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti musamawononge tirigu. Zakudya zapansi "simenti" timapepala ta m'mimba, ndizowonongeka kwambiri. Madzulo, mbewu zonse zambewu zimayenera.
6. Chaka chonse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezera dzira.
7. Mu nyumba ya nkhuku muyenera kukhazikitsa odyetsa ndipo nthawi zonse mumayang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwa madzi oyera.
8. Mbalame ziyenera kukhala mumlengalenga. Nkhuku, kukumba pansi, kufufuza tizilombo, mphutsi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimafunikira.

Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamakampani. Kukolola kwakukulu kwa opanga zazikulu ndi mitengo yawo yokwera mtengo (mazira onse ndi nyama ya nkhuku) akufotokozedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoterezi. Tiyenera kuyesa kukwaniritsa kufanana kwa chakudya chokonzekera kunyumba ndi chakudya chopangidwa ndi fakitale.

Ndikofunikira! Chakudya chakuda chodyetsa nkhuku zing'onozing'ono sizingakhale zopitirira 2/3 pa zakudya zonse, zomwe zidakalipo.

Chakudya chodzikongoletsera nkhuku chiyenera kukhala ndi mitundu itatu:

• Mchere: Chisakanizo chochokera ku mbatata (peel), ndi masamba, mizu ndi masamba;
• youma: tirigu ndi kuwonjezera mchenga ndi choko;
• Zosakaniza: kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri yoyamba ya chakudya.

Phunzirani momwe mungaperekere nkhuku, nyama ndi fupa, komanso momwe mungamerekere nkhuku nkhuku.

Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsa ntchito kudya wouma. Pokukonzekera kwake sikungotenge nthawi yochuluka, chakudya choterocho chimasungidwa bwino. Chinsinsi chophweka chokonzekera chakudya: Sakanizani mofanana mbali ya barele, oats, chimanga ndi mapira. Yonjezerani choko.

Kukonzekera zakudya zamadzi ozizira ziyenera kukonzekera:

• mbatata;
• mphukira;
• beets;
• kabichi;
• zukini ndi nkhaka.

Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa zilembo zamakono komanso zodziwika bwino, yankho losadziwika lomwe silinapezekepo: yomwe ndi dzira lalikulu kapena nkhuku. Potsutsana ndi vutoli, Aristotle anaganiza mu 384 BC. er

Sungani zitsulo zonse ndi chopper. Pangani magawo ang'onoang'ono, osapitirira masiku awiri kusunga saladi ngati sangathe. Komanso, musaike kwambiri chakudya chakuda, chingayambitse matenda a m'mimba. Chakudya chozizira chiyenera kuwonjezeka mu gawo la mavitamini ndi mchere.

Video: Kudyetsa nkhuku zazikulu Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe okonzeka kupanga fakitale, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera zigawo zomwe zimapereka chilimwe m'nyengo yozizira:

1. Konzani mbatata ndi mavwende, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Zosakanizidwa mu zosakaniza kapena mwa mawonekedwe odulidwa.
2. Konzani udzu kuyambira chilimwe. Ayenera kutsogolera pansi pa nkhuku nkhuni nthawi. Mbalame zimakonda kuyendamo.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali, imathandizira kuti chimbudzi chikhale chodziwika bwino.

Makamaka ayenera kulipira kudyetsa nkhuku. Amafunika kudya moyenera kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo. Kudyetsa kosawononga kungapangitse kusintha kwa zala kumapiri pambuyo pa sabata yoyamba ya moyo.

Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge momwe mungakhalire ndi nkhuku zodyera bwino, zomwe mungapereke kwa nkhuku, momwe mungatenge nkhuku zakubadwa, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kugonana kwa mwana wa nkhuku.

Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti panthawi yosankha jini yamtundu wanzeru, ntchito yomwe imafuna kudya moyenera kuyambira ali wamng'ono.

Malamulo ena odyetsa ana aang'ono:

1. Perekani nkhuku za mkaka ndi masamba.
2. Pambuyo pa mwezi woyamba wa moyo, alowetsani chakudya ndi mafupa m'kati mwa zakudya.
3. Pambuyo pa nkhuku ikafika miyezi isanu, muyenera kuyamba kudyetsa chakudya cha mbalame zazikulu.

Kuswana

Mitundu ya nyama yaing'ono ndi yabwino kubzala m'minda yayikulu, komanso nyumba za nkhuku, mwachitsanzo, m'dziko. Mbalamezi zimasinthidwa kuti zikhalepo mu maselo. Zomwe zimachitika padziko lonse ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka zazing'ono zakulima nkhuku.

Ndizosavuta kuti mbalame ikhale ndi mazira abwino kwambiri, komanso kuti ikhale ndi zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba kusiyana ndi kubzala mitundu ingapo yosiyana siyana: imodzi ya mazira, ina ya nyama. Pa nthawi yomweyi pali zosokoneza za mtumiki: mbalame ya chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe imafuna kusamalidwa kosiyana. Dyetsani mbalamezi zikufunikanso kuti zikhale zosiyana, monga mtundu wa mtundu wa dzira suyenera kugwiritsira ntchito zakudya za broiler.

Mwina chofunika kwambiri pakubeletsa nkhuku zotero ndizozidzidzimutsa. Nkhuku zowonongeka zimasungidwa pa +36 ° C ndipo pamwambapa kwa nthawi yoyamba, pang'onopang'ono zimatsika ngati nkhuku zikukula. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha zenizeni za ma genetic, chiyero cha mtunduwo chiyenera kulemekezedwa.

Odyetsa samalimbikitsa kuyambitsa "magazi atsopano" mu mtunduwu, izi zimayambitsa kuwonetsa kwa zizindikiro za nkhuku zazikulu ndi kuwonetsera kwa makhalidwe oipa (mtunduwo umakhala wosasunthika, suli bwino, mazira amakhala ochepa, ndipo mbalame zomwe zimapweteka).

Video: zolakwika pakulima nkhuku zazing'ono

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Mawu ochepa okhudzana ndi nkhuku zazing'ono:

• nkhuku zazikulu zimakula mofulumira ndikulemera;
• Angasungidwe mu malo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo m'maselo;
• nyama ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri;
• kuphweka kudya;
• kudya kochepa;
• kusamvetsetsa mu zomwe zili;
• tenga mazira akuluakulu;
• kupanga mazira oyambirira;
• munthu wabwino, amapezeka bwino ndi mbalame ndi nyama iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku zazing'ono zimafuna kudya zakudya zoyenera kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo, mwinamwake zingakhale zovuta ndi miyendo.

Kuti mupeze ndemanga yowonjezera ya mtundu uwu, muyeneranso kunena mawu ochepa ponena za zolakwikazo:

• kukonda kutentha ndi kusalekerera drafts;
• kufuna kwambiri ukhondo;
• Chifukwa cha miyendo yochepa pamene akuyenda m'nyengo yamvula amadetsa mimba, choncho ndi bwino kuyenda mbalame zikawuma kunja;
• Ndikofunika kwambiri kusakaniza ndi oimira mitundu ina.

Tikakambirana mwachidule, tikhoza kunena kuti nkhuku zazikuluzikulu ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa minda ikuluikulu yomwe imakhudza kubzala nkhuku, komanso alimi ang'onoang'ono a nkhuku omwe amabala mbalame kuti azidya.

Makhalidwe abwino a mtunduwo amaposa zofooka zazing'ono. Ndipo ngati mumaphatikizapo zowonjezereka izi (kupanga dzira zabwino ndi nyama zakudya zam'mwamba), ndiye kuti kukayikira zokhudzana ndi kubereketsa nkhuku zazing'ono zimatha kwathunthu.