Chokeberry, kapena chokeberry chokeberry, kamodzi pachaka, pakugwa, amatembenuka kapezi, komwe kumapangitsa chidwi chake ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Kuphatikiza apo, chokeberry ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira - kumasulira kolondola kwa dzina la mtengowo kuchokera ku Chi Greek kumamveka ngati "zipatso zakuda zabwino."
Mbiri yakulima
Aronia chokeberry, yemwe amadziwika kuti chokeberry kapena, mwa anthu wamba, chokeberry, kwenikweni alibe chochita ndi phulusa lamapiri, awa ndi magulu osiyana am'banja limodzi. Maonekedwe onse a thupi, kapangidwe kazinthu zopanga mankhwala ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe zimasiyanitsa chokeberry ndi phulusa wamba. Aronia anali yekhayekha mu mtundu wina mu 1935.
Chokeberry chokeberry, wotchedwa chokeberry, alibe chochita ndi phulusa lamapiri kupatula zipatso zofanana
M'mbuyomu, chokeberry adakula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja kum'mawa kwa North America, komwe mitundu ya mitengo ya shrub imapezeka. Ku Europe, chokeberry adawonetsedwa ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsera mpaka m'ma 1800, ndi I.V. Michurin anazindikira kudzimana kwa chokeberry. Adapanga mtundu wina wa chokeberry - chokeberry cha Michurin, chomwe chidapezeka podutsa chokeberry ndi phulusa lomwelo.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa ya I.V. Michurin ndi kusachita zachilengedwe kwa chokeberry palokha, chikhalidwe chafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Aronia yakula bwino ku Ukraine, Kazakhstan, mayiko a Baltic ndi Belarus. Dera la Russia limapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitengo komanso nkhalango, ndilofala kwambiri m'dera la Volga, dera la Central ndi North Caucasus, limalimidwa ku Urals, ku Siberia. Amalimidwa pamsika wamafuta ku Altai.
Aronia chokeberry assortment
Aronia chokeberry ndi chipatso ndi mabulosi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa mitundu kukukulirakulira. Chifukwa chake pakadali pano, kuphatikiza mitundu yam'nyumba, palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakuFinishi, Chipolishi, Chidanishi ndi Chiswidi.
Ngale yakuda
Zosiyanasiyana zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zilime mu nyengo iliyonse yamtunda. Ichi ndi chitsamba chamtali, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kupangidwe kwamphamvu kwa mphukira komanso kutalika kwa 3 m. Danga la korona limatha kufika mamita 2. Makungwa a mphukira zazing'ono amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira pang'ono, womwe umasowa chaka chachiwiri, ndikusinthidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wa imvi. Maluwa okongola. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu (zolemera imodzi mpaka 1,2 g), zofiirira-zakuda, zokutira ndi utoto wokuyera. Chipatsocho chimakoma wowawasa, wowonda pang'ono.
Zipatso za chokeberry chokeberry zosiyanasiyana Black ngale wokoma wowawasa, pang'ono pang'ono kutengera kukoma
Viking
Zosankha zamitundu mitundu zaku Finland. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ake ofanana ndi chitumbuwa. M'dzinja, amakhala wachikasu-burgundy. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa makumi awiri oyera ngati pinki omwe amatulutsa maluwa mu Meyi. Zipatso za mtundu wa anthracite, wozungulira, wozungulira mainchesi osapitirira 1 cm, kucha kwamphamvu kumachitika koyambirira. Aronia Viking ndi mtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri womwe umatha kukhala gawo popanga mawonekedwe.
Mitundu ya Viking imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ofanana ndi zipatso.
Nero
Zosiyanasiyana zazikuluzikulu zosankhidwa ku Germany. Aronia Nero ndi yaying'ono, ndi kukula kwa shrub mpaka 2 m, koma imasiyana mu kukula msanga - Kukula kwapachaka kumakhala pafupifupi 0.3-0.5 m. Nthambi ndi yolimba. Ma inflorescence ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Masamba akuwundana ndi nthawi yophukira. Zipatso zolemera 1-1.2 g, zophatikizidwa mumitundu yambiri kuposa mabrashi amtundu wina, wamtambo wakuda. Chimakoma, chokoma. Kucha kwakukulu kumachitika mu Ogasiti - Seputembara. Zosiyanasiyana ndi imodzi mwazosagwira kwambiri.
Aronia Nero ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yoletsa chisanu kwambiri
Wamaso akuda
Chokeberry Aronia ndi wodalitsika, wosasintha komanso wosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, wotchuka chifukwa chokana matenda osiyanasiyana. Zipatso ndizokulungika, mpaka 1 cm m'mimba mwake, ziphuphu kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mtundu wocheperako wa mitundu yonse ya chokeberries. Wolemba amadziwika kuti amaweta T.K. Poplavskaya.
Chernookaya osiyanasiyana akuti adabadwa T.K. Poplavskaya
Hugin
Zosankha zingapo zaku Sweden. Kutalika kwa tchire mpaka mamita 2. Masamba pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo kuchokera pamdima wobiriwira amasintha kukhala ofiira owala. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zonyezimira, zokhala ndi khungu lakuda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufikire kudulira mosamala kuti musataye kukongoletsa.
Hugin - mitundu yosankhidwa ya Sweden
Aron
Mitundu yosankhidwa ndi uchi. Dongosolo la zipatso limafikira 1 cm, kucha kwambiri kumawonedwa theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti - September woyamba. Ma inflorescence ndi mitundu yamaluwa oyera okhala ndi stamens ofiira.
Aron - uchi wosiyanasiyana wowotcha ku Denmark
Nadzeya ndi Venis
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya obereketsa ku Belarayo idaphatikizidwa ndi State Record of Belarus mu 2008. Tchireli limakhala lalifupi, limafalikira, silikufuna mitundu yoyendetsa mungu. Kulowetsa zipatso kumalembedwa zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumakhala pafupifupi 1.3 g. Zipatsozo zimakhala zowulungika pang'ono, zophatikizidwa 18 zidutswa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Venis ndi Nejey imagwirizana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo.
Venis Aronia sifunikira mitundu yoyendetsa mungu
Tikufika
Mwambiri, mbewuyo siyikakamiza zofunikira panthaka; imakhala bwino ndipo imabala zipatso panthaka zonse. Zosiyanazo ndi dothi lamchere. Maluwa opaka bwino kwambiri komanso zipatso zambiri amawonekera pamiyala yonyowa yodontha mosakhudzidwa. Dongosolo la chokoberry chakuda sichimakhala chozama kupitirira 0,6 m, motero pansi panthaka sikukhudza chikhalidwe.
Aronia sakukhudzika ndikuchokera munthaka
Aronia, wakula ngati nthomba (mtengo wolekanitsidwa) uyenera kubzalidwa poganizira kukula kwake - mamitala atatu kuchokera pamalo obzala zitsamba ndi mitengo. Mukamapangira hedge, mbande zimabzalidwa 0,5 m uliwonse.
Monga zipatso zilizonse zipatso ndi mabulosi, chokoberry chakuda chili ndi masiku awiri obzala: kasupe (mpaka masiku omaliza a Epulo) ndi nthawi yophukira (kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka Novembala).
- Tikuchuluka mchaka. Dothi losakanikirana, zidebe za humus, 0,3 kg za phulusa ndi 015 makilogalamu a superphosphate zimayikidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera kuyeza 0.5 x 0.5 m pakuya kwa 1/3. Kenako gawo lapansi lachonde limawonjezera theka lakuya ndipo malita 10 amadzi amathiridwa. Mmera wakhazikika, mizu imagawidwanso pansi. Pakubwezeretsa mpando, ndikofunikira kuwunika nthawi zonse kuti muzu wamtchire sunayikidwe kwambiri pansi (mtengo wololedwa ndi 2 cm). 10 L lamadzi limathiridwa m'malo ophatikizika pafupi mbiya ndipo masentimita 5-10 a mulching amazitsanulira. M'dzenjemo musanabzike, mutha kukhomera msomali womangira chitsamba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufupikitsa mphukira ndi 1/3, ndikusiya masamba 4-5 pachilichonse.
- Kubzala kwa Autumn sikusiyana kwambiri ndi masika. Komabe, alimi ambiri amakonda, chifukwa mbewuyo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ipulumuke, osati pakupanga ndi kukonza masamba, yomwe imatsimikizira kutukuka kwamphamvu mu nyengo yotsatira.
Werengani zambiri za kubzala m'nkhaniyi: Timabzala chokeberry chokeberry molondola.
Kuswana
Chitsamba chimafalikira ngati mbali zobala zipatso: muzu wobala, wobiriwira komanso wokhomeka, kudula chitsamba, kumezanitsa - ndi michere, ndiye mbewu. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofesa mbewu ndi kufalitsa kudzera kudula.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbeu za Chokeberry zimachotsedwa mu zipatso zakupsa pomazipukusa kudzera mu sume. Kenako amizidwa m'madzi kuti achotse zamkati zomwe zatsala.
Mbewu zodzala zimatengedwa ku zipatso za chokeberry
Asanabzala, ndikofunikira kuchita kukonzekera kufesa kwa mbewu - stratization. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zosambitsidwa zimayikidwa mu chidebe chamchenga wamchenga (1: 3), kenako zimayikidwa m'bokosi lamasamba la firiji. Mchenga pomwe mbeu zimasungidwa uyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse. Kuvuta kwa njirayi kumakhala kuti mbewu zimatha kumamatira, ndiye kuti kutentha kwake kumakhala kofunika kutsitsidwa mpaka 0 ºC.
Njira yofikira ndi motere:
- Mbewu zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo m'mapulo okhala ndi kuya kwa masentimita 6-8, kenako zimasindikizidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi chilichonse mulching.
- Pambuyo pakuwoneka masamba awiri owona pambewu, zimadulidwa, ndikusiya masentimita atatu pakati pa mbewu.
- Masamba 4-5 akaonekera pa mmera, malowo amawadula kuti masentimita 6 akhalebe pakati pa mbande.
- Chotsatira cham'mawa, kupatulira komaliza kumachitika, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbeu zazing'ono uzikhala pafupifupi 10 cm.
- Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri, mbewuzo zakonzeka kuzokhalira kumalo okhazikika.
Mukukula, bedi lokhala ndi mbande limasulidwa nthawi zonse, kuthiriridwa madzi, ndi namsongole kuchotsedwa, omwe ndiwo mpikisano waukulu wa mitengo yokhapana yolimbana ndi michere. Kamodzi (kasupe) m'tsogolo chodzala ndi zinthu zothira feteleza pothira slurry.
Kuswana kwakubala
Kufalitsa kwa chomera m'njira yopanga zipatso (magawo mphukira, mbadwa, masharubu, kugawa chitsamba) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza. Mu kubereka, nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zonse za chomera zimasungidwa, pomwe zili m'mbewu, izi ndizosowa kwambiri.
Kufalitsa ndi zodula zitha kuchitidwa m'njira ziwiri, kutengera mtundu wa zodulidwa.
Gome: Zofunikira pakubzala chokeberry chokeberry
| Zodulidwa zodulidwa | Zodulidwa zobiriwira | |
| Zodula zofunika | Zidula 15-20 masentimita (5-6 masamba), odulidwa pakati pakati pa mphukira zampangidwe bwino wazaka ziwiri kapena zinayi. Gawo lakumwambalo limapindika kwa impso, mzere wowongoka wapansi uli pansi pa diso lomwe. | Zidula 10-15 masentimita kutalika kwa apical mbali za mphukira. Masamba otsika amachotsedwa kwathunthu, masamba atatu apamwamba amafupikitsidwa ndi wachitatu. M'munsi mwa kudula, kudula zingapo kumapangidwa pa khungwa, kumtunda - (pansi pa impso). |
| Migwirizano yogula | Hafu yachiwiri ya Seputembala | Juni |
| Zofunikira zofunikira | Denga la mchenga wosalala woyeretsedwa wa 15 cm, womwe ndi dothi loyera | Sakanizani dimba lamtunda ndi kompositi ndi phulusa |
| Zofunikira zachilengedwe | Optimum kutentha 20 ° C, chinyezi chokhazikika | |
| Kubzala ndi kupanga mizu | Tikugoneka wowonjezera kutentha. Kapangidwe kake kamene kali pamtunda ndi 45º. Mtunda pakati pa odulidwa ndi osachepera 10-12 cm. | Tikugoneka wowonjezera kutentha. Asanabzale, kudula kwa maola 8 kumatsitsidwa mu mizu yopanga mizu (mwachitsanzo, Kornevin). Kapangidwe kake kamene kali pamtunda ndi 45º. Mtunda pakati pa odulidwa ndi 4 cm. |
| Samalirani kudula | Chinyezi chadongosolo chokhazikika, kumasula dothi, kulima bwino kwa namsongole, kuyambitsa mbande pakufunika | |
| Thirani | Kubzala zodula poyera zimachitika masiku khumi, kupita kumalo okhazikika m'dzinja la chaka chachiwiri. | |
Ana obzala
Aronia chokeberry - chikhalidwe chomwe chimapanga mizu yolimba chogwiritsa ntchito pofesa mbewuyo.
Mphukira imasiyanitsidwa ndi fosholo yakuthwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi pamodzi ndi mizu. Mfuti zimadulidwa kuti zikhale ndi masamba a 2-4.
Kusamalira zodzala ngati izi sikusiyana nkomwe posamalira mbande zilizonse: nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kumasula dothi, kusunga ukhondo pamtengo wozungulira ndikuthirira nthawi zonse.
Kuyika
Mchitidwewo umachitika mchilimwe, pomwe dothi lomwe lili pansi pamalowo limakumbidwa mpaka pakuya 15 cm. Kuti mubereke, mphukira zolimba za chaka chatha zimasankhidwa, zomwe zimapinda pansi ndikukhazikika ndi ma hairpins. Tsinani pamwamba pa mphukira. Kusamalira kugawa kwamtsogolo ndikofanana ndi chomera chachikulire: Kupalira kwa maudzu, kuthirira nthawi yake.
Kuti mupeze zigawo, mphukirayo imagwada pansi ndikukhazikika ndi ma Stud
Mphukira zatsopano zikafika kutalika kwa 12 cm, zimayenera kuwazidwa ndi humus. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo pamene ikukula. Patulani chomera chamtunduwu ndikulimbikitsidwa kasupe wotsatira.
Gawo logawa
Aronia chokeberry amadziwika ndi mizu yopanda malire, mizu yayitali kwambiri imawonedwa pakuya kwa pafupifupi 0.6 m mozungulira. Mu Epulo, mbewuyo imakumbidwa ndikugawidwa kotero kuti chomera chilichonse chatsopano chimakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono ndi mphukira zingapo zatsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mphukira zokhudzana ndi zaka, ndipo malo odula mizu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi malasha osweka.
Kubala kumachitika mu maenje okonzedweratu, pansi pomwe osakanikirana ndi humus ndi superphosphate amaikidwa. Nthawi iliyonse yatsopano ya chokeberry sayenera kukhala pafupi ndi 2 m kupita kwina. Kwakukulu, njira zodzala ndi kusamalira magawo sizosiyana ndi njira zolerera za mbande.
Katemera
Chokolera chimapatsidwa katemera, nthawi yopuma isanayambe. Monga katundu, mbande zazing'ono za phulusa la kumapiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Choyera chimapangidwa pa scion m'malo mwa kudula ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Mphukira yachinsinsi imadulidwa moyang'anana, pambuyo pake malo omwe amadulawo amaphatikizidwa kwambiri momwe angathere ndikukulungidwa mwamphamvu ndi zinthu zotanuka.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti kukulunga ndi bulawuzi wokutira ndi pulasitiki kuti apange kutentha. Pambuyo masiku pafupifupi 30, filimuyo imachotsedwa.
Kanema: Katemera wa Aronia chokeberry
Chisamaliro
Pokhala mbewu yobala zipatso, chokeberry safuna chisamaliro chapadera: kuvala kwapamwamba panthawi yake kuti chithandizireko, kudulira koyenera kuti mupewe kulimba kwa korona, komanso njira zopewera matenda othana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Ntchito feteleza
Chitsimikizo cha zokolola zochulukirapo kuvala kwamtundu wanthawi zonse. Chokoberry chomera panthaka yachonde pafupifupi sichikufunika feteleza, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera 50 g ya ammonium nitrate m'chaka ndikubwezeretsani bwalo ndi feteleza wa organic ngati mulching zida (manyowa, kompositi, kapena humus).
Ammonium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito masika ngati feteleza wa chokeberry.
Zomera pamadothi osauka zimayenera kukonzedwanso mukadzadyetsa masika. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse cha aronia zimapereka:
- Chidebe cha mullein matope mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 5.
- Chidebe cha dontho la mbalame mu chiyerekezo cha 1:10.
M'dzinja, mutakolola, mbewuyo imaphatikizidwa ndi phulusa la 0,5 l la phulusa la nkhuni ndi 100 g ya superphosphate.
Kudulira
Aronia chokeberry amakonda kukulitsa korona, amene amachepetsa lochuluka. Popanda kudula, imakula ndikukula, ndikupanga zipatso pokhapokha mphukira, zomwe zimaponya dontho. Kudulira pafupifupi mitengo yonse yazipatso ndi zitsamba zimachitika pawiri: nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira.
Choke Trim scheme
Mu nthawi yophukira, mbande zazing'ono za chokeberry zimadulidwa kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamita 01. Chaka chotsatira, mphukira zingapo zolimba zimasankhidwa mu mphukira zomwe zimawoneka, zimapikidwira kumtunda womwewo, ndipo zina zotsalazo zimachotsedwa. Njirayi imabwerezedwanso pachaka mpaka chiwerengero chokwanira pofika khumi.
Pofuna kupewa kuphatikizika kwa korona, kuchepa kwa mphindikati kumachitika nthawi zambiri, kumayesedwa kuphatikiza ndi zaukhondo: onse odwala, opanda mphamvu kapena owuma, mphukira zotsika mtengo zomwe zipatso sizimamangidwa, komanso zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona, zimachotsedwa.
Chokeberry choke ikuyenera kukonzedwa chaka chilichonse
Amakhulupirira kuti zipatso mu chokeberry zimangopezeka kokha panthambi zochepera zaka 8.Nthambi zomwe zimafikira zaka zino zimayenera kuchotsedwa pachitsamba, kudula pafupi kwambiri, m'malo mwa nthambi yotere ndikofunika kusiya masamba angapo olimba kuchokera muzu. Chaka chilichonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zina zofananira 2-3, ndikupangitsanso chitsamba. Kuphatikiza apo, tchire zakubadwa zimatha kudulira. Chitsamba chonse chimadulidwa kumunsi kwa nthambi, ndiye kuti, "wobzalidwa pachitsa." Kasupe wotsatira, kuchokera pa mphukira yomwe ikubwera, kuumba kumayamba, ngati kamwana kakang'ono.
Kudulira kwina kwaukhondo kumachitika mukakolola. Nthawi imeneyi, nthambi zonse zosweka, zopindika kapena zodwala zimachotsedwa. Magawo a nthambi zazikulu amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo chamtunda kapena makala opera pamoto kuti matenda asalowe m'zomera.
Kupangika kwa choko mu mbiya imodzi
Aronia chokeberry - mbewu yomwe poyambilira inkawoneka ngati chitsamba, yopanga mizu mizu yambiri. Kupatsa chokeberry mawonekedwe ang'ono a mtengo, mphukira zonse za mphukira, kupatula wamphamvu kwambiri, zimachotsedwa. Chaka chilichonse, masamba angapo apical amasiyidwa pamwamba pa mtsogoleriyu. Pambuyo pa tsinde kuti lifikire kutalika komwe kukufunikira, malo okukula pamwamba pa mphukowo amachotsedwa, omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi nthambi ina. M'tsogolomu, gwirani ntchito pakupanga korona.
Kapangidwe ka tsinde ndi akatswiri ambiri sikulimbikitsidwa, ngakhale kuti chikhalidwecho chimalekerera kuchepa: chochitika choterechi ndichotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha chokeberry palokha.
Kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo
Chokeberry amaonedwa kuti ndi wosagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuphatikizana kwa tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi sitingatenge matenda aliwonse. Komabe, nyengo zanyengo, kuyandikira kwa mbewu zomwe zili ndi matendawa komanso ukadaulo woletsa kuwerenga zingayambitse kufooka kwa mbewu, zomwe zingakhudze chitetezo chake.
Monga prophylaxis, tchire limathandizidwa ndi 1% ya Bordeaux yamadzimadzuwa asanatseguke, mu kugwa, chithandizo chobwerezedwanso ndi kukonzekera komweko kapena 7% urea yovomerezeka.
Monga kupewa mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, chokeberry amathandizidwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yophukira tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mosamala ndikuwotcha mphukira zowonongeka komanso zodwala, chotsani ma lichens ndi makulidwe alionse kuchokera pakhungwa, chotsani zinyalala zamiyala ndi scavenger, ndikukumba dothi lozungulira. Kupalira ndi kuwononga namsongole, kusanthula komanga ndi zinyalala zina kungathandizenso kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda obzala m'munda.
Tizilombo Tchakudya
Zomera zambiri zamtchire ndi tchire m'mundamo zimapezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chokeberry, ndipo izi zimawonjezera chiwopsezo. Pali mitundu 20 ya tizilombo ndi nkhupakupa zomwe zimatha kukhala pa aronia.
Gome: Tizilombo Tizilombo ndi Kuteteza Tizilombo
| Tizilombo | Kufotokozera | Njira zolimbana |
| Hawthorn | Gulugufe wamasiku owala okhala ndi mapiko otalika kufika masentimita 7. Zipatso za kachilombo kameneka chimadya masamba a mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba, ntchito yawo imachitika mchaka, kutupira. Makungu a hawthorns amawadya, atatha kufalikira masamba ang'onoang'ono, maluwa nawonso amavutika. Pakati pa chilimwe, mazira amayikidwa (kuyikidwa kwa gulugufe imodzi pa nyengo pafupifupi mazira 500) - kuyika nthawi zambiri kumapezeka kumtunda kwa masamba. Kufalikira kwa namsongole wamaluwa m'mundamo kumathandizira kuchuluka kwa hawthorn. | Monga njira yoletsera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewuyo ifafanizidwe ndi tizirombo tisanafike maluwa (mwachitsanzo, Zolon, Neksion), ndi Nitrafen azitsatira masamba asadaphuke. |
| Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe | Chikumbu chomwe chimadya masamba a chokeberry. | Monga njira zopewera, chithandizo chomera ndi Karbofos kapena Chlorophos chimaperekedwa. |
| Cherry wowoneka bwino | Mphutsi, zomwe poyamba zimagwiritsa ntchito zipatso, zimavulaza. Amadya masamba kwambiri, kusiya masamba ochepa okha. Masamba owonongeka amapindika, kuwuma ndi kugwa. Chiwonetsero cha zochitika nthawi zambiri chimachitika pa 20 Julayi, pomwe mphutsi zamtundu (mphutsi za machewa nthawi yachisanu mu zinyalala zamasamba, zimayamba kugunda mu Meyi ndikuyika mazira mu June). Chingwe chachikulire chachikazi chimayika mazira pafupifupi 75 pachaka. | Ngati matenda atapezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera tchire ndi yankho la 0.2% ya Chlorofos kapena Karbofos, kuthiririra bwino ndi yankho la 0.7% la phulusa la koloko. Kubwezeretsanso kumalimbikitsidwa tsiku lililonse la 7-10. |
| Rowan Moth | Tizilombo ta mibadwo iwiri. Makungu oyamba, otulutsa kapeti yopyapyala, amaluka maluwa angapo ku inflorescence, omwe amadyapo asanapume ntchito (masamba awuma nthawi yayitali). Kulimbirana kwa mbozizi kumachitika kumapeto kwa Juni kapena kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo kutuluka kwa akuluakulu, kuyikira mazira zipatso zabwino (1 dzira kuchokera ku gulugufe 1). Mapeto a Julayi - kuyambira kwa Ogasiti ndi nthawi yakuwonekera kwa mbozi zotsogola zomwe zimadya zipatso zoluka. | Mwezi wa Meyi, chithandizo chokhala ndi 0,2% Chlorophos kapena Karbofos chimachotsa tizirombo 95%. |
| Green apulosi aphid | Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timayamwa, mpaka kukula kwakukulu kwa 2.5 mm. Tizilombo timadyera tating'onoting'ono ta masamba achichepere, ndichifukwa chake amafulumira kuzimiririka. Mbande zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma aphid. | Munthawi yomwe maluwa akutulutsa maluwa, mbewu zimagwiridwa ndi Karbofos kapena Nitrafen. |
| Phulusa la kumapiri ndi njenjete ya apulo | Gulugufe amadya zipatso za chitsamba, zomwe zimasanduka zosatheka, zomwe zimachepetsa zipatso. | Monga prophylaxis, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa zinyalala zamasamba, kukumba bwalo lozungulira, ndikuchotsanso lichens ndi mosses ku mitengo ikuluikulu. Kuchiza ndi zobwezeretsa tizilombo (mwachitsanzo Nitrafen) kumathandizanso kokha ku mbozi zazing'ono. |
| Red apulo ndi bulauni zipatso nthata | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timakudya mwachangu pakutupa kwa impso komanso kuwoneka masamba ang'onoang'ono. Mukukonzekera kusungunuka, zimapindika, zomwe zimapatsa nthambi za chokeberry ndalama. | Kuti muwononge nkhupakupa, ndikofunikira kusintha mankhwala pafupipafupi, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kukhala ndi chinthu chimodzi. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse masamba adagwa ndikumakumba dothi lozungulira. |
| Chipatso cha Sapwood | Bark kachilomboka kutalika kwa 4 mm, ndikuyamba kuwuluka mu June. Imagona mphutsi ndipo zimadutsa mosadukiza pakati pa khungwa ndi mtengo. Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino chokhala malo okhala ndi mabowo omwe awonekera pamiyendo ndi nthambi zazikulu, zokutidwa ndi pobowola. | Monga prophylaxis, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula nthambi zouma ndikuzula mbewu zakufa, kuzichitira munthawi yake kuchokera ku tizirombo tina tomwe timafooketsa mbewuyo (sapwoods zimangodzala mbewu zowonongeka zokha, momwe timatulutsa tomwe timalephera). Kuphatikiza apo, adani a kachilomboka ndi opanga nkhuni, tini, nuthatch, ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo (kuchokera pa okwera gulu). |
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: tizirombo ta chokeberry
- Gulugufe ndi mbozi wa hawthorn amadya impso
- Green apple aphid makamaka imawopseza achinyamata mbande
- Kuchokera phulusa la phulusa laphiri lothandizira masika mankhwala othandizira
- Mafuta a Mining a Apple Amadya Chokeberry
- Chipatso cha mitengo yazipatso chimangomera zokha zowonongeka
- Tizilombo ta Weevil timadya masamba
- Cherry wowoneka bwino koyamba amagwirizana pa chitumbuwa
- Kubera zipatso zipatso kumayamba kusakhazikika mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Ndi mbozi zokha zomwe zimasokonekera zimakhudzidwa
Matenda a Choke
Kulowetsa chomera ndi kachilombo kalikonse komanso kachilomboka kazilumikizidwe. Tizilombo tosowa tulo timatha kukhazikika pamalingaliro opanda chidwi, athanzi. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya matenda nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu chokeberry aronia:
- Kubola kwazizindikiro ndi chizindikiro chotsatira ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma bowa a uchi. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotcha ndi muzu, pochotsa dothi ndi fungicides. Kupanga tchire lokha ndi 1% Bordeaux yamadzimadzi ndi fungicides iliyonse.
- Moniliosis - zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zipatso zimawonda, kenako ndikumasulira ndi pang'ono pang'ono kukhalabe panthambi. Zipatso zilizonse zokhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda ziyenera kuwonongeka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mitengo yomwe ili ndi matendawa ndi njira za Bordeaux fluid kapena mkuwa wa sulfate.
- Septoria - masamba odwala adaphimbidwa mu Julayi ndi mawanga a bulauni okhala ndi malire amdima, gawo lamkati lomwe "limagwa" patapita nthawi, ndikupanga mabowo. Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira, masamba agwa amachotsedwa pamtengo wozungulira ndikuwotchedwa. Kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira, dothi pansi pa zomerazo ndi tchire la chokeberry palokha amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid.
- Maonekedwe a bulauni - matendawa amadziwoneka ngati amtundu wa bulauni pamasamba, omwe amapanga purashi yoyera pansi. Masamba owonongeka kwambiri nkuuma. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchiritsa tchire ndi 1% Bordeaux yamadzimadzi, ndikuwononga zinyalala zamasamba.
- Bacterial necrosis (khansa ya cortical) - Aronia amakhudzidwa ndi necrosis pafupipafupi kuposa zipatso zamwala. Imadziwoneka ngati gawo la zigawo zokulira ndi kugwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Madera onse okhudzidwa ayenera kutsukidwa 8-10 cm pansipa zowonongeka, zotetezedwa, kuthandizidwa ndi var vars. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa kwambiri limadulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
- Dzimbiri ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komwe ndi malo achikasu, kumbuyo kwake (mbali yamunsi ya tsamba) spores amapezeka. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonongeka, ngati zinyalala zamasamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira, zitsamba za chokeberry zimathandizidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid.
- Powdery mildew ndimatenda obisika omwe amakhudza mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba. Ndi zokutira yoyera, yomwe imadetsedwa ndi nyundo. Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira m'minda yokhazikika; yonyowa, nyengo yotentha imathandizira kukula. Mankhwala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la sulufule ya colloidal kumachitika.
- Chisa ndi bowa wofowoka, wachikaso, komanso lotuwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikilo cha kuwola kwamizu. Ngati matupi a bowa apezeka, tchire limathandizidwa kawiri pa nyengo ndi njira za Bordeaux fluid kapena mkuwa sulfate.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Matenda a Aronia
- Nthata zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri zimawonongedwa
- Powdery mildew ndiowopsa kwa mphukira zazing'ono
- Zipatso zonse zokhala ndi zizindikiro za moniliosis zimawonongedwa
- Zizindikiro zokhala ndi masamba a bulauni wamtambo ndi malo ang'onoang'ono.
- Kuphika kwa bowa pamizere ndichizindikiro cha kuzika kwamizu
- Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda a Septoria ndi mawanga a bulauni okhala ndi malire amdima.
- Bacteria necrosis imawoneka ngati ndikulira ndi kugwa kwamakungwa
Zomwe zimachitika mu zigawo
Kuwona kwa chokeberry omwe ali m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo akuwonetsa kuti ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri pazotsatira izi:
- kumpoto - ku Leningrad, Novgorod, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, in Gorno-Altaysk;
- kum'mwera, malowa ndi ochepa ku Kursk, Voronezh, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg.
Dera la Moscow
Njira zokulira matendawa m'matawuni amasiyana pang'ono kukula m'chigawo chapakati. Dera ili limakhala nyengo yovuta, pomwe chokeberry amawonetsa zipatso zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yam'derali ndi yofunda kwambiri kuposa Siberia. Zimaoneka ngati chipale chofewa chokhacho chomwe chingakhale ngozi, popeza mizu ya chokeberry imayamba kuzizira pa kutentha kwa -11 ° C. Mwa alimi omwe ali pafupi ndi Moscow, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri: Chernookaya, Nero, Dubrovice, Viking.
Siberia, Urals ndi Yakutia
Mawu oyambitsa chikhalidwe cha zitsamba m'derali adachitidwa ndi a M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture ku Siberia.
Aronia chokeberry amatha kupilira kutentha kwa -30-35 ° C, komwe kumalola kukula mu nkhanza zaku Siberia. Pofuna kupewa kuzizira kwa mphukira pamwamba pamlingo wa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwapinde pansi nyengo yachisanu isanachitike (yochitidwa kumadera a Petrozavodsk, Vologda, Perm, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk ndi Barnaul). Komabe, muyenera kuwunika mosamala kuyambitsa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, komwe sikungalole tchire kukonzekera nthawi yachisanu munthawi yake, ndipo, motero, kudzatsogolera kuzizira kapena kufa kwa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, chokeberry m'derali amakhudzidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni. Kucha zipatso kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Aronia chokeberry wakula momasuka ku Altai ndi Siberia
Ukraine ndi Belarus
Ku Ukraine, chokoberry chakuda chimalimidwa ku Donetsk, South-West komanso madera ena. Chikhalidwe chokwanira chikukula ku Kazakhstan komanso pafupifupi ku Belarus. Aronia, wamkulu ku Ukraine, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala tosakhazikika m'magawo ena - kachilomboka, kachiromboka, ndi kachiromboka. Kukucha kumachitika mu Seputembala, kukolola kungachedwe kufikira kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Ku Ukraine, akatswiri ena awona chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito chokeberry m'mayendedwe okongola.
Ku Belarus, malo athunthu a minda ya aronia ndi oposa mahekitala 400. Mitundu yam'deralo ya Venis ndi Nadzey imawonedwa ngati yovuta kwambiri. Kukucha kumayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti.
Ndemanga
Komabe, ndizolekerera kwambiri kuposa momwe tafotokozera. Penumbra si vuto kwa iye. Tiyerekeze, ngati kuli dzuwa pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, ndiye kuti kukolola ndikofunikira. Kwa mbewu, makamaka, kusakhalapo kwa chinyezi ndizofunikira. Zomwe zimafunikira sikungothirira, koma chinyezi chosatha, ngakhale chomera chachikulire. Famuyi imakhala m'malo otsika kwambiri malowa, mderalo. Zokolola zimakhalapo nthawi zonse. Ndikwabwino kusiyala pafupi ndi dimba chifukwa ndiowononga. Wamphamvu komanso wolimba pamasewera.
Wanyumba//www.botanichka.ru/blog/2017/01/09/aroniya-chernoplodnaya-sovsem-ne-ryabina/
Ndipo chokoberry wakuda amangondipulumutsa kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, chinthu chokha choti mudikire ndi pomwe masamba amatuluka pang'ono pang'ono kasupe ... Ndipo ndi. Khoma. Pofika mita pafupifupi 2.5.
Roberta//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/14964/page-2
M'dziko lathu, chokeberry (mitundu yosadziwika) imamera ngati mitengo yopanda, pa tsinde, koma popanda katemera. Zidachitika mwangozi: mutabzala masamba okumbikawo (anali okwera kwambiri), amatenga nsonga, mitengo ikuluikulu kusiya, kupitilira, nthambi zokhazo. Chimakula ngati ambulera. Mnansi wanga ku dacha amakula ngati tsinde; adabzala nthambi ya chokeberry kutalika komwe adagula ku bazaar kalekale. Uku si katemera. Imakula pafupifupi mthunzi wathunthu, ndipo pazifukwa zina sizimapereka mizu. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi 2.5 ... pansi pa 3 mita. Anomaly. Koma, monga tawonera, zokolola ndizochepa, ndipo kakomedweko kali acidic kuposa mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
T-150//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-11527.html
Poyamba, sizimatha kubzala chokoberry, chimazizira ndipo ndi zake. Kenako ndinabzala pakati pa tchire, koma kuti anali ndi dzuwa lokwanira, ndipo chinthucho chinapita, chinayamba kukula, mbewu zimakondala chaka chilichonse, tsopano nkhawa imodzi ndiyomwe mungapangire zipatso. / ... /. Simungadye zambiri zatsopano, mabulosi ena ndi zonse. Ndikufuna kuyesanso chophika kuchokera ku chokeberry, pomwe palibe chochitika. Kulima, chokeberry sikufuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikulumba ngati chitsamba, ndizosavuta kusuta zipatso.
Anna Zakharchuk//xn--80avnr.xe % 80% D0% B0% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BD% D0% B8% D1% 8F /% D0% A7% D0% B5% D1% 80% D0% BD% D0 BE% D0% BF% D0% BB% D0% BE% D0% B4% D0% BD% D0% B0% D1% 8F_% D1% 80% D1% 8F% D0% B1% D0% B8% CC% 81% D0% BD% D0% B0
Kukongoletsa mwapadera komanso kutsika pang'ono pamikhalidwe yomwe ikukula kumapangitsa Aronia chokeberry kukhala chomera chabwino kwambiri chopanga kagulu ka masamba obowoka m'munda m'munda, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maudzu. Aronia nthawi iliyonse pachaka chidzakhala chokongoletsera m'mundamo. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo idzakondweretsa eni ake ndi zipatso zokoma.
