Mankhwala opangira mchere lero - chikole cha zipatso zabwino za mbatata mawa!

Mbatata ndi mbewu za masamba zomwe zakhala zikusauka mizu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa tubers. Ndi chifukwa chake chisamaliro ndi feteleza. Izi zimadalira ngati mutakhala ndi zokolola komanso ngati zingakhale zabwino kwambiri.

Kodi ntchito ya feteleza yamchere ndi yotani pamene mukudzala masamba ndi kukula kwake? Kodi kudyetsa kulipo, ndi chiyani chomwe chikufunika kuti pakhale mbatata yabwino, ndipindulitsa zotani?

Komanso malangizo ndi malangizo omwe angapangitse kuti adziwe kuti ndi motani komanso pazigawo ziti zobzala.

Muzu ndi bwino kukula mizu chifukwa cha kukula kukula kwa tubers, dothi lotsatira kubzala

Kodi zinthu izi ndi ziti?

Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka moyo wa zomera. Mwa mtunduwo amagawidwa kukhala:

1. Zosavuta. Phatikizani mchere umodzi: potaziyamu, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, ufa wa phosphorite, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kuphatikizidwa. Zili ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zambiri: fertika, kemira, nitrophoska, azophoska, nitrophosphate, ndi zina zotero.

Manyowa amchere amagawidwa kukhala zinthu zomwe zili ndi:

• nitrogen;
• phosphorus;
• potaziyamu.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chikufunika?

Mbatata imayenera makamaka mchere:

• ammonium nitrate;
• mphothosphate;
• potaziyamu chloride;
• phosphate rock;
• urea (carbamide).

Koma kuchokera ku ma microelements osiyanasiyana, mbatata amafunika nitrojeni koposa zonse. Mtengo wa nayitrojeni ndi wosafunika kwambiri. Popanda iyo, zomera sizikula bwino, masamba amatha kutuluka, ndipo mizu imakhala yaing'ono.

Zokwanira za potashi zimafunikira kumene kuli klorine kakang'ono. Ndi kusowa kwa maluwa a potaziyamu kukhala ochepa kapena osamangirizidwa.

Ndi kusowa kwa phosphorous tchire pachimake mochedwa, masamba a mbatata amdima.

Zambiri za feteleza ndi momwe zimakhalira kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi pamene mukukula mbatata, werengani m'nkhaniyi.

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Onetsetsani phindu ndi kupweteka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mu kuvala kwa mbatata.

Kotero, kwa:

1. Kusakaniza kwa mchere wamakono kwafika pamtunda wochuluka wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa agrochemistry.
2. Kuchita bwino. Zokolola ndi zabwino, palibe malo oika mbatata? Kodi izi sizili chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mchere?
3. Mmerawo ndi wathanzi komanso wolimba. Ndipotu, chitsamba chamtundu sichisavuta kugonjetsa tizirombo.
4. Kudyetsa kudya. Mukhoza kupanga chimodzi kapena zambiri chomeracho chikusowa.
5. Feteleza sivuta. Zosakaniza ndi zosavuta kusunga ndikusamutsa.
6. Mtengo wogwira ntchito. Tikazindikira zokolola zambiri, timapanga phindu.

Ndipo motsutsa:

1. Manyowa amchere akhoza kusonkhanitsa zomera, m'nthaka, zimakhudza zake (salinity, acidity, etc.). Zomwe zimawonongeka kwambiri mu mbatata ndizovuta kwambiri pazogwiritsira ntchito.
2. Ngakhale kudyetsa zovuta nthawi zina sikokwanira kuti zakudya zabwino za mbeu zitheke. Ndipo bajetiyi idzapereka mtengo wopeza micronutrients yowonjezera.
3. Mlingo wa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito umasokonezeka mosavuta, ndiyeno chomera chikhoza kuvutika. Mwachitsanzo, pokhala ndi nthaka yochuluka ndi nitrojeni, mizu ya mbatata ikhoza kutenthedwa.

Nchifukwa chiyani tikusowa?

• Zomera za mbatata zili ndi mizu yofooka. Chomeracho chimafunika kutenga zakudya zowonjezera. Kupezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka kumapereka zomera zabwino za zomera.
• Chakudya choyenera chokhudzana ndi mavitamini chimakhudza ubwino wa tubers, kumapangitsa kukoma kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwawo.
• Potaziyamu kumawonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Mitengo ya phosphate imathandiza chomera kuti chimasinthasintha kusintha kwa nyengo, kukulitsa chisanu, kuwonjezera kulemera kwake, ndi kusunga mbeu zazomera bwino.
• Amapereka mapuloteni apamwamba. Mu mbatata zakula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza, ndizokwanira kawiri kuposa momwe zimakula popanda zakudya zoyenera mchere.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito nthawi yanji?

1. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, feteleza feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka. Adzafunika mbatata chifukwa cha kukula kwa nyengo.
2. Pambuyo maluwa, nayitrogeni sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwinamwake nsonga zidzakula chifukwa cha tubers.
3. Pa nthawi ya kukula, mbatata imayenera kudyetsedwa kachiwiri, koma muyenera kuganizira kuti ngati dothi liri mchenga, zigawozo zimatsuka pang'ono ndi mvula.
4. Pa nthawi yoyamba yamtunduwu, pamene nsongazo zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12, zimapangitsa madzi kuvala.
5. Pa nyengo yowonjezera yogulitsa mbeu timapanga superphosphate pa mlingo wa 2 tbsp. l pamtunda wa malo. Kapena kusakaniza zakudya: gawo limodzi la phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, magawo awiri a feteleza fetashi. Onjezerani 25 g wa njira iyi ku chidebe cha madzi.

Zovala zapamwamba zamchere zimabweretsa nthaka m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Muzu - ikani feteleza pansi pazu, ndikumasula pansi;
• foliar - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Mizu yapamwamba imapanga nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha njira ya photosynthesis. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera zovala za foliar pamene ndi mitambo kapena madzulo, mwinamwake yankho limalira mofulumira ndipo lidzavulaza masamba.

Tsatanetsatane wa momwe, ndi zingati zomwe zingakhale bwino kumanga mbatata, werengani apa.

Mitundu

Asitrogeni

Mitengo ya nayitrogeni feteleza:

1. Ammonia azitrogeni (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate) - otchuka kwambiri ndi ofunika pothandizira pakati pa wamaluwa. Kusungunuka kwakukulu m'madzi. Nthaka ndi yoyenera kwa aliyense.
2. Nitrate nayitrogeni (sodium nitrate) - yothandiza kwambiri, mwamsanga imadziwika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito masika ndi chilimwe. Kuletsa: sikuyenera nthaka yakuda, mu greenhouses.
3. Amide nayitrogeni (urea, calcium cyanamide) - ntchito yaikulu ya feteleza ikudyetsa. Zochita mwamsanga, acidifies dziko lapansi. Zapangidwa mu metallurgy. Samalani.

Mankhwala a nayitrogeni amagwira ntchito mwakhama. Kunja, zikuwoneka ngati: tsinde limakula, masamba amakula, tchire zimawoneka bwino komanso zathanzi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yambiri ya mapuloteni mu tubers, zimakhala zazikulu ndipo nambala yawo ikuwonjezeka.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera nayitrogeni kungapangitse kukula kwa masamba, osati mizu ya mbewu. Pankhaniyi, zokolola zambiri sizili zofunikira.

Kupaka mineral kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka mwa njira zitatu:

1. Waukulu. Izi zimachitika musanayambe kubzala, kapena musanayambe kufesa, kuti mchere wambiri ufike pansi. Zaperekedwa mwa kufalitsa. Mungagwiritse ntchito dispenser.
2. Priposevnym. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
3. Monga kuvala pamwamba. Zakudya zapadera zimayambitsidwa pa nyengo yokula.

Mmene mungaperekere:

• Mavitrogeni ayenela kupangidwa mosamala, kutsatira malangizo, kutsatira malangizo mosamala.
• Mtunda wochokera ku feteleza kupita ku chitsamba uyenera kukhala mkati mwa masentimita 20.
• Samalani kuti musatenge feteleza pa masamba.
• Mukamabzala mbatata, 5 g wa ammonium nitrate kapena 7 g wa ammonium sulphate imatsanuliridwa mu chitsime chilichonse.

Njira yothetsera mizu ya mbatata - 15 malita a madzi 30 g wa urea. Gawo la lita imodzi ya yankho pansi pa chitsamba.

Phosphoric

Manyowa a phosphate amagawidwa mu:

1. Madzi sungunuka. Superphosphate ndi yosavuta komanso iwiri - phosphorus yosungiramo katundu. Thupi ndilopangidwa ndi granulated, mwamsanga limasungunula. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya nthaka. Zimakhudza mizu, kuupanga kukhala yamphamvu ndi yotheka.
2. Half yosungunuka The precipitate ndi feteleza amene sungasungunuke m'madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zothetsera asidi. Zokwanira nthaka ndi acidity mkulu.
3. Sungunuka pang'ono. Phosphoric ufa - amasungunuka pokhapokha ngati akusakanizidwa bwino. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito pa nthaka yokha.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

• Phosphorus imayendetsa kuperewera kwa selo nembanemba, imapereka chomera ndi mphamvu kwa yogwira kukula kwa tchire. Mbewu yokhala ndi phosphorous zinthu imakhala yotsutsana ndi matenda, zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni komanso shuga zimakula mu tubers, mizu imakhala yolimba. Kutuluka kumabweretsa kukolola kokwanira.
• Pamene njala ya phosphorous choyamba imayamba kukumba mu kukula. Masambawo amdima, maluwa amamangidwa pang'onopang'ono, ma tubers ali ndi mabala a bulauni, chiwerengero cha shuga mumakhala.

Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho chingalandire phosphorous pokhapokha phosphoric additives.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza:

• Manyowa a phosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanafese, pofesa komanso feteleza.
• Mpweya wa Superphosphate umagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka kumapeto kwa nthaka pamene nthaka ikukonzekera kubzala.
• Phulusa liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba cha tchire chokula.
• Chomeracho chimapweteka makamaka ngati phosphorous sichikwanira pa nyengo yoyamba ya mbatata. M'tsogolomu, ndondomeko ya njala ya phosphorus idzakhala yosatheka.
• Superphosphate imapangidwa pa mlingo wa 1 kg ya mankhwala pa 1 kapena 3-4 g pa shrub.
• Mukhoza kudyetsa nkhuku za foliar, pamene mbatata yatha, ndipo isanakwane mwezi umodzi. Pangani njira yotsatirayi: kuchepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi, oyambitsa 100 g wa superphosphate. Pa 0,5 malita pansi pa chitsamba.

Potash

Manyowa a Potash - mchere wambiri wa kloride ndi sulphate umagawidwa mwa:

1. Potaziyamu chloride mosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi. Zochita mu nthaka ya dongo.
2. Potaziyamu mchere - imatumanso mofulumira, koma ndi yoyenera dothi la mchenga lomwe muli potaziyamu. Sagwiritsidwe ntchito m'dzinja, chifukwa cha madzi apansi, kuchepa kwake kumachepa mofulumira. M'dzinja, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza sikofunika, chifukwa pali leaching yofulumira ya madzi pansi.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

• Mavitamini a potashi ndi ofunikira kwambiri mbatata. Zimakulitsa makhalidwe a nthaka, kukhazikitsa mizu, kuthandiza kupanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha tubers, kukonza kukoma kwawo. Kusowa kwa potaziyamu kumakhudza maonekedwe a chomera: tchire zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zimayambira kugwa. Chomera chimadetsedwa, chimalira.

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala a klorini m'magulu odyetsera kumabweretsa kupanga mbatata ndi mkulu wa nitrateszoopsa kwa moyo waumunthu.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza:

• Ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza feteleza mu kugwa, kotero kuti chlorine imatulutsidwa m'nyengo yozizira ndipo imasiyidwa ndi madzi otungunuka.
• Mavitamini a Potash omwe alibe chlorine amadziwika panthawi yachisanu.
• Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kuti muzitha kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, manyowa ndi njira yotsatirayi: 15-20 g wa potaziyamu sulphate, kuchepetsa 15 g wa phulusa mu 10 l madzi. Lita imodzi pansi pa chitsamba.

Zovuta

Mankhwala osakaniza amchere (nitrogen-potaziyamu ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu) - zinthu zomwe zimapereka mbatata ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri. Zinthu zimenezi zili ndi zakudya ziwiri kapena zambiri. Ndikwanira kuwerenga dzinalo mu thumba, ndipo zowonjezera zidzatsimikizika. Ngati muzu wa "nitro" ndi "ammonium" - ndiye muzitsulo wa nayitrogeni, ngati "fos" - phosphorous, "ka" - potaziyamu.

Iwo agawidwa mu:

1. Zovuta (zosakaniza) - Zotsatira za mankhwala amachitidwe a zinthu zina.
2. Kusakanizika kovuta - Zotsatira za kusakaniza feteleza watsirizidwa ndi kusintha kwina.
3. Kusokonezeka - Zotsatira za kusanganikirana mwachindunji kwa zigawo zowuma kapena zowonongeka. Amayendera malinga ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Mavitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mwa iwo amaikidwa moyenera.

"Azofoska"

"Azofoska" (kapena "Nitroammofoska") - mchere wamchere wambiri, wopangidwa ndi zinthu zitatu zamadzimadzi: nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a granular. Chidachi chikugwiritsidwa mwanjira yakuti, mosasamala nthawi yosungirako, imasunga dziko lopweteka. Amatanthauza chilengedwe chonse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya dothi.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

1. Mankhwalawa amakwaniritsa zogwirizana ndi zosowa za zomera m'zinthu zothandiza.
2. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chachikulu, kapena kuwonjezera pa fetereza zina.
3. Zimakhudza kwambiri kukula, kumalimbitsa mizu.
4. Amathandizira mbatata kulowa mu nthawi yamaluwa.
5. Kuwonjezeka kukana chisanu, nyengo youma, ndi zina.
6. Kuteteza masamba ku matenda ambiri.
7. Kuwonjezera kukoma kwa mbewu zakula.
8. Kuwonjezera nthawi ya chitetezo cha mbewu.
9. Zakhalabe m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali, osatsuka ndi madzi apansi kapena madzi amvula.

Palemba. "Azofoska" imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono, kenaka imakhalabe m'nthaka chaka chotsatira.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza:

• Chifukwa cholemera, dothi landiweyani kukonzekera kovuta kumayenera kubweretsedwa kugwa, mutangotha ​​kukolola, monga chovala chapamwamba. Malingana ndi 30-40 g pa 1 lalikulu. mita, kapena makilogalamu 4 pa hekita imodzi.
• Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imeneyi isanayambe nyengo yozizira, dziko liyenera kukhala lotentha ndi lofewa.
• Pa dothi lochepa, "Azofoska" imayambika masika, pamene kulima koyamba kwa munda wa ndiwo zamasamba kumachitika. Apo ayi, zambiri za zakudya zidzasambitsidwa ndi madzi ofungunuka.
• Mukamabzala mbatata, kukonzekera kumayikidwa padera pazitsime za 3-4 g.
• Pamene mbande zikuwonekera, muyenera kuwerenga masabata awiri ndikudyetsa mbatata "Azofoskoy" kachiwiri. Zakudya zowonjezera kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a masamba.

Bweretsani "mizu ya Azofoska" kapena njira ya foliar.

Muzu:

1. Ma granules amasungunuka m'madzi (10-15 g ya fetereza pa 10 malita a madzi).
2. Pakati pa mabedi akuzama kwambiri groove 4-5 masentimita.
3. Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa izo: 5-6 g pa mita iliyonse.
4. Fukuta ndi nthaka.

Foliar:

1. Pangani yankho monga pamwambapa.
2. Yambani kuvala.

Ngati, pogwiritsa ntchito, Azafoska imagwera mu nthaka yozizira mu kugwa, nitrates idzawonjezeka kuchokera pamwamba.

"Fertika"

Manyowa ovuta "Mbatata ya Fertika" - ndondomeko ya kufufuza zinthu ndi zakudya zomwe zimayenera kubzala ndi kusamalira mbatata.

Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'makristasi. Kutsekemera kwathunthu pa kukhudzana ndi madzi. Ali ndi phosphorus ambiri, mpaka 20 peresenti mu njira yamadzimadzi.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

1. The zikuchokera mankhwala - macro - ndi micronutrients, mulingo woyenera bwino, kuwonjezera zokolola za mbatata.
2. Alibe chlorine yovulaza masamba.
3. Amalimbikitsa kupanga mapangidwe ndi ma tuber.
4. Amalimbitsa mizu.
5. Kulimbitsa ubwino wa mbewu zakuzu.
6. Mbewu yonseyo imakhala yathanzi, ndi masamba owala kwambiri a masamba.

Feteleza Mbatata feteleza wapangidwa:

• Nthawi yoyamba m'chaka, pamene mubzala mbatata.
• M'tsogolomu, pamene mukukwera phiri ngati chovala chokwera pamwamba.
• Mankhwalawa ndi granulated, amatsanulira mu nthaka yonyowa. Madzi amvula adzasungunula mankhwalawa.

Kemira

Kemira Mbatata ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, mchere wambiri wopangira zovala. Mmenemo muli m'gulu laling'ono laling'ono lonse zomwe zimayenera kuti zithandize moyo wa mbewu. Awa ndi potaziyamu, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, magnesium, boron, mkuwa, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfure, ndi zinc.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

1. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamakina zomwe zimapangidwa bwino zimakwaniritsa zofunika za mbatata. Chotsatira chake, njira ya tuberization idzawonjezeka, kutanthauza kuti zokolola zidzawonjezeka.
2. Alibe chlorine, yovulaza mbatata zowona. Kuteteza mbewu kuchokera ku nitrates.
3. Kuwonjezera chomera chitetezo cha kutentha kwambiri ndipo chimateteza matenda ambiri.
4. Sichidalira njira yolima nthaka.
5. Amakula bwino komanso akukololedwa.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza:

• Tulutsani feteleza zovuta "mbatata ya Kemira" kapena kuti madzi ouma.
• Kudyetsa koyamba m'chaka, ndikukumba munda. Zotsatirazi zili kale pansi, kuvala pansi.
• Dothi lotsekemera ayenera kuthirira mosamala.
• Micronutrients pang'onopang'ono adzakumbidwa ndi mbatata.
• Mlingo wa mankhwala oyenera ndi: 10 makilogalamu a feteleza pa munda wa masamba 100 kapena mogwirizana ndi malangizo pa phukusi.

"Mafuta a mbatata"

"Zakudya za mbatata" - feteleza wambiri wothirira mbewu, amayesetsa kudya zakudya za nyengo yonse.

Zimaphatikizapo magulu akuluakulu ndi micronutrients omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mbatata. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito: pa nthawi yophukira kukumba dziko lapansi, pakufika, pakukula, pa dziko lapansi. Komanso monga foliar ntchito.

Kodi ndi zabwino kwa mbatata:

1. Kuthamanga kwa tuberization.
2. Wothandizira zabwino kucha kucha tubers, chokoma ndi lezhkie.
3. Amachepetsa nthawi yokolola masabata awiri.
4. Njira yothandizira kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a mbatata.

Palemba. "Mazira a mbatata" ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti dothi ligwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu.

Ganizirani malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito "Mbatata". Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza:

• M'chaka, mwezi umodzi usanafese, fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka pamtunda wa 60 g pa 1 mita imodzi. mita
• Mukamabzala: m'zitsime za 15-20 g. Idzathandizanso kuchotsa tizirombo.
• Monga bait basit: Pa 1 weave timabzala 50-80 g fetereza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Mlingo wa feteleza pa zana limodzi la mbewu za mbatata amawerengedwa molingana ndi zizindikiro za nthaka:

• Kwa dothi lachonde: 1.5 makilogalamu a potaziyamu + 2.5 makilogalamu a zinthu zakuthupi.
• Zolinga zakuthambo: 1.5 makilogalamu a potaziyamu + 3 makilogalamu a nayitrogeni + 3 makilogalamu a zinthu zakuthupi.
• Dothi lovuta: 1 makilogalamu a saltpeter + 3 makilogalamu a phosphoric substances + 100 makilogalamu a organic kanthu.

Zomwe feteleza amafunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mbatata komanso momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito molondola, werengani pano, ndipo kuchokera mu nkhani ino muphunzire momwe mungamve bwino mbatata kuti mukolole bwino.

Ntchito yoyenera komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya feteleza yamchere chifukwa chokula mbatata imapangitsa kuti zokolola zikhale zosavuta. Mbatata zokoma ndi zokoma zidzakhala mphoto!