Iwo kulekerera chilala ndi kwambiri frosts - chitumbuwa mitundu Ashinskaya Stepnaya

Cherry Stepnaya Ashinskaya amaona kuti ndi wosakanikirana mitundu pakati pa shrub ndi munda yamatcheri.

Ali Mtengo wabwino, matani 12 pa hekitala.

Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yomwe mumakonda komanso kukoma kwanu.

Ashinskaya Cherry amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zabwino - kulongosola zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi kenako mu nkhaniyi.

Zosiyanasiyana zosiyana Stepnaya Ashinskaya

Mbali za steppe shrub chitumbuwa

Tsabola ya steppe amachokera ku mtundu wa maula. Ndiwo chomera cha nkhalango. Chabwino mutengere mkati nyengo yamakontinenti.

Kumidzi, zasungidwa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zamapine, mitsinje, mitengo, malo otsetsereka ndi mitsinje.

Pakalipano, pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolima, kulima, kumanga ndi kubereketsa ziweto zazikulu.

Choncho, steppe chitumbuwa sichikhoza kutenga malo atsopano.

Zozizwitsa zimafalitsidwa ndi kuwombera. Ndi otsika shrub kufika mu msinkhu kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Nthawi zambiri 0,6-1,1 mamita. Imakhala yoonda, yowera pang'ono, ikuwombera ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ophatikizidwa ndi owopsya masamba.

Mitundu ya Cherry yosiyana kulawa wowawasa ndi kutchedwa tartness. Kaŵirikaŵiri amadyedwa ndi anthu okhalapo. Zipatso pamthunzi wosiyanasiyana - kuchokera wofiira wofiira mpaka ku burgundy wakuda. Pfupa mkati mwa zamkati pamapeto onse awiri ndi lakuthwa kwambiri.

Cherry skoroplodnaya. Mu fruiting angalowe m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Steppe chitumbuwa ndi chachisanu-cholimba mitundu. Kupirira nyengo yozizira yozizira yochokera ku 47 mpaka madigiri 55 Celsius. Amamera kumene chitumbuwa chochepa sichinga mizu. Ali ndi kulekerera kwa chilala. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala moyo kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 25.

Katumbu wa chitsamba akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri yomwe imachokera ku thunthu lalifupi kapena ku mizu.

Choncho, chitumbuwa choterocho chimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a overgrown wandiweyani m'nkhalango. Mtengo uli ndi mphukira zambiri ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.

Mu mtundu, iwo ali wobiriwira wobiriwira, lanceolate mu mawonekedwe, owuntha. Maluwawo ndi oyera kapena beige, amasonkhana mu maambulera atatu kapena anayi osabisa.

Kutalika kwapafupi sichiposa malimita 25. Nthawi yamaluwa imatha kumapeto kwa April.

Cherries sikuti amafunika kuvomerezedwa agrotechnical miyeso. Kufa kwa mtengo kungakhale limodzi ndi dontho la zokolola, kutha kwa phindu, kugwa kwa korona ndi chigoba nthambi.

Pang'ono ndi fruiting masamba, imfa ya mtengo imapezeka nthawi zambiri mofulumira. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongola. Lero ndi losowa kwambiri. Olembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera.

Kusiyana kwa steppe shrub chitumbuwa ku munda wamba

• Tsabola ya Steppe ili variegated ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yamatcheri. Berry munda wamatcheri ovalo ndi m'mphepete mwake.
• Steppe chitumbuwa zipatso wowawasa, wotchedwa tartness. Garden cherry amakonda kwambiri. Zipatso zokoma, ndi zowawa pang'ono.
• Shrub yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali ali ndi mtundu wosiyana - kuchokera wofiira wofiira mpaka wakuda burgundy. Kawirikawiri yamatope amakhala ndi mthunzi wosalala, makamaka wamdima wofiira.
• Shrub bone kumapeto onse awiri adalongosola, ochepa kwambiri. Kumunda - yokhala ndi mthunzi wa kirimu, makulidwe a 0,4 masentimita. Nthiti za fupa zimawongolera, sizichititsa kudula m'kamwa.
• Mu fruiting steppe chitumbuwa chimabwera chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Pa munda chitumbuwa fruiting amapezeka 4 kapena 5 chaka chitatha kudula.
• Steppe chitumbuwa chimatanthauzira kwa mitundu yolimba yozizira. Amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira kuyambira 47 mpaka 55 digiri Celsius. Pa munda wamatcheri chisanu kukana pafupifupimpaka kufika pa madigiri 48 Celsius.
• Nkhumba yamatcheri yomwe imakhala pamphepete mwa nkhalango, mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Kulima kumalumikizidwa bwino m'mabwalo aumwini, m'minda ya zipatso za wamaluwa wamaluwa, mafakitale ndi minda.
• Mtengo wa chitumbuwa umatha kukhalira kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 25. Garden chitumbuwa - mpaka zaka 35.
• Tsabola yachitsamba ikhoza kukhala nayo mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri zomwe zimachokera ku mizu kapena thunthu laling'ono. Garden chitumbuwa chakhala thunthu limodzi lalikulu.
• Nthawi yamaluwa ya cherry ya steppe amawerengera kumapeto kwa April. Maluwa a chitumbuwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa May.
• Mtengowu uli ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Mu munda chitumbuwa masamba ngakhale 2-3 nthawi yaying'ono.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Zosiyanasiyana zalowa mu zolembera za mayiko padziko lonse kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2002. Amaonedwa kuti ndi wopambana. wosakanizidwa pakati pa steppe (chitsamba) yamatcheri ndi wamba (munda).

Woyambitsa zosiyanasiyana ndi YUNIIPOK (South Ural Research Institute for Horticulture ndi mbatata).

Alemba-asayansi: Anastasia Efimovna Pankratova, Kabir Kadirovich Mullayanov, Vladimir Ilyich Putiagin, IG Zamyatin

Yofanana ndi mtengo wa steppe: shrub.

Kubalana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapezeka m'njira zonse zomwe zilipo: cuttings, mphukira, maenje ndi kukulumikiza. Zimakhazikitsidwa bwino m'makonzedwe aumwini, m'minda ya zipatso za wamaluwa wamaluwa, mafakitale ndi minda. Mungathe kukomana naye ku Asia Minor ndi Central Europe.

Amapezeka m'mayiko onse a Russia ndi a CIS. Mtengo uli wamba Chigawo cha Ural, ku Caucasus, Kuban, m'dera la Volga, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov, Voronezh, ku Yaroslavl.

Mitundu ngati Turgenevka, Kharitonovskaya, Fairy ndi Chernokorka zimakula bwino m'madera amenewa.

Dipatimentiyi ili ndi zovomerezeka zovomerezeka zokwana 92, mapepala, zizindikiro za zopangidwe ndi zitukuko za sayansi.

Asayansi akupanga njira yowonongeka kwa kukana chilala, chisanu kukana, fruiting ndi zokolola.

Mavuto a maluwa ndi kasupe masamba kuti chisanu ndi kuchulukitsa chitetezo chitetezo amachotsedwa.

Zomwe amakhulupirira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange miyambo yapamwamba, yapamwamba kwambiri, ndi miyambo yabwino. Zochitika za Institute ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Maonekedwe

Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo wa zipatso ndi zipatso zokha.

Mtengo

Chiwerengero cha zopangidwa ndi Ashinskaya cherry ndi chapamwamba. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri, makamaka pamene palibe korona. Mtengo uli kutalika kwake kufika pa 2.6-3.1 mamita mu msinkhu. Chimake chofanana 20-45 masentimita.

Kodi mtengo ndi kukula mofulumira. Korona wa chitumbuwa ndi wandiweyani, cylindroconic mu mawonekedwe, elongated. Ili ndi masamba abwino. Zowonongeka ku lalikulu lakuda masamba.

Kupulumukira kuli kozungulira, popanda madzi. Mtundu uli wofiirira ndi mthunzi wa silvery. Kutalika kumatha kufika 30-45 sentimita. Lentili yapakatikati ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri. Impso yokhotakhota, yayitali kwambiri, yaying'ono yamakono. Kuphatikiza kwa impso kumakhala kosalala.

Masambawo ndi mdima wandiweyani wambiri. Maonekedwewa ndi ozungulira, opapatiza, oblong, ndi kupindika pang'ono.

Ili ndi mawonekedwe afupipafupi komanso omveka ndi biconcave m'mphepete mwa tsamba. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, pepala ili kufika Masentimita 8 lonse - masentimita 4.

Kukhumudwa kulibe. Lili ndi tsamba lowala, losalala, pa maziko omwe anthocyanin alipo. Zilonda zamtundu, zachikasu, zowonongeka, zazing'ono. Tsambali lili ndifupipafupi, ndipo limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 1.8. Mapulogalamu mu zosiyanasiyanazi palibe.

Zipatso

Chipatso cha Ashinskaya yamatcheri yowutsa mudyo, yaikulu. Oval mawonekedwe ndi m'mphepete mwazungulira. Mbali yam'mphepete mwa zipatsoyi imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Pakati pa chitumbuwa pali phokoso laling'ono. Mzere wa zipatso zofiira ndi wofooka kwambiri. Pamwamba mwa mabulosiwo muli chombo chophwanyika chophwanyika. Zipatso pakulemera kwake 4.1-4.9 magalamu.

Tengani mthunzi wamthunzi. Pulp burgundy ndi madzi oyera. Khungu ndi lofiira, lalikulu, koma limadya mosavuta. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kofewa. Chipatso cha chipatsocho chimakhala chochepa, kufika pa masentimita 4.

Maonekedwe a molunjika, kosospostavlennaya, woonda. Kulekanitsa kwa zipatso kuchokera pansi pa tsinde wouma - popanda kuwonongeka ndi kupasula. Maonekedwe a zipatsowo anali okwana 4.7 mfundo zisanu mwa zisanu.

Kulawa lokoma chitumbuwa, mopweteka pang'ono. Zosangalatsa kukoma kwa yamatcheri kunayikidwa pa 4.5 mfundo zisanu. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yolawa ndi yosangalatsa yokoma.

Kukoma kwakukulu kumasonyezanso ndi Black Large, Minx, Chocolate Girl ndi Shubinka.

Amaluwa Osiyanasiyana wotchedwa mchere. Koma iye akutchula chilengedwe chonse.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mousses, kusungira, kuikapo timadziti, compotes. Msuzi amawagwiritsa ntchito mu gastralgia ndi malungo. Chifukwa cha pang'ono cobalt, nickel, mkuwa ndi chitsulo, bwino zaumoyo ndi mapangidwe a magazi.

Chothandiza chimakhudza thupi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Zotsatira zabwino pamatumbo a m'mimba. Amachotsa ndodo za nitrogenous m'thupi la munthu. Ili ndi zinthu zamtundu. Zipatso zamkati zili ndi bactericidal zinthu.

Mwala wa zipatsowu uli ndi mthunzi wa kirimu, Masentimita 0,4 masentimita. Kutalika kumafikira mamita sentimita 6, m'lifupi mamita masentimita 0.5.

Anapatukana mwangwiro ndi zamkati. Nthiti za fupa zimawongolera, sizichititsa kudula m'kamwa.

Msoko wamphongo umakhala wabwino kwambiri, m'mimba muli phokoso-yosalala. Unyinji wa mwalawo umasiyana ndi 0,1 mpaka 0.20 magalamu. Kuchokera misa yamatcheri ndi 8-10%.

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro

Zosiyanasiyana ndizo Mitundu ya zomera zokha. Amatha kupukuta mungu pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yamaluwa yamtengo wa chitumbuwa ndi sing'anga, yatambasula m'kupita kwanthawi. Maluwa May 20-31. The pedicle ndi lalifupi kwambiri. Maluwawo ndi aang'ono, okoma kwambiri, odula 5 kapena 6 mu inflorescence imodzi.

Nkhumba ndi zazikulu, zowoneka bwino, zowonjezera. Kwa okhudzidwa bwino, osasunthika. Calyx imapitirira pamwamba, mzere wovemba, ili ndi pang'ono. Mtundu wa corolla ndi ovate-saucer. Masamba amapezeka pamwamba pa tsankho la pistil.

Chiwerengero cha stamens chifikira zidutswa 26. Ovary popanda fluff ndi velvet overcasting. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi zosakaniza.

Pereka yosakhazikika, pachaka, wapamwamba kwambiri. Zipatso za kucha kwachedwa. Kufika msinkhu kumayambiriro kwa August. Zipatso zokhala ndi nthawi imodzi yakucha. Berry ndi mvula yamkuntho imatha kugwedezeka.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ili ndi zokolola zabwino: Volochaevka, Vianok, Generous ndi Griot Moscow.

Fruiting imapezeka kwa zaka 4 kapena zisanu mutabzala kudula. Mtengo umodzi bwino kufalitsa mpaka zaka 35.

Kukonzekera kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 10 kilogalamu kuchokera pa mtengo umodzi. Kuchokera pa hekita imodzi ya zipatso zokolola kuchokera matani 10 mpaka 12 a zokolola.

Mtengo wa Cherry kulekerera chilala. Kutentha kwa frost ndiyomwe, kuchotsera madigiri 48 Celsius.

Kukaniza ku chisanu choopsa zobala zipatso impso nthawi yozizira - pafupifupi. Kukaniza kwa inflorescences ndi masamba kuti amphamvu frosts mu nyengo nyengo ndi pang'ono pamwamba pafupifupi.

Kuzizira kwa mizu kumafikira chizindikiro chachitatu.

Mbali yosiyana ya zosiyanasiyana ndi kubwezeretsa mwamsanga kwa mizu pambuyo yozizira koopsa kuchokera kuchisanu chachisanu chisanu.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Kufalitsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumachitika m'njira zonse zomwe zilipo.: cuttings, mphukira, miyala, ndi kukulumikiza. Njira yophweka ndi kubalana ndi zopangira. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June, wamaluwa akukonzekera mphukira. Sankhani khungu lofiira, loumitsidwa m'munsi.

Kutalika kwa mphukira kudulidwa kupitirira masentimita makumi atatu. Kudulira tokha kumachitika madzulo kapena m'mawa. Ndi bwino kusankha nyengo yozizira. Dulani mapesi mwamsanga anaikidwa m'madzi. Kuti kutuluka kwa mizu kugwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala opanga mphamvu.

Zokwanira bwino heteroauxin. 100 ml yankho kuchepetsedwa madzi ozizira ndi ethyl mowa. Cuttings amangiridwa ndi kuviikidwa mu chisakanizo 1 lita imodzi kwa maola khumi ndi atatu.

Kubatizidwa kwa mphukira yokha sikuyenera kupitirira 1.5 centimita. Pofuna kuteteza njirayi, mukhoza kugula mbande zokonzeka m'misika kapena misika.

Nthaka yobzala imakonzedwa pasadakhale. Zimatsatira kukumba, kuchotsa namsongole ndikupanga mawonekedwe a mabedi. Zosakanizidwa zidzaze peat ndi mchenga Kuthira kwa masentimita 10. Top kutsanulira mchenga wamphepete mwa mtsinje. Zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi zipangizozo ndipo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri.

Ndiye mukusowa madzi ambiri padziko lapansi ndi kudyetsa superphosphate - fetereza fetereza.

The cuttings obzalidwa vertically. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 7. Kuzama kwa kukwera - osapitirira masentimita atatu. Mitengo yam'tsogolo imadzazidwa ndi pulasitiki, yomwe imapereka chisamaliro ndi chitetezo ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Kwa mbande zazing'ono ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino. Patatha masiku 14 mutabzala, mizu yoyenera iyenera kuonekera mmera. Pambuyo masiku 30 - popanda mizu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Ali ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Sakani khola ku coccomycosis. Matenda ena a fungalesi, palibe zilonda zapadera zomwe zinawonedwa.

Malingana ndi deta yofufuza kuchokera ku Moscow Society of Testing Nature (MOIP), zosiyanasiyana Ashinskaya chitumbuwa chinali cholimbana kwambiri ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.

Dessert Morozova, Zhukovskaya, Igrushka ndi Lebedyanskaya akugonjetsanso matenda ena.

Palibenso zovulazidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kutsiliza Ashinskaya Cherry steppe ali kwambiri kukoma, yowutsa mudyo zipatso za kuwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani kuti akonze zowonjezera madzi, jams, mousses. Ali ndi mbewu yosakhazikika komanso yakucha nthawi yomweyo yamatcheri. Okonda wamaluwa kuti alimi odzichepetsa.

Kuberekera kumachitika m'njira zonse zomwe zilipo. Ali ndi chilema cholimba cha chilala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyana siyiyambitsa coccomycosis. Ikhoza kubereka zipatso 4 kapena 5 patapita zaka kudula. Ikhala ndi nthawi yayitali kusungidwa kwa matabwa - mpaka zaka 35. Amapezeka m'mayiko onse a Russia ndi a CIS.

Penyani kanema pa shrub (steppe) mitundu yamatcheri