Mattiola ndi msipu wa udzu womwe udabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Mediterranean. Ndi banja la Crucifer. Maonekedwe a matthiola ndiwofatsa, koma fungo lamaluwa ake ndi okongola kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa chake mbewuyo idapatsidwa malo m'munda wamaluwa. Amabzala pafupi ndi madoko, masitima kapena mawindo a nyumba. Popeza maluwa amatsegula usiku, Mattiola nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "usiku violet" kapena "levka."
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Matthiola ndi mbewu ya pachaka kapena yamuyaya yomwe imakhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi udzu wophukira 30-90 cm. Amakutidwa ndi khungu kapena khungu lowoneka bwino. Mphukira za Matthiola zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri ofewa. Masamba obiriwira amdima lanceolate okhala ndi lonse kapena m'mphepete mwamphanvu amadziunjikira pansi komanso pansi pa mphukira.
Kumapeto kwa masika, maluwa akuthengo amaluwa amaphuka kumapeto kwa tsinde. Amakhala ndi maluwa osavuta kapena awiriawiri okhala ndi miyala yozungulira yozungulira. Mtundu wa inflorescences ukhoza kukhala wa pinki, yoyera, ya lilac, yofiirira kapena yachikasu. Maluwa amatuluka dzuwa kulowa ndipo mungu wochokera kwa tizilombo touluka. Mphepo yomwe ili pafupi ndi bedi la maluwa ili ndi fungo labwino. Zomera zabwino kwambiri uchi. Pambuyo pollination, zipatso zipse - yaing'ono udindo pods. Iliyonse ili ndi mbewu zambiri zozungulira. Mbewu ndi zofiirira kapena zakuda.
Mitundu ya Mattiola
Mitundu ya genus imaphatikizapo mitundu 50 yayikulu. Mitundu yoposa 600 yokongoletsa idayamba kale kubadwa pamaziko awo. Zomera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi kutalika (kutalika, pakati, kutalika), kapangidwe ka maluwa (kosavuta, kawiri) ndi zizindikiro zina. Ena mwa matthiol odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
Mattiola ndi wabwino kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse chokhala ndi tsinde lopyapyala, lotalika kwambiri limapangidwa ngati chitsamba chotalika pafupifupi 50. Mphukira zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda. Mu June-Ogasiti, panicle inflorescence inflorescence imamasuka ndi ziphuphu zosavuta, zinayi. Alijambulidwa ndi utoto wowala wa pinki kapena wofiirira ndipo amatulutsa fungo labwino. Pambuyo popukutira pang'onopang'ono nyemba zosankhwima, nthangala zazing'ono zosakhwima zimacha.
Mattiola imvi. Chomera cha pachaka chokhala ndi masamba ofooka 20-80 masentimita. Amakutidwa ndi masamba owongoka kapena masamba owoneka bwino okhala ndi kufupika kwakanthawi. Maluwa osavuta kapena awiri amatengedwa mumalo owonjezera a inflorescence pamwamba pa mphukira. Ali penti wa pinki, yoyera, yabuluu, ya lilac, yachikaso ndi yofiirira yakuda. Amaluwa amtunduwu a levkoy mu June ndikusunga maluwa mpaka woyamba chisanu. Kummwera kumatha kuphuka ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Chipatso, phula lokhala ndi nthangala zambiri, chimakhwima pokhapokha m'mera wokhala ndi maluwa osavuta.
Mattiola ndi onunkhira. Kutalika kwa msatsi wabwinobwino wa herbaceous ndi 20-50 masentimita. Masamba ake ndi masamba amapaka utoto wobiriwira ndipo wokutidwa ndi chitsulo chamtundu wa siliva. Nthambi zimapanga rosette yoyera. Masamba a Sedentary amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, maluwa akutulutsa maluwa otakasuka pang'ono maluwa osavuta kwambiri achikasu. Masamba amatseguka dzuwa likatuluka ndipo amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu.
Kulima kwa Levkoy
Njira yayikulu yofalitsira matthiola ndikubzala mbewu. Kumagawo akum'mwera, mbewu zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Chitani izi mu Novembala kapena Epulo poyera. M'minda yopanda kuyesera yesani kugawana mbewu zing'onozing'ono. M'mbuyomu, amaphatikizidwa bwino kwambiri ndi mchenga. Mbewu zikalemba masamba 3 enieni, amazidulira kuti mtunda ukhale 15 cm.
Kuti tipeze maluwa maluwa posachedwa, ndikofunikira kuti mbande zoyamba kubzala. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, mbewu zimagawidwa mumbale ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga mpaka 5mm. Ndikofunika kuzikhathamiritsa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya manganese. Dothi limanyowa mosamala ndipo mabokosi amasamutsidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera patatha masiku 3-4, patatha milungu iwiri, mbande imakhazikika m'miphika yosiyana kapena makapu otaika.
Kukula mbande mu zobiriwira kumapitilira mpaka pakati pa Epulo. Ndipo, mkati mwa sabata, maluwa amatulutsidwa kunja kwa maola angapo kuti akwiye. Kumapeto kwa Epulo, ndizotheka kuyika matthiola poyera. Imatha kale kulekerera chisanu chochepa kwambiri (mpaka -5 ° C).
Kusamalira Kunja
Podzala levkoy, malo owoneka bwino, otseguka amasankhidwa. Ndizosafunika kuti izi zisanachitike, oimira ena opacika mbewu adamera pamenepo, chifukwa dothi limatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mbande zimabzalidwa popanda kuwononga dothi lapadziko lapansi pakuya kwa mizu. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala wamtundu wa 20. Kubzala ndibwino kukonzekera madzulo kapena kwamitambo. Ndikabzala denser, matenda amiyendo yakuda ndiotheka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde komanso yachonde, yopanda ndale. Dothi lolemera komanso madzi osayenda ndiwosavomerezeka.
Mattiola ndi chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa. Amafunikira kuunikira kwambiri komanso dothi labwino, komanso dothi labwino. Muyenera kuthirira chomera pafupipafupi, koma m'malo ochepa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka kuti dothi lakuthwa lisapangike kuthilira. Muyeneranso kuyang'anira namsongole wa namsongole. Duwa limakhala ndi kuyandikira pafupi ndi mbewu zolimba.
Mattiole azakudya sofunika. Ndikokwanira mu kasupe kuthirira kubzala ndi yankho la zovuta zamchere feteleza kuti maluwa athe. Pa dothi lachonde, mutha kuchita zonse popanda kuthira feteleza.
Leukemia amatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus, makamaka kuchokera ku "mwendo wakuda" ndi "kabichi keel." Monga prophylaxis, munthu ayenera kuona mtunda ndi kumera maluwa, komanso osalola madzi kulowa m'nthaka. Zomera zotchuka kwambiri za mbewuyi ndi kabichi ya gulugufe, utoto womera ndi choyera. Mankhwala othandizira tizilombo atithandiza kuthana ndi tizirombo mwachangu.
Mattiola popanga mawonekedwe
Mattiola ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimamera osati chifukwa chowoneka bwino, koma chifukwa cha fungo labwino. Ngakhale mitundu yokongoletsera ya terry imakongoletsa bwino dimba la maluwa kapena kuphatikiza maluwa. Podulidwa, mmera udzaima mpaka milungu iwiri. Mattiola amabzalidwa pafupi ndi malo ampumulo kapena mazenera a nyumba, kuti madzulo ndi usiku, asangalale ndi fungo labwino la gombe la Mediterranean.
Chikhalidwechi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana makonde ndi masitepe, pobzala m'mabokosi ndi mumtsuko. Anthu oyandikana nawo abwino m'munda wamaluwa wa levkoy ndi lavenda, rosemary, chitsamba chokongoletsera, reseda, thyme, thyme, phlox ndi ruffle.
