Kuti musangalale ndi kukongola kwa gladioli kwa nyengo zingapo motsatana, kubzala kumafunika chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro. M'madera ambiri a Russia, nyengo yamaluwa awa ndi yolimba kwambiri, kotero chisanu choyamba chisanachitike, ayenera kukumbidwa ndikusungidwa kufikira nthawi yamasika. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa chisamaliro cha gladioli pakugwa komanso kukonzekera kwawo nyengo yachisanu.
Momwe mungasamalire gladioli pakugwa
Kutsirira kumaphatikizidwa ndikumasulira dothi losanjikiza, kulumikiza ndikumata kwa gladioli
M'dzinja, gladioluses safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Mitundu ya maluwa okhaokha ndiyofunika kuthiriridwa - chitani zidetso za 1.5-2 zotentha, zotetezedwa kale pamadzi okwanira mita imodzi yotseka. Pamodzi ndi kuthirira, nthaka yapamwamba imamasulidwa, kudulira ndi kulipira mbewu. Kutsirira kumayimitsidwa kumayambiriro yophukira musanakonzekere gladioli yozizira.
Kamodzi pa nyengo (koyambirira kwa Seputembala), maluwa ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate - 5 g ya chinthu pachidebe cha madzi. Mavalidwe apamwamba oterewa sangangopereka zakudya zofunikira zokha, komanso ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe angawononge tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi spores fungus.
Kukonzekera maluwa nyengo yachisanu
Kukonzekera gladioli nthawi yachisanu kumaphatikizapo kudulira maluwa, kukumba mababu ndikuwasunga mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsanso kukonza dothi m'dzinja ndi kulipangitsa kuti lizikhala ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Kudulira gladioli
Asanayambe chikondwerero choyamba, gladioli iyenera kudulidwa kuti isapezeke mphukira zazitali zosakwana 1-2 masentimita. Izi zidzateteza mababu kuti azisungirako nyengo yachisanu kuti isatenge matenda ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso kuwapatsa mwayi wopanga bwino ndikuchepetsa nthawi yowuma yobzala. Mchitidwewo umachitika ndi secateurs yoyera m'mawa kapena dzuwa litalowa, ndipo mbali zotsala za ma peduncle ziyenera kutha pansi pa masamba ambiri.
Amaloledwa kudula gawo la nthambi zamtchire musana kukumba mababu kapena pambuyo pake, koma ndibwino kuti mupangire kudulira.
Kukumba mbewu
Simungagwiritse ntchito manyowa kudyetsa gladioli - ingayambitse matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi
Kukumba mababu patatha mwezi umodzi maluwa atayamba kuoneka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera fosholo kapena pitchfork yokhala ndi mano osalala, ndipo njirayi imachitidwa bwino kwambiri nyengo yotentha - wokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, pamakhala chiopsezo chodumpha mababu ang'onoang'ono. Muyenera kukumba mosamala, kuti musawononge mababu a amayi ndi ana. Chidutswa chilichonse cha dothi chiziphwanyidwa ndikuyang'ana mababu, nsonga ya chida iyenera kuyikidwa pansi pansi patchire, ndipo chomera chakumbidwacho chikuyenera kutulutsidwa ndi masamba.
Kukonza
Atakumba mababu, amafunika kutsukidwa ndikatsalira dothi, kulekanitsa ana ndi toyesa zazikulu. Onetsetsani kuti mukugawa mbewu zofunikira kukula ndi mitundu - kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu sikulimbikitsidwa. Mutha kupita kuti mukabzalire wathanzi mababu athanzi osaposa zaka 4 zokha, ozungulira mawonekedwe - kutalika ndi mulifupi ayenera kukhala ofanana. Zowonongeka, zowola kapena zowoneka bwino ziyenera kutayidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi zokalamba.
Mababu osankhidwa amayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala opha tizilombo (potaziyamu permanganate, Maxim, Khom kapena sopo wamba wamba). Kuti mudziwe zitsanzo zapamwamba zomwe zidatsalira pambuyo pokana, muyenera kumiza mabatani mumtsuko wodzadza ndimadzi. Zomera zobzala, zomwe ndizoyenera kuzisunga ndikubzala pambuyo pake, zimamira m'madzi, ndipo zosafunikira zimakhala pamtunda.
Masamba atola mababu a gladioli kuwononga
Gawo lotsatira ndikuwonetsa mababu. Kutentha kwa 30 ℃, kumatenga masiku angapo, pa 20 ℃ - pafupifupi mwezi.
Kuteteza mababu kuti asayime ndikuwonongeka, ndibwino kuwayala - kuwatsitsa mu parafini wosungunuka kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako kuwalola kuti aponeke.
Kusunga Bulb
Mababu okonzedwa a gladioli amasungidwa m'matoni a makatoni kapena maukonde a masamba, ndikuyiyika kuti makope oyandikana asakhudze. Matumba apulasitiki osungirako sakhala oyenera, chifukwa amatchinga mpweya. Kuti muwatetezere ku bowa ndi chinyezi, mutha kuwaza zinthu zodzala ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena louma, kusakaniza ndi ufa, komanso kusunthika ndi cloves wa adyo. zotengera zimayikidwa m'malo abwino ndi kutentha kwa 3 mpaka 8 ℃ (firiji, cellar, glged loggia) ndipo zimasunthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ziwonongeke komanso kuwonongeka.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Mu nthawi yophukira, muyenera kukonzekera nthaka kuti nthawi yobzala ya masika gladioli. Malowa akuyenera kuyeretsa namsongole, kukumba m'mitundu iwiri ya fosholo ndikuthira manyowa, kutengera ndi nthaka. Gawo lokhala ndi asidi wambiri limatha kusinthidwa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu, humus kapena kompositi ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa pamchenga. Ndikofunika kudyetsa nthaka ndi zosakaniza za phosphorous kapena potaziyamu - theka la kapu ya superphosphate pa lalikulu mita imodzi ndi kotala chikho cha potaziyamu chloride kapena mchere wa potaziyamu.
Zambiri za chisamaliro cha nyundo cha gladioli m'magawo osiyanasiyana
Mtundu wonyentchera kwambiri pakati penipeni pa Russia ndi shperedchaty fennel
Mababu a gladioli ndiwosakhwima kwambiri ndipo samalekerera kutentha pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti azikumba zisanakhazikike pansi. Ngati njirayi ikuchitika molawirira kwambiri, kubzala sikungapangike bwino komanso kukhanda, chifukwa chake mwina sikungamere mu nyengo yotsatira.
Muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi nyengo za m'derali. Gladioli ayenera kufufutidwa patatha masiku 30-50 patatha ma inflorescence kufota, koma osati kale kuposa mwezi. M'madera akumpoto, njirayi imagwiridwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kumwera - koyambirira kapena pakati pa Okutobala.
Kumagawo akumwera kwa Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Crimea), mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu siyingakidwe, koma itakula ngati zipatso zosatha. M'nyengo yozizira amangophimbidwa ndi masamba kapena masamba owuma, koma m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira amatha kuwuma. Mitundu yolimbana ndi nyengo yozizira ndi monga Byzantine gladiolus ndi gladiolus wothinitsidwa.
Mababu okonzedwa bwino amasungidwa popanda mavuto onse nthawi yozizira, ndipo nyengo yotsatira akhoza kubzalidwa pansi ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwa maluwa obiriwira.
