Msika wamakono uli ndi njira zatsopano zogwirizira kuzirombo za zikhalidwe zamalonda. Palinso zina zakale, zotsimikiziridwa ngati chitsulo sodium, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mphesa pofuna kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a mbewu.
Iron sulfate: zabwino ndi mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito
FeSO4, kapangidwe kazinthu, chitsulo chamchere cha sulufule, chimawoneka ngati michere kapena ufa wa mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira (bulauni).
Ma kristalo a sulfate achitsulo ndi obiriwira owoneka bwino, nthawi zina amakhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni.
Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, vitriol imakhala ndi maubwino angapo:
- kutsika mtengo kwakukulu, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pokonza madera akuluakulu;
- poizoni wotsika, wotsikirapo kuposa wamkuwa wa sulfate, oxychoma ndi othandizira ena;
- ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, mankhwalawa amakhalanso ndi zovuta:
- high hygroscopicity, chifukwa chomwe chitsulo sulfate ziyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chotseka chamadzi;
- oxidation mwachangu yankho, lomwe limafunikira kuti lizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mukatha kukonzekera;
- nthawi yodziteteza isanathe milungu iwiri;
- zovuta zosavuta ndi mvula;
- mkulu acidity, chifukwa, mkulu Mwina wa kuwotcha masamba ndi masamba, omwe akuyamba kuphuka. Kumwaza ndikutheka kokha mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, pakakhala kuti palibe greenery ndi achinyamata kukula pa tchire cha mpesa;
- kusagwirizana ndi mandimu ndi organophosphorous mankhwala.
Iron sulfate iyenera kusungidwa mchidebe chosagwira chinyontho: pulasitiki kapena galasi
Kugwiritsa ntchito vitriol mu viticulture
Mphesa ndi chipatso chodziwika bwino m'minda yakumwera ndi pakati pa Russia, koma mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yazipatso zambiri imakonda kugwidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mankhwalawa ndi chitsulo sulfate amaletsa kufalikira kwa matenda, amateteza chitsamba ku chlorosis ndikuletsa kukula kwa mosses ndi lichens.
Mitengo yamphesa, yopatsa thanzi ndiosavuta kubzala ngati chiwembuchi chikugwiridwa ndi sulfate munthawi yake.
Kuteteza Matenda a Mphesa
4-5% yankho la sodium sodium (400-500 g ya mankhwalawa 10 l) amathandizira kuchiritsa matenda monga:
- powdery mildew (oidium). Zimakhudza masamba, inflorescence, ndi zipatso pambuyo pake. Zimakhala zofala kwambiri kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda komanso koyambira koyambira. Ikawonongeka kwambiri, mycelium ya bowa imaphimba masamba ndi Magulu okhala ndi imvi, zipatsozo zimaphulika ndikutembenukira kunjako. Matendawa amachepetsa zokolola;
Zipatso za Powdery zimaphulika ndikusandulika thupi kunjako
- Downy hlobo (thonje). Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga achikaso, ofiira kapena otuwa pamasamba. Mbali yakusintha, kuyanika kwoyera kwa mycelium kumadziwika. Zipatso zodwala zimafewetsa ndikupeza mthunzi wa lilac. Ndi zowonongeka zambiri, chitsamba chitha kutaya masamba ndi zipatso zonse;
Zipatso za mphesa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wocheperako zimataya ulaliki wawo
- anthracnose. Zomera zobiriwira zazing'ono zomwe zimatengera matenda. Mawonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba ndi mphukira amakula mwachangu, zimakhala zimafota ndipo zimayamba kuchepa. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndizopunduka ndi zopunduka, osakhala ndi nthawi yakucha.
Akavulazidwa, madera okhudzidwa ndi mbewuyo amapukuta ndi kufa
Chifukwa chosowa chitsulo, mbewu zimayamba chlorosis. Zizindikiro zake:
- kuchekeka, chikasu ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba pomwe kusunga mtundu wobiriwira wamitsempha;
- Kusintha ndi kugwa kwa masamba, maluwa;
- kuyanika kuphukira.
Chlorosis imamera mchomera chifukwa chosowa chitsulo
Zizindikiro za matendawa zitawoneka, tchire lokha komanso dothi limathandizidwa ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo pamilingo 10 yamadzi. Ndiotetezeka kwathunthu kwa zomera ndipo sizingayambitse kuyaka. Spray nthawi imodzi m'masiku 5-7 kuti mubwezeretse mitundu yobiriwira yamasamba.
Kuti muyeretse makungwa kum'mawa koyambirira, muyenera kuchitira tchire ndi 3% yankho la sodium sodium - kuteteza ku tiziromboti. Iyenera kuthiliridwa mosamala, ndikuonetsetsa kuti yankho likulowa ming'alu mu kotekisi, komwe majeremusi ndi spores za pathogenic boti amatha kuthawira.
Kuletsa kukula kwa impso mu kasupe
Nyengo zasintha m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo pakati pa kasupe kuopsa kwa madzi oundana kuli kwakukulu. Ngati mumasefa tchire ndi yankho la chitsulo cha 4% cha sodium masiku 5-7 mutachotsa malo omata nthawi yozizira, mafilimu otetemera oonda pamtunda. Izi ziyimitsa kukula kwa impso masiku 10 mpaka 14 ndikuthandizira kupewa kufa kwa mbewuyo pokhapokha kuzizira kwamphamvu.
Kuti zodulira mphesa zisale bwino, musanabzale m'nthaka zitha kuthandizidwa ndi 0,5% yankho la sodium sodium. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimaletsa kukula kwa gawo la mlengalenga, koma mizu yake ikukula kwambiri. Chitsamba chimakhala chogonjetsedwa ndi matenda komanso kusintha kwa nyengo.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, pomwe sipakufunika kuchedwetsa kuphukira kwa impso, kuphatikiza kwa kupopera kumachitika: mkuwa wa sulfate umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kasupe, ndipo sulfate yachitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yophukira. Ndikofunika kusankha tsiku louma komanso lopanda mphepo kuti lingakonzere zinthu ngati mvula silikuyembekezeredwa tsiku lotsatira, kuti malonda ake asatsuke mbewuyo.
Autumn Preventionative Chithandizo
Masamba atagwa, nthawi yakwana kubisa chitsamba nyengo yachisanu. Koma, choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mipesa ndi dothi zitha kuthandizidwa mosamala ndi yankho la sodium asidi ya 3-5%. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha matenda chaka chamawa chifukwa cha kufa kwa tizirombo tambiri nthawi yachisanu ndi mafangasi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yophukira kudzasinthidwa ngati simudzachotsa zinyalala za mbewu pazama mizere yomwe idagwa: masamba agwa, masango. Mwa iwo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kupitilira bwino, kenako kumapeto, kuwonongeka kwa chitsamba sikungapeweke.
Njira zopewera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi iron sulfate
Ngakhale chitsulo sulfate sichimaganiziridwa kuti ndi poizoni, chithandizo cha mbeu chimachitika potsatira njira zoteteza:
- sayenera kuloledwa kutaya, kutulutsa ufa kuti mupewe kupuma;
- ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi a mphira, bandeji ya gauze, kupuma, komanso zovala zoteteza ndi magalasi kuti mupewe kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mucous;
- Pambuyo pa chithandizo, sambani m'manja ndi nkhope bwino, natsuka pakamwa panu.
Konzani kapangidwe kake mu chidebe chosakhala chachitsulo, galasi kapena pulasitiki, ndikuyang'anira mosamala kuti makhristali onse asungunuka.
Sungani ufa ndi ana ndi nyama, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli patsiku lokonzekera.
Iron sulfate ikupitiliza kukhala njira yofunikira pothana ndi tizirombo ta mphesa, ngakhale pakubwera mankhwala atsopano. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo kukupatsani zotsatira zake kumapeto kwa nyengo. Zotulutsa za mpesa wathanzi komanso wamphamvu ndizambiri.
