Vuto la makoswe ndi lodziwikiratu kwa eni eni ambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina nkhondo yawo imakhala yofunikira kwambiri m'gulu lake. Kuphatikiza apo, eni nyumba angakumane ndi tizirombo ngati zimenezi, monga nthawi zina zirombozi zimachoka pansi pazipinda. Njira yowonekera kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino yothetsa vutoli ndi rodenticides - mankhwala amatsutsana ndi makoswe, ndiko kuti, poizoni. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri, ndi mitundu yanji ndi momwe angazigwiritsire ntchito.
Ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa kuti rodenticide ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuteteza zomera zomwe zimalidwa ku makoswe ndi mbewa. Zopangidwe zoterezo zingakhale zapachilengedwe komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma njira yotsiriza idakali yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa imapangidwira m'njira yofikira. Atangogwiritsa ntchito, mudzazindikira kuti izi ndi mankhwala ogwira mtima kwambiri.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito: "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Konfidor", "Decis", "Calypso", "Fastak", "Vertimek", "Lepidotsid", "Kemifos", "Angio", " Nemabakt, Aktofit.
Chofunikira chachikulu pa rodenticide iliyonse ndi mawonekedwe okongola ndi kununkhira kwa tizilombo. Si chinsinsi kuti makoswe amasiyana ndi nzeru zamakono, choncho, kuti adye poizoni, sayenera kuwukakamiza.
Komanso, ngakhale poizoni atalowa m'thupi la tizilombo, sichidzayamba kuchitapo kanthu, chomwe chimaperekedwa kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amadya (popanda mantha, mbewa zingadye mlingo umodzi).
Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa mu magawo oyambirira amachititsa kuti ziwonongeko zowonongeka mu rodent, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchoka kumalo kunja ndikufa kumeneko. Komabe, posankha mankhwala, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti sichikhala ndi zofanana zofanana ndi zinyama, chifukwa zimatha kudya nkhono.
Rodenticides kaŵirikaŵiri amabwera ngati nyambo zomaliza (tirigu, granules kapena briquettes), ndipo ndi angapo chabe omwe angaperekedwe ngati ufa kapena madzi.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonongedwa kwa makoswe kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, njira zamagetsi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mipukutu yowonongeka inagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mitsempha mu 1917, pamene iwo anawononga mbewu m'madera a chigawo cha Tomsk. Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji, kuwonjezera pa chlorine, kusakaniza kwake ndi phosgene ndi mankhwala oyera kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mankhwala omwe chlorine ndi sulfuryl chloride zinagwirizanitsidwa.
Kulemba ndi kusonyeza
Kugawidwa kwa rodenticides onse m'magulu kumalingalira kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko kwa nyama, komanso mankhwala ake (organic and organic). Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kufulumira kwachitetezo cha poizoni pa thupi la nyama, chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chimakulolani kuti muwerengetse nthawi yakuchotsa tizirombo zonse.
Ntchito
Mankhwala oterewa amachititsa imfa ya tizilombo nthawi yochepa (kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka maola 24). Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala a arsenic, zinc phosphide, strychnine ndi ena. Onsewa ali ndi msinkhu wa poizoni, chifukwa chake sagulitsidwa kwaulere. Nthaŵi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimira ntchito zapadera. 
Zosatha
Gulu losautsa kapena lachilendo la rodenticides limagwirizanitsa zinthu zomwe sizichita mwamsanga pa makoswe, koma pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira m'matupi awo ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zawo zokha zokhazokha. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zimayenera kudikira masabata angapo.
Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo zotchedwa "antiticoagulants", zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a magazi ndi mazira ambiri omwe amapha tizirombo. Kuchokera pang'onopang'ono kwa mankhwalawa sikungayambitse zizindikiro za rodenticide poizoni mu makoswe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adzabwerera ku poizoni kangapo. 
Malamulo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito
Zotsatira zabwino zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizofunika kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kukhalapo kwa nyambo komanso popanda. Pachiyambi choyamba, nkofunika kukonzekera poizoni kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito pomaliza ndi kuwonongeka mu malo a makoswe.
Zipangizo zonsezi zimaperekedwa ngati zowuma (ufa, ufa, granular, briquettes zolimba ndi zofewa) ndi nyambo zamadzimadzi (shuga 5-10% amachepetsedwa m'madzi, mowa, mkaka kapena madzi okongola). 
Pachifukwachi, chimbudzi chakumwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osakaniza kapena poizoni chimangosungunuka mmenemo. Zokonzedweratu zopangidwa bwino zimayikidwa m'malo omwe ali otsika kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi makoswe akuluakulu, njirayi imabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka atawonongedwa.
Njira yosafalikira yofalitsa zinthu zoopsa imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito rodenticide nsomba (zopangidwa ndi anticoagulants), zidutswa zamatabwa ndi zojambulapo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba kapena pansi pa makoma, kumene nyama zimatha kuwoneka bwino.
Pambuyo pa khungu lawo, ubweya wa nkhosa ndi nsalu zam'mimba, pang'onopang'ono poizoni amalowa m'thupi mwake, ndipo zimayambitsa zoyenera. Mpangidwe wa poizoni ndi wofunika kwambiri pazinthu zoterezi, kotero kuti zinyama zikhoza "kuzigawana" ndi achibale awo (bwino bwino kumagwedezeka mu chovala, mofulumira kugwera pakhungu). 
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito njira za besprimanochny kumalo kumene ziweto zina nthawi zambiri zimagula kapena kugula mankhwala omwe sali owopsa kwa iwo.Nthawi zina, polimbana ndi makoswe, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwirizi, chifukwa makoswewa amatha kuona chophimba chilichonse ndikudutsa poizoni.
Zitetezero za chitetezo
Kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo china ku thanzi la iwo omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Choncho, musanagule mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito makoswe, m'pofunika kuti mudziwe bwinobwino za chitetezo mukamazigwiritsa ntchito. Ndipotu, anthu okhawo oposa zaka 18 ndi omwe alibe kutsutsana pazochita zotere (mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kugonana, nthawi yogonana kapena kuyamwitsa) ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi rodenticides. 
Kuphimba, kukonzekera poizoni ndi malo ake pamalo osonkhanitsira tizirombo timene timayenera kuzipanga muzovala zenizeni, zopangidwa ndi nsalu kapena nsapato zowononga, nsapato zoteteza ndi magolovesi (pamene akugwira ntchito ndi ziphe, zimayenera kukhala filimu yophimba kapena yophika). Komanso, maso amatetezedwa (zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalasi ake) ndi ziwalo za kupuma (mask kapena wapumtima wapadera akhoza kuvala pamaso).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mulibe magalavu a mpira, mungagwiritse ntchito magulu akuluakulu a zachipatala okha, koma muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa umphumphu ndi kusalephera kwawo. Ngati chinyezi chimalowa mkati, mitsukoyo imalowetsedwa ndi malo oyera komanso owuma.Pambuyo pa ntchito, zovala zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, ndikuchita izi motsatira izi: popanda kuchotsa magolovesi m'manja, amatsukidwa ndi soda (10 g ayenera kutengedwa ndi 500 g ya mankhwala owerengeka), kenaka amatsukidwe m'madzi ndi kuchotsa mpweya, zigoba ndi nsapato.
Kenaka chotsani zovala ndi mitu kumutu. Diso ndi chitetezo cha kupuma chiyenera kupukutidwa ndi soda, ndiye magolovesi ayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo manja ayenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi ndi sopo.Zovala zamkati ziyenera kugwedezeka, zouma komanso zowonjezera mpweya, kenaka ziikidwa mu yosungiramo makabati kapena zojambula zomwe zili mu chipinda (osati kunyumba!).
Phunzirani momwe mungachotsere njoka, mabala, mabala, makoswe, ntchentche, ntchentche, nyerere, makungwa, nyamakazi, nsalu za dacha.
Zidzakhala zotheka kutsuka suti ngati zowonongeka (kamodzi pa sabata), ndithudi, ngati sitikuyankhula za mankhwala amodzi a gawoli kuchokera ku makoswe.
Ngati ndi kofunika kuti mukhale ndi malo ambiri, omwe, motero, amatenga nthawi yabwino, ndiye kuti mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri muyenera kupuma kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zovala ndi maski oteteza. Pitani ku mpweya wabwino kapena kupita kuchipinda china kumene mulibe rodenticide fumes. 
Zimaletsedwanso kusuta, kudya kapena kumwa pakapita ntchito kuti zitha kupewa mankhwala pakhungu komanso m'matumbo. Ngati pangakhale kuwonongeka kwa khungu (ngakhale zokopa zazing'ono kapena kudula), ndi bwino kupatsa munthu wina ntchitoyo kapena, ngati n'kotheka, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malo akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo mafakitale) ndi bwino kugwira ntchito m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena osachepera awiriawiri.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba ndizo zokhazo zomwe zimaimira nyama zomwe sizinayambe zodwala. Chowonadi n'chakuti iwo sangathe kukhala ndi maganizo oterewa, omwe amathandizidwa ndi minofu yofooka ya chifuwa ndi kuchepa kwa m'mimba kuti agwirizane m'njira yoti athe kutumiza chakudya.
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri
Pa msika wamakono pali zambiri zomwe zikukonzekera kukwera kwa rodent. Mmodzi mwa iwo ali ndi poizoni mwanjira yake, kotero musanasankhe njira yokonza gawo lawo, muyenera kulingalira mbali zake zomwe zimakhalira: malo okhala ndi malo kapena malo osungiramo katundu, malo osungiramo katundu kapena magalasi. 
Mafakitala ena amachititsa munthu poizoni ngakhale atakanizidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti siziyenera kukonza nyumba. Mukasungidwa m'chipinda chokonzedweratu, zakudya zopangira zakudya ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisagwirizane ndi rodenticides.
Ganizirani zomwe mungasankhe kwambiri pazithunzithunzi izi:
- "Imfa ya Rat" - mwinamwake mamembala otchuka kwambiri pa ntchito yaumwini. Lili ndi anticoagulant yomwe imasintha maonekedwe a magazi a tizilombo, ndikumukakamiza kuti apite mumsewu, kumene amamwalira. Popeza pakali pano chakudya cha poizoni sichiri kusamalidwa ndipo nyama sizipeza zizindikiro zake, anthu osatetezeka sagonjera mantha ndipo posachedwa amakhala ozunzidwa otsatira. Kukonzekera kumeneku kuli ndi zigawo zomenyana ndi ma antibiotic ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri. Phukusi limodzi la "Rat Death" lidzakhala lokwanira kuthana ndi malo 40 mamita.
- "Krysid" - ufa ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zambiri. Nyambo imeneyi imakhudza kwambiri kugawidwa kwa magazi kwa tizirombo ndipo imayambitsa imfa yawo osakwana tsiku limodzi pambuyo poti mankhwalawa amatha. Pofuna kukhala m'nyumba ya amphaka, agalu ndi ziweto zina, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho zimakhala zoyenera kumenyera makoswe pansi, ndikuzichotsa m'nyumba zaulimi. Zikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mbewu, tirigu, mbewu, mkate komanso ngakhale kanyumba tchizi. Nkhumba zazing'ono zimadziteteza ku "Rat", chifukwa chake siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa kamodzi miyezi ingapo.
- "Golif" - imodzi mwa njira zofulumira komanso zothandiza kwambiri za mtundu umenewu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchito zaukhondo, ndipo imfa ya makoswe sizimachitika mwamsanga, koma patatha masiku angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisayambitse mantha pakati pa achibale awo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Monga mankhwala ena ofanana, "Golif" amachititsa kumva kuti alibe oxygen ndipo amachititsa kuti makoswe ndi mbewa zichoke m'mabusa awo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amafa kunja kwa nyumbayo, motero amapewa kupsa kwa fungo losasangalatsa m'nyumbayo.
- The Nutcracker. Ndilo gelatinous composition, yomwe imaperekedwa ngati mawonekedwe apansi. Zokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo osiyanasiyana: m'nyumba zogona komanso zosakhala zogona, ndipo poizoni sizimataya katundu ngakhale pamtambo wambiri.
- "Mortorat". Chithandizochi chimasiyana ndi zochitika zina zofananako ndi kukhalapo kwa brodifacum mumapangidwe ake - mankhwala othandizira omwe amachititsa kuti thupi la nyama lisamwalire. Inde, palibe mtembo womwe umamva utamva. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati ma briquettes, omwe amaikidwa pamalo omwe tizirombo timadziunjikira kuti ziwonongeke kwambiri (mtunda wa pakati pa nyambo zoyenera siziyenera kupitirira mamita asanu). Mawu a mankhwala - masiku asanu, kenako imfa ya makoswe.
- "Zookumarin" - poizoni mu mawonekedwe a ufa wouma, womwe umasakanizidwa ndi chakudya ndi kuwonongeka m'malo komwe makoswe akugwira ntchito. Pogwiritsira ntchito, pamakhala makoswe 100% komanso 70% kuchotsa chipinda kuchokera ku mbewa. Chimake cha imfa ya rodent chimagwa pa tsiku la 7-10th mutatha kunyamula nyambo.
Anticoagulant rodenticides
Mu 1942, dziko linaphunzira za chinthu monga coumarin, ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono, asayansi anapeza magulu a mankhwala osandulika, omwe adasandulika pa nkhondo ndi makoswe. Choncho, mmalo mofuna mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, maganizo opambana adasunthira kusuntha, akuwulula zomwe angathe kutero ndi anticoagulants.
Mukamwa muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono kapena mukatengedwa kamodzi, sizimayambitsa chiwonongeko, ndipo poizoni wawo amawonjezereka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni.
Pamene mpweya wake wochuluka umasonkhanitsidwa, zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti chisokonezo cha masoka achilengedwe chikhale chosokoneza ndi kuonjezera kukwera kwa makoma a mitsempha ya magazi, omwe amachititsa maonekedwe ambiri a mitsempha, komanso chifukwa cha imfa ya zinyama. 
Mu m'badwo woyamba Zinthu monga "Zookumarin", "Dikumarol", "Kumakhlor", "Difenacin", "Fentolatsin", "Ethylfenacin", "Warfarin". Zonsezi zimakhala ndi njira imodzi yofanana: kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti makoswe amadya nyambo masiku angapo. Komanso, ambiri mwa iwo amatha kupanga chitetezo chokwanira pakapita nthawi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "osatsiriza" kamodzi, mlingo wotsatirawo sudzawatenga.
M'badwo wachiwiri Anticoagulants amaimiridwa ndi mankhwala Flocumafen, Brodifacum, Bromadiolone, omwe ali oopsa kwambiri kwa tizirombo, ndiye kuti mlingo umodzi wokha wa mankhwala umatsogolera ku imfa. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti nyimbozi ndizo zotchuka kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima m'nthaŵi yathu, ngakhale kuti sizinaloledwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa zosowa zaumwini.
Njira zovomerezeka zimaphatikizapo rodenticides monga mawonekedwe okongoletsedwa okonzedwa bwino, muzitsamba zamtengo wapatali (mwachitsanzo, Mkuntho ndi chida chopangidwa ndi mtundu wa buluu, sera zamakina, ndi klerat ndizokhalitsa, zomwe, pofuna chitetezo, zimapweteka kwambiri kuti ngakhale amawameza mwangozi, ndipo makoswe samamva kuwawa). 
Mlingo umene tizilombo timakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda umadalira mtundu wawo woyambirira komanso mlingo wa poizoni wotengedwa, choncho, ukhoza kusiyana pakati pa masiku angapo ndi masabata awiri.
Mukudziwa? Chida choyamba chovomerezedwa ndi mtundu umenewu ndi Warfarin, chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chiphe makoswe ndipo chinali ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Komabe, patapita nthawi, komanso makamaka mu 1955, mankhwalawa anali kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe anadwala matenda a mtima, omwe makamaka anapangidwa ndi anthu ambiri omwe sanadziphe.Monga mukuonera, pali zida zambiri zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa tizirombo ta mbeu nthawi imodzi, koma pozisankha, musaiwale kuphunzira zizindikiro zonse, komanso pozigwiritsa ntchito - kuti muteteze bwino kuchokera kuntchito yosafuna.
