Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi aspergillosis nkhuku (nkhuku)

Nkhuku zathanzi ndilo loto ndi cholinga cha mlimi aliyense wa nkhuku. Ndicho chifukwa chake eni ake ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ma ward awo, powona kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi mawonekedwe. Makamaka, zidzathandiza kudziwa ndi kuchiza matenda monga aspergillosis m'kupita kwanthawi. Tiyeni tiphunzire zowonjezera za wodwalayo wa causative wa matendawa, zizindikiro zake zazikulu, njira zothandizira ndi kupewa.

Kodi matendawa ndi otani?

Aspergillosis (pneumomycosis, chibayo, nkhungu mycosis) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka ndi nkhungu. Mitundu yonse ya ziweto zimapweteka nazo.

Matenda owopsa amapezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini ndi ziwalo zina (chiwindi, matumbo a m'mimba, impso, nthata, dongosolo lachitsekemera, etc.). Anthu amakhalanso ndi aspergillosis.

Causative wothandizira aspergillosis

Nkhumba imakhala nkhungu ya mtundu wa Aspergillus, makamaka ya mtundu wa Asp. fumigatus, woimira wamba wa aspergillus. Bowa awa ali ndi mankhwala owopsa a aflatoxins.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungadyetse nkhuku zogwiritsira ntchito, momwe mungakonzekere nkhuku komanso mbalame zazikulu.

Amakhala pamakoma a malowa, komwe kumakhala malo ozizira, m'malo odyetserako ziweto, chakudya, mabedi, ndi manyowa. Mycelium ya bowa ikhoza kumera mu mbewu, chifukwa cha chakudya chomwe chimakhala chopatsirana. Mu chakudya, kukana kwa bowa kumatentha ndi mankhwala amakula.

Mukasungira chakudya chakuda, udzu, udzu, nthawi zambiri zimatenthetsa ndi kutsutsana, zomwe zimapangitsa kubereka ndi kukula kwa bowa. Pambuyo pa kuyanika kwathunthu, fumbi liri ndi spores zokha. Aspergillus spores ali okonzeka kwambiri ku mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kokha kwa mphindi 10-15 kumachepetsa ntchito ya spores ya Aspergillus fumigatus. Zambiri za mankhwala (zokhazokha zowonongeka komanso zowonjezereka) pa bowa ndi: buluji (bleach), caustic soda, chloramine.

Pamene kulowa kwa spore ndi matenda a thupi kumachitika, komwe kumabweretsa aspergillosis. Kawirikawiri, nkhuku zimadwalitsidwa ndi njira yodyetsera - mwachitsanzo, bowa amalowa m'thupi limodzi ndi zakudya zomwe ali nazo. Pakubaya spore, mbalame zitha kutenga kachilomboko, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Nkhuku zowonongeka kwa nkhuku zimawonetsedwa muzitsulo zamakono, pamene mwayi wa gel monga madzi akulowa mu chipolopolo ndi Aspergillus fumigatus ndi yaikulu.

Zizindikiro

Aspergillosis akhoza kukhala ovuta komanso opusa. Zizindikiro za matenda zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu.

Mu nkhuku

Kuwonetsetsa matenda m'masiku osakwana 30, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe ovuta. Zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwoneka kale pa tsiku lachitatu kuyambira nthawi ya matenda. Nthawi zina nthawi iyi yafupika kufika pa 1 tsiku kapena kuwonjezeka mpaka masiku khumi. Mu nkhuku zodwala, pali pang'onopang'ono chitukuko, zimakhala zouluka komanso zowonongeka, zimatulutsa makosi, zimapuma mofulumizitsa, zimawombera mpweya, zimatulutsa nthawi zambiri, komanso zimayimitsa msanga m'mphuno. Kwenikweni, kutentha kwa thupi n'kwachibadwa. Pambuyo masiku 2-6 mbalame imafa.

Maonekedwe ovuta nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi:

• chisokonezo;
• kusokonezeka kwa minofu;
• kusowa kwa njala;
• kusowa kwa kayendedwe;
• chisokonezo;
• ziwalo;
• paresis;
• nsalu zamphepete mwa buluu ndi mphete.

Ndikofunikira! Ndi njira yovuta ya matendawa, osachepera theka la achinyamata akhoza kufa.

Mu nkhuku zazikulu

Maonekedwe osatha (ndi achikulire omwe akudwala) akuchedwa ndipo zizindikiro siziri choncho.

Koma mukhoza kudziwa matendawa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• mawonedwe amanjenje;
• kutsekula m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa;
• kuchiza kukula;
• kutaya thupi

Nkhuku zokhumba nkhuku zidzakondwera kuwerengera zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekula kwa nkhuku, chifukwa nkhuku zimapita kumapazi ndi kugwa, komanso momwe mungapezere mphutsi, nkhupakupa, utitiri ndi nsabwe nkhuku.

Pamapeto pake mbalame imamwalira.

Zimene mungachite: momwe mungamathandizire aspergillosis

Dziwani matendawa molingana ndi zotsatira za epizootological (zachipatala) ndi mayeso a ma laboratory. Pa milandu yapamwamba, chithandizo cha mankhwala ochiritsira zakale sichinayambe. Odwala ali okhaokha ndipo amangowonongedwa basi. Komabe, ngati muwona kuti matendawa ali pachiyambi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti muthane ndi bowa.

Njira ya boric acid

Chigawo ichi chikuwoneka kuti chiri chogwira ntchito kwambiri. Chipindachi chimakhala ndi mankhwala a 2% a boric acid pa mlingo wa 5-10 malita pa 1 cu. m. Kutalika kwa mankhwala - maola 1.5.

Njira ya Iodine

Iodini yachibadwa imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Kukonzekera yankho pa mlingo wa 1 cu. m Tengani zowonjezera izi:

• iodini m'makristasi - 9 g;
• ammonium kloride - 1 g;
• ufa wa aluminium - 0,6 g;
• Kutentha madzi - 3-4 madontho.

Mu kugwirizana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mpweya wa ayodini umamasulidwa, umene uli ndi zotsatira zowononga pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuonjezera apo, kutaya kwa chakudya, mpweya ndi maliseche zimachitika. Chitani chithandizo masiku 4-5.

Mukudziwa? Anthu ambiri amapuma monga aspergillus spores tsiku lililonse, koma matendawa amapezeka kokha mwa iwo amene chitetezo chawo chafooka kwambiri.

Iodine monochloride

Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi sublimation ndi aluminium ufa (aluminium ufa) kapena waya. Kuwerengera kwa mankhwala - 0,5 ml pa 1 cu. m zipinda. Ngati nyumbayi ilibe chosindikizidwa chabwino, mlingo umenewu umapitsidwanso kawiri. Mankhwalawa amathiridwa m'madzi (pulasitiki kapena galvanized) ndi ufa (1:30) kapena waya (1:20) akutsanulira pamenepo. Zotsatira zake, kusungunula kwa ayodini ndi hydrochloric acid imapezeka. Imani mphindi 20-40, kenaka muzimitsa nyumbayo. Gwiritsani chipinda ndi maphunziro: 3 patatha masiku atatu, mpaka zizindikiro zonse za aspergillosis zinyama zisathe.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za matenda a nkhuku ndi njira za mankhwala.

Yodotriethylene glycol

Komanso, ziweto zimalimbikitsa kupatsa malowa njira yowonongeka ya tri-ethylene glycol (50%). Mlingo - 1.2-1.4 ml pa 1 cu. M. Pangani mpweya kwa mphindi zisanu ndikuwonetseratu mphindi 15-20. Maphunzirowa ndi masiku asanu ndi masiku awiri.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndi zizindikiro ndi njira zothandizira matenda monga dzira lakutaya matenda, matenda a matenda oopsa, mavocoplasmosis, conjunctivitis, pasteurellosis, colibacteriosis ndi matenda a chideru.

"Berenil"

Mphuno ya 1% yothetsera "Berenil" inadziwonetsanso bwino. Amapopera m'chipinda cha mphindi 30-40, kenaka amawombera. Disinfection course - masiku 3-4.

Chlorskipidar

Osagwiritsa ntchito molakwika polimbana ndi bowa ndi mankhwala awa. Monga momwe zilili ndi ayodini monochloride, kuyeretsa kumachitika ndi kugonjera. Kuwerengera - 0.2 ml ya turpentine kapena bleach pa 1 cu. m

Chimene sichiyenera kuchita

Mulimonsemo palibe matenda aakulu omwe sangathe:

• kusuntha, chakudya, mbalame pakati pa zipinda (osayenera) mkati mwa famu;
• kuchoka panyumbamo mosatetezedwa (ogwira ntchito payekha amaikidwa pazinyalala zosamalira);
• Chotsani mazira kuti apitirize kuswana.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1815 nkhungu m'thupi la mbalame inapezedwa ndi wasayansi waku Germany A. Meyer. Patapita zaka makumi asanu, Fresenius adawululira bowa m'ziwalo zozizira za bustard ndipo adazizindikira ndi Aspergillus fumigatus. Choncho, matendawa amatchedwa aspergillosis.

Chitetezo ndi ukhondo pantchito

Mukamagwira ntchito pa malo opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito malo kapena panthawi zothandizira, m'pofunika kusunga njira zina zotetezera:

1. Choyamba, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zozitetezera (kupuma, kuteteza masks, maofoloti, magolovesi, nsapato zotetezera). Adzalola kupewa matenda a munthuyo. Pambuyo pokonza, zovala ndi nsapato zimatetezedwa ku disinfected mu chipinda cha steam-formalin.
2. Sungani ukhondo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amaloledwa kugwira ntchito mu gasitini basi, magalasi a mpira ndi magalasi oteteza.
3. Muyenera kukhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zonse.
4. Osasuta kapena kudya pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
5. Pambuyo pa chochitikacho, sambani manja ndi nkhope yanu ndi madzi otentha ndi sopo.

Kodi munthu angathe kutenga kachilombo ku mbalame yodwala

Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaona kuti aspergillosis ndi matenda a "nyama," munthu akhoza kutenga kachilomboka. Izi zimachitika pamene mpweya umayambitsidwa ndi spores, pakumeza spores okha kapena kupyolera khungu lowonongeka kapena mucous membrane.

Mu thupi laumunthu, bowa limakhudza khungu, nthendayi, maso ndi ziwalo za kumva. Zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa ziwombankhanga mwa mawonekedwe a bronchial mphumu.

Njira zothandizira

Ndondomeko ya ukhondo ikhoza kuteteza kuphulika kwa matenda omwe amachititsidwa ndi Aspergillus fumigatus:

1. Pewani mapangidwe a tizilombo tokha kumbuyo kapena kugona pansi, komanso musagwiritsire ntchito udutswa wa udzu umene ungatetezedwe.
2. Kuyang'ana malo ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogona ndi chakudya nthawi kuti mudziwe ndikuwononga gwero la matenda.
3. Ngati palibe zomangamanga zomanga mipanda, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zambiri zisinthe malo odyetsa ndi kumwa.

   Werengani zambiri za momwe mungapangidwire nkhuku ndi manja anu.

4. Pofuna kupewa mbalame kuti zisawononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndibwino kuika zitsulo za chakudya ndi madzi pa nsanja zomwe zimachokera pansi.
5. Ngati madzi akuphatikiza m'malo opatsa, ndibwino kukonza ngalande yomwe ikukwera pamenepo.
6. Tsiku lirilonse liyenera kutsukidwa ndi kupatsiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwe ndi mankhwala a formaldehyde kuti amwe ndi kumwa.
7. Ngati sizingatheke kusintha malo odyetserako malo, nthaka yomwe ili pafupi nawo imayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala.
8. Yonjezerani kukonzekera kwa ayodini (iodide ya potassium, iodide ya sodium, lyugolevsky solution, etc.) kuti madzi kapena chakudya. Izi ziyenera kukhala zosapitirira masiku khumi motsatira, ndiye kuti mukufunika kupuma.
9. Pofuna kuteteza matenda kuchokera kwa anthu ena, mchere wa sulphate umatsanulira m'madzi (1: 2000). Maphunzirowa ndi masiku asanu.
10. Ventilate chipinda nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale mafunde oyenera.
11. Dyetsani mbalame ndi khalidwe labwino lokonzedwa molingana ndi miyezo.

Ndikofunikira! Sulphate yamkuwa sali yoperewera, ndipo nthawi zambiri silingakonzedwe kuti iigwiritse ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe aspergillosis ali ndi momwe mungamenyere izo. Pakapita nthawi pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oyenera, komanso njira zothandizira kuti zisamayidwe bwino, musathe kuchepetsa kufa kwa mbalameyo kapena kuteteza mbalamezo ku matenda.

Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti

Chidziwitso changa cha chithandizo ndi chitetezo chimabwera poletsa malo a mbalame. Nkhumba za mtundu wa Aspergillus zimayambira kwambiri ku ayodini, kotero kuti chithandizo cha amphaka ndigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ayodini monochloride (lodum monochloratum) ndi aluminiyumu, ndi kuperewera kwapadera kwa ayodini ndi ayironi zitsulo zamagetsi zopezeka ku monochloride iodine pakompyuta ndi aluminium (shavings, powder, aluminium, I-iodini ndi aluminium chloride (shavings, powder, I, I). ndi zinthu zina zamaluminiyumu). Kuti muchite izi, sungani magalasi kapena gwiritsani ntchito makina okwanira 2-3 malita (mphamvu imodzi pa 400-500 m3) ndi malo kapena kuwapachika mofanana (pamtunda wina ndi mzake kuchokera pamakoma a chipatala) pamtunda wa mamita 1-1.5 ndi lembani ndi iodine monochloride pa mlingo wa 3 ml / m3, momwe aluminiyamu imathira pa mlingo wa 50 g pa 1 l ya mankhwala. Kutentha kwake kumayamba mu 1-2 mphindi ndipo kumatha mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu, malinga ndi kuyera kwa aluminium ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala. Kuwonetsa kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa mpweya wothamanga wa mphindi 35-37. Pa nthawi yotsegula, chipindacho chatsekedwa mwamphamvu, mpweya wabwino umatsekedwa. Processing awiriawiri a exothermic anachita ikuchitika 3-4 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu. Pofuna kupewa kuthamanga mofulumira, kuphulika komanso kuthekera kumasulidwa kuchokera mu chidebe cha wothandizira pa mankhwala omwe amachititsa mankhwala komanso kutulutsa mavitamini okwanira, ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ayodini monochloride ndi triethylene glycol mu chiŵerengero cha 9: 1.

Zindikirani: Zomwe zimachitidwa zimachitika mu glassware, zomwe zimachitika ndi kutuluka kwakukulu kwa kutentha !!! Mapulasitiki adzasungunuka !!!

Alexey Bakhterev

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