Kufeya ndi wokongola chaka chilichonse kapena chosatha chomwe chidzawonjezera makhalidwe okongola kwambiri kumalo aliwonse okongola, maluwa, ndi mapiri. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, maluwa a chomeracho amafanana ndi ndudu ya fodya, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso Kufeya mtengo wa ndudu. Mu nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za kubzala ndi kusamalira kufey, ndi kuti ndi ziti zomwe ziyenera kukula, kuti ndi nthawi yanji, komanso feteleza kuti azidyetsa.
Kufotokozera
Maluwawo amatchulidwa chifukwa chokongola, koma zipatso zopotoka. "Kufei" mu Greek amatanthawuza "kuthamanga". Herbaceous chomera chakummwera ndi kum'mwera madera a North America wapeza ntchito yaikulu m'dziko lathu. Kawirikawiri nkhuni zamagalimoto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera komanso zooneka bwino, koma amalonda ena amakula kuti azisungunuka ndikumagulitsa pamsika. 
M'dera lakwawo muli mitundu yoposa 250 ya zomera. Kuphatikiza apo, obereketsa nthawi zonse amasonyeza mitundu yatsopano yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa okongola komanso obiriwira. Mexico imaonedwa ngati malo obadwira maluwa, kumene imapezeka mu mitundu iwiri - chaka chimodzi ndi nthawi yaitali.
Ndikofunikira! Kusiyana pakati pa tchire Kufei pakamatera kumakhala kosachepera 35 masentimita.
M'gawo la dziko lathu, kukongola kumeneku kumakula nthawi zambiri monga chomera cha pachaka, koma alimi omwe amachita masewero amatha kusinkhasinkha kufeya yobiriwira. Kumadera akummwera, kumene nyengo sizikudziwika ndi chisanu choopsa, mtengo wa ndudu ukhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta ndi kufalitsa masamba oyambirira kumapeto kwa March.
Mbali yapadera ya duwa ndi chakuti imafalikira kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka m'ma September. (Muyenera kuvomereza kuti zokongoletsera malo osungirako mapiri kapena nyumba ya flowerbed ndi zofunika kwambiri). 
Masamba a Kufei ali owala, mdima wobiriwira wamdima, wochepa kwambiri, wooneka ngati mphepo yamphongo yokhala ndi mapiko ambiri. Chitsamba chokha chimatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50, koma opanga malo opanga malo angapereke chomera chilichonse mwa kudulira nthawi zonse. Maluwa a kukongola uku ndi ochepa, koma pa mtengo umodzi iwo ali ochuluka kwambiri. Maluwa aakulu amakhala awiri mpaka 3.5 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: wofiira, wofiira-violet, ndimu-woyera.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Monga tanena, pali mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya zomera zosakongola, koma ambiri a iwo sali osudzulana ngati zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Olima amaluwa amaluwa m'dziko lathu amadziwa mitundu yochepa chabe ya kufei, yomwe tidzakulongosola mwatsatanetsatane.
Kufeya kukwezedwa
Mtengo wa fodya uwu ndi shrubber yambiri komanso yokongola kwambiri, choncho amasankha kukula mu malo amkati, kumapanga, m'madera akummwera - kumapiri kapena mabedi. Kufeya izopolopolnaya ili ndi mphamvu ndi zotanuka nthambi zomwe sizikuphwanya ngakhale mphepo yamphamvu, kotero kumusamalira kunyumba sikungatenge ntchito zambiri. 
Mtundu uwu wa shrub ndi wosavuta kuti ufalitsidwe mwa kudula, kotero tizidulidwe ting'onoting'ono tingathe kugula pafupi pafupi ndi maluwa onse ogulitsira maluwa. Mtengo wa ndudu wa exfoliate umamasuka kwambiri ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, owala.
Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti shrub imatenthedwa ndi moto ndipo imatentha ndi zofiira, zofiirira, zoyera kapena zofiirira. Mtundu uwu umakonda kuwala, kutentha ndi kuthirira kwambiri, kotero ku dera la Moscow ndi zina zapakati ndi kumpoto kwa Russia ndi bwino kulima mu mphika ndikuziika m'nyumba.
Kufeya moto wofiira
Wokongola kwambiri ndi wokondedwa ndi ambiri olima maluwa zitsamba. Zili ndi mawonekedwe azing'ono, choncho nthawi zambiri zimakula m'mwamba. Chomeracho chimatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha maluwa okongola ofiirira, omwe ali mumtsamba ang'onoang'ono akhoza kukhala oposa zana. Mwa anthu a ku Kufeya, moto wofiira umadziwika bwino ngati fodya. 
Dzina lakutchulidwanso linayambanso chifukwa cha maluwa omwe adalumikiza maonekedwe ndi mitundu yakuda pamphepete (mdima wozungulira pamphepete umapereka ndondomeko ya ndudu ya fodya). Chomeracho ndi wachikondi, sichimalekerera chisanu, chimakonda kwambiri chinyezi.
Kufeya microlepaste
M'mabuku ena akunja, mtundu uwu wa shrub ungapezeke pansi pa dzina lamaswiti chitsamba. Ndizoseketsa, koma dzina lotchulidwira limeneli linapangidwa chifukwa. Chitsamba cha candy chiri ndi maluwa okongola okongola a pinki omwe amapanga madzi okoma, okometsera ndi fungo losangalatsa. The shrub ndi ofanana ndi kufeya izopolopolnuyu (ili ndi ofanana kukula kwake ndi lignified mphukira), koma microleped chomera ali pambali osati tsamba axils, koma pamwamba pawo. 
Masamba ndi ochepa, obiriwira, obiriwira, akukula. Nkhuta ndizochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi zosawoneka chifukwa cha calyx yaitali. Calyx chikasu, mkati - wobiriwira. Chitsamba chokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri chimapezeka m'minda ndi mapiri a kummwera, kumene nyengo yachisanu ndi yochepa kwambiri. Florists amakonda kukula shrub poyera, kumene amakopeka zambiri mungu mungu (njuchi, mavu).
Lanceolate
Mitundu ya Lanceolate ya zomera zachilendo ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mamembala a m'mbuyomu. Chitsambachi chimafika kutalika kwa 0.8-0.9 mamita ndipo sichikhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi. Komabe, kufeya lanceolate ndi chomera chokondeka cha okonza mapulani ambiri m'madera akum'mwera. Kumeneku, duwa limapezeka m'mapaki, minda, madera komanso masitepe. Amakongola ndi maluwa ake apadera, okongola komanso owala kwambiri, omwe sangafanane ndi china chirichonse. 
Maluwa obiriwira amatha kufotokozedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Mtengo wa ndudu wa mtundu wa lancet umafalitsidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo zosiyanasiyana, nyama ndi mphepo yamkuntho.
Kufika kunyumba
Kukula kufei kuchokera ku nyemba kunyumba si ntchito yovuta, choncho alimi aliyense amatha kugwira ntchito popanda mavuto. Mukhoza kugula mbeu ku shopu iliyonse yamaluwa. Mu gramu sachet muli mbeu pafupifupi 300 (izi ndi zokwanira kudzala zitsamba zonse zokongola). Popeza chomeracho ndi chachikondi, ndi bwino kudzala mbewu za mbande m'nyumba. Mukhoza kuyamba kumatha kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Kwa mbande, mungagwiritse ntchito makapu ang'onoang'ono, pansi pake pamakhala mabowo ang'onoang'ono. 
Nthaka ya mbande ndi zomera zazikulu imapangidwa molingana ndi njira yomweyi: imatengedwa pa gawo limodzi la peat, sod ndi tsamba la masamba, komanso humus, kuwonjezera apo, pansi pa gawo la mchenga wa mtsinje umaphatikizidwanso kwa osakaniza. Mbewu imodzi kapena iwiri imabzalidwa kwa kuya kwa masentimita 2-3 mu chikho chilichonse. Mutabzala, makapu ayenera kuikidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki. Sunrises amaonekera kale masiku 5-7. Amayenera kusungidwa pamalo otentha komanso ozizira pamalo otentha a 20-22 ° C (makamaka pawindo).
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku mitundu ina yazitentha, kufei imapanga mafuta, omwe ndi maonekedwe okoma ndi ofanana ndi kokonati.
Kumapeto kwa May - oyambirira June, mbande ayenera kuikidwa. Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kwanu. Izo zidzadalira pa dera liti la dziko lathu lomwe mumakhalamo. Kumadera akum'mwera a kufey akhoza kubzalidwa pansi pamlengalenga.
Malo abwino kwambiri adzakhala: mbali ya kummwera kwa malowa, ndi kuyatsa bwino, kusalowerera ndale kwa nthaka komanso kusowa kwa mphepo yamkuntho. M'katikati ndi kumpoto, kuziika bwino kumachitidwa mozama kwambiri, chifukwa shrub imayenera kuikidwa m'nyumba (m'chilimwe ikhoza kutulutsidwa mumsewu). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Kufeya imatha kulekerera pang'ono chisanu (12 ° C), choncho kumbukirani izi posankha malo. 
Ngati chodzala mtengo wa ndudu chidzachitidwa pogwiritsira ntchito cuttings, ndiye kuti malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambawa akuwonetsedwanso: nthaka ikupanga, kuyatsa, chinyezi, kutentha. Pokha mukadzala cuttings muyenera nthawi yomweyo kusankha mphamvu yabwino yomwe mbewuyo idzatha kukhazikitsa miyezi 6 mpaka 6.
Kuswana
Zitsamba za ku Mexican zikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi kudula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu. Ndikofunika kudula mitengo ya cuttings ndi kubzala m'nthaka pa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C, ndi bwino kuchitidwa m'chaka. Muyenera kupatulira nsonga za mphukira ndi mpeni pang'onopang'ono. Mbali zolekanitsidwa za zomera zimayikidwa m'madzi otentha kwa masiku 7-10. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, cuttings amapanga mizu, okonzeka kubzala mu nthaka yokonzeka.
Kuti bwino kumera, alimi amalangiza kubzala angapo cuttings mu chidebe chimodzi. Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe a masamba awiri, chomeracho chiyenera kuwononga. Pankhaniyi, kufeya idzakhala yobiriwira, yowala komanso yokongola. 
Ngati mumachulukitsa mbewu za Kufa, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka mapeto a maluwa, omwe amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa m'mawa. Pa nthawiyi, mbewu zokolola zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ndipo zouma pang'ono padzuwa. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ofooka aqueous potassium permanganate. Mbeu zikhoza kubzalidwa ngakhale kugwa, koma chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera mnyumbayo: kuyatsa bwino, kutentha, ndi chinyezi.
Chisamaliro
Kuti tizilomboti tiziyenda pakhomo nthawi zonse, zimakhala zosamalidwa.
Kutentha
Kukhala ndi chomera kumapeto kwa nyengo yotentha-chilimwe n'kofunika pa kutentha kwa 18-25 ° C. Mkhalidwe woterewu udzakhala wabwino kwambiri pa ndondomeko yamaluwa komanso yautali. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zosatha zimapereka kutentha kwapansi, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 12-15 ° C. 
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kufeya ikhoza kupirira kutentha pang'ono, koma panthawi yomweyi maluwawo akhoza kukhala otalika kwambiri. Odyetsa anabweretsanso mitundu yozizira yosakanikirana ndi shrub yomwe ingakhoze kulimbana ndi nyengo ndi kutentha mpaka -12 ° C.
Kuthirira
Chitsamba cha Mexico chimafuna kuthirira ndi nthaka yonyowa. Icho chimachokera ku malo omwe chinyezi cha mlengalenga nthawizonse chimakhala chapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chinyezi cha mlengalenga mderalo. Kuwonjezera apo, kumadera otentha kumwera kwa North America, mvula imakhala yofala kuposa dziko lathu.
Muyenera kumwa madzi a kufey 2-3 pa sabata, makamaka mosamala kuti muzitsatira madzi akumwa, ndiye kuti chitsamba chidzakhala chokongola kwambiri komanso chamaluwa owala kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati Kufey ikayikidwa pamtanda, ikhoza kutaya masamba onse!
Ndikofunika kuti chinyezi chizivikiritsa chipinda chonse chadothi. Ngati mtengo wa fodya umakula m'nyumba mwako, mumayenera kuthirira madziwo mpaka madzi atayamba kutuluka m'mabowo apansi. Onetsetsani kuti pamwamba pake siuma. Maluwa salola kuti chinyezi chikhale chinyezi, choncho ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akumwa bwino.M'nyengo yozizira, pamene shrub ili mu nthawi yochepa, kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 3-4 nthawi. Kufeya amakonda makhwala amadzi, choncho nthawi zonse perekani masamba ndi maluwa pa iye.
Kupaka pamwamba
Mtengo wa fodya ndi wokongola wokonda feteleza. Ikhoza kudyetsedwa nthawi yonse ya maluwa, ndiye kuwala ndi maluwa zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri. Feteleza akhoza kugulitsidwa ku shopu iliyonse yamaluwa (ndi bwino kugula zovuta ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke mchere).
Zokwanira fetereza zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Yankho lamadzimadzi limapangidwa kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha 20 g ya feteleza pa madzi 10 l. Mukhozanso kugula zovala zapadera pa masamba ndi maluwa, kupanga njira zamadzimadzi, kupopera shrub (njira zoyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa masiku 10-14). 
Kudulira
Nyuzipepala iyi ya kumpoto kwa America imatha kukwana kukula kwake kwa nthawi yochepa (makamaka mosamala). Ake mphukira amatha kufika kutalika kwa 0.5-0.9 mamita, choncho ayenera nthawi zonse kudula. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwa chitsamba, okonza mapulani ambiri amapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakono ndipo amapatsa kukongola kokongola kwambiri kufei. Palibe malamulo apadera odulira mitengo, muyenera kungofupikitsa mphukira mwamsanga, kupanga mawonekedwe okongola a chitsamba.
Kuwaza
Kuyika kwa chomera china kumapangidwa chaka chilichonse. Chaka chilichonse, muyenera kubwezera Kufa mumphika wa kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwake (kutalika kwa gawo lililonse ayenera kuwonjezeka ndi 2-3 masentimita). Pomwe mphikawo umakhala waukulu wa masentimita 25, kuziika zingathe kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza - kamodzi pa zaka 2-3.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku Mexico amakhulupirira kuti kufeya ikhoza kuyesa anthu, kotero imayikidwa muofesi ya phokoso komanso m'malo ena ambiri.
Pakuika chomera, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka ili yabwino kwambiri (tinayankhula za izi kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi) ndi madzi abwino. Mitsuko ikhoza kumangidwa ndi thovu, njerwa zosweka kapena dothi lokwanira. Panthawiyi, nkofunika kuti musawononge mizu ya mbeu (ngati ena mwa iwo akukhudzidwa, ndiye kuchotsa mosamala). Mwamsanga mutatha kuziika, chomeracho chimakhala madzi okwanira ndi kudyetsedwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Nthawi zambiri, kufey imakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal. Ngati mizu ya maluwa imakhudza bowa, ndiye ichi ndi chizindikiro choonekeratu cha nthaka yonyowa. Zizindikiro zoyamba za kukhalapo kwa bowa m'nthaka zozungulira ndizo: maonekedwe a mdima wandiweyani pamasamba, kuvunda kwa mphukira ndi muzu. Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal kufei ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal mankhwala (ntchito mogwirizana ndi malangizo).
Pofuna kulimbana ndi matenda a zipangizo zamkati, fungicides akugwiritsidwa ntchito: Scor, Topsin-M, Readzol, Topaz, Glyocladin, Fitolavin, Fitoterm.
Mame a mchere amayambanso ndi bowa, muyenera kulimbana nawo ndi fungicides. Chizindikiro choyamba cha powdery mildew ndi kakang'ono pa masamba. Nthawi zina pamasamba a kufei, mawanga ofiira kapena amdima aang'ono amapezeka. Mawanga awa ndiwo chizindikiro choyamba cha kusowa kwa zizindikiro za ferum (chitsulo) m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, feteleza zovuta zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zosakaniza ndi microelements of ferum.
Zowonongeka kwambiri za kufei ndi: akangaude, thrips ndi shchitovka. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa kangaude wamatchi pamphukira ndi masamba akhoza kuwona bwino intaneti. Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha mpweya wouma m'chipinda chomwe chimasungiramo fodya.
Pofuna kuthana ndi nthata zamagulu, mungagwiritse ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito) kapena sopo yothetsera sopo ya potaziyamu (20 g sopo pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera kusamba bwino tsamba lililonse ndi mphukira. 
Ngati Kufey ikamenyedwa ndi scythe, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena squeque yothetsera sopo ya potaziyamu (mofanana ndi kale). Chizindikiro choyamba cha maonekedwe a chishango tizilombo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mazira pa masamba (awa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Ngati shrub ikudwala thrips, masamba ake amayamba kutopa ndi kuloweza. Pofuna kuthana ndi mazira, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana (kusamba masamba pamadzi), ndiyeno muwachitire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chotsatira, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti kufeya idzakongoletsera nyumba iliyonse, munda, maluwa, malo osungirako mapiri kapena paki. Ngakhale osamalira wamaluwa samayambanso kusamalira zitsamba, kotero mutha kugula zipatso za ku Mexico. Kukongola kwa maluwa kufei kukupangitsani kukonda chitsamba kwambiri.
