Kukaniza nkhanambo ndi chisanu - Mtengo wa apulo wa Altai wa ku Altai

Mtengo wa Apple ndi umodzi wa zipatso zazikulu ku Russia.

Mwa kuswana mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya apulo inakhazikitsidwa, kuphatikizapo Kulimbana ndi nyengo yozizira.

Mitengo yozizira yozizira imafunika m'madera ngati Siberia, Far East, dera la Ural.

Imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imapezeka ndi ntchito ya obereketsa a Altai Territory ndi mitundu ya apuloAltai wofiirira.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Mitundu ya Altai yosiyanasiyana ya apulo imapezeka podutsa mungu wa Belfleur-Chinese ndi Melba ndi Northerner. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi nthawi yambiri ya fruiting. Mwa kucha - Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizirapa kama mpaka masiku 60.

Mitengo imabweretsa mbewu osati chaka chilichonse, koma chaka. Asayansi apeza chifukwa cha izi.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtengo wa apulo mu mawonekedwe a chaka chimodzi kuchuluka kwa masamba ndipo amapereka zipatso zambiri, motero sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira pa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi zipatso pakuti chaka chotsatira sichipangidwa.

Mitundu ya chilimwe imaphatikizapo mitengo ya apulo: Arkadik, Summer, Archad Summer, Dachnoe, Elena, Quinti, July Chernenko, Korobovka, Chilimwe Chokhazikika, Chofiira Chakummawa, Kum'mwera, Ulemerero kwa Wopambana, Solntsedar, Siyanets Solntsedara, Nkhumba za Silver, Terentieva, Chudnoe, Yubylyar, Yambykovo, Yablichar, Yablichar, Yablitera, Yofiti ya Silver, Terentieva, Chudnoe, Yubylyar, Yablekovskoye, Yablichar Mpulumutsi, Malinovka, Papirovka, Gornist, Gorno-Altai, Augustus.

Kufotokozera za kalasi ya Altai Ruddy

Mitengo ya Apple imakhala nayo mawonekedwe okongolandiye thunthu lalitali lalitali moyenera chokongoletsera koronaizo zikuwoneka ngati mpira.

Nthambi za apulo ndi zazikulu, zamphamvu, zimayendetsedwa pamwamba.

Awa ndi nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba pamapeto. Kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 5 mpaka 7. Ndi mwa iwo omwe fruiting amapezeka.

Masamba a Apple ndi obiriwira, ofewa kukhudza. Maonekedwewa amafanana ndi dzira, ndipo amakhala ndi phokoso la mitsempha.

Mitengo ya Apple kudzikonda ndipo ali zabwino zopanga munguyoyenera pollination mtanda mitundu ya chilimwe: Melba, Kutsanulira White, nkhunda ya Altai.

Zipatso za kalasi ya Altai yofiira kuzungulira, kukula kwazing'ono, kulemera kwawo pakati pa 55 mpaka 100 magalamu.

Mtundu wa maapulo ndi wofiira wofiira ndi zokometsera zonona. Khungu ndi losalala ndi mizere yofiira yofiira.

Nyama yonyezimira yamtundu wa apulo imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso fungo labwino.

Nthambi ya Apple imakhala yopapatiza komanso yaitali kuposa kukula kwake.

Chipatso chiri ndi malo otsekedwa a mbewu ndi malo ang'onoang'ono a apulo.

Chithunzi

Mbiri yobereka

Zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana za Alta Rosy zosiyanasiyana ndi: Lisavenko MA, Kornienko L.Yu., Grankina Z.A., Kalinina I.P., Zhebrovskaya L.Yu.. Iwo ankagwira ntchito iyo mkati Research Institute of Gardening of Siberia.

Pambuyo pake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana inafalikira m'madera akum'mawa ndi kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa Russia: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Kaliningrad.

Zosiyana izi zinali analowa mu bukhu la zipatso za zipatso mu 1985.

Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera

Chigawo cha kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi Altai Krai. Mu 1988, adayendetsedwa ku Far Eastern Region (Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Obast), Western Siberia (Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, zigawo) ndi Mizinda ya Urals (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk).

Chikhalidwe cha m'madera awa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: Kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha nthawi imeneyi, nyengo yochepa yotentha.

Kukula kwake kwa mitengo ya apulo m'madera amenewa ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimayambitsa mitunduyi.

Kulima m'madera awa, mitundu yotsatirayi idzakhala yoyenera: Belfleur Bashkir, Altai Crimson, Anis Sverdlovsk, Long (China), Bratchud, Chophimba, Pangano, Mphatso kwa Olima, Snowdrop, Persian, Pepin Shafranny, Flashlight, Sokolovskoye, Ural Native, Orange, Pentin Shafranny , Phoenix wa Altai, Mwana wa Pepinchik, Lyubava, Altynai.

Pereka

Mtundu wa Altai wa Apple umayamba kubala zipatso zokha 4 kapena 5 patapita zakaali ndi zokolola zambiri kuchokera makilogalamu 60 mpaka 80 kuchokera pamtengo.

Chiwerengero cha zokolola kwa zaka khumi zapitazi zinali matani 13 pa hekitala.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Kuti mupeze zipatso zochuluka za mitengo ya apulo, m'pofunika kuwabzala bwino ndikupatsa munda wanu mosamala ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo.

Malamulo obwera:

• Pa malo osankhidwa mosamala mwakonzekera nthaka. Mukusowa manyowa osachepera 50 cm chakuya. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira makilogalamu 100 pa hekitala ya organic komanso mpaka 2 penti pa hekitala ya feteleza mchere.
• Zotsambazi zingabzalidwe chimodzi mwaziganizo ziwiri: mwina oyambirira kumapeto (izi ziyenera kukhala kuyambira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa April mpaka theka loyamba la mwezi wa May), kapena m'dzinja (kuyambira kumapeto kwa September kufikira oyambirira a October).

Ngati mumabzala mbande m'chaka, dzenje ndi bwino kukonzekera mu kugwa, kuziphimba m'nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, ndi chida. Ngati mutabzala m'dzinja, dzenje limakonzedwa mwezi umodzi musanadzale mtengo.

• Chiwerengero cha dzenje liyenera kukhala 70-100 centimita, kuya kwa masentimita 70 mpaka 90. Pamene nthaka ikutha, dzenje liyenera kuwonjezeka ndi masentimita asanu.
• Mizu iyenera kusungunuka. Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa m'nkhani yochokera pansi. Ndimadzi osakaniza madzi, dongo ndi dziko lapansi. Pozilenga, tenga nsalu yonyowa yomwe imasungunula chisakanizo ndikuyika mmera. Pambuyo pake, pezani nsalu ndikuyika zonsezo mu thumba la pulasitiki.

Ngati pali malo owonongeka muzu, ayenera kukhala kudulira nkhuni zabwino. Mukamabzala mtengo wa apulo pansi, mizu imafalikira mkati ndi kumbali.

• Mukamayenda, pitani kumalo a kusintha kwa mizu kupita kumtunda kapena pansi pake. Pakati pa nyemba zimapanga dzenje lonse kukula kwa dzenje.
• Po kuthirira mbewu imodzi mumakhala ndi zidebe 3-4 za madzi.. Pambuyo pa madziwa, m'pofunikanso kupukusira bwino chitsimecho. Mukhoza kutenga utuchi, peat kapena nthaka youma.
• Mutabzala mbande zawo kuchepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kuchokera kutalika kwake kufika ku diso lakunja, kumene kupulumuka kudzapangidwanso kenaka.

Kuwonjezera pa kubzala bwino, sapling wamng'ono amafunikira chisamaliro kuti apangidwe mu mtengo wa zipatso wathanzi.

• Zaka zingapo mutabzala chomera spud 20 centimita wamtali ndi kuyika zida ku thunthu sizinayambe kukula kumbali.
• Pa nthawi ya fruiting, kuteteza mtengo kuswa nthambi pansi pawo ikani zinthu. Pamene zilipo, kulemera kwa chipatso cha nthambi kumagawidwa mofanana.
• Kutha kwadula kukumba nthaka, kupanga mabatire. Kuteteza mizu m'nyengo yozizira kumalo osungira nthaka Ndikukumba mu humus.
• Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, thunthu likulumikizidwa ndi zinthu zakutchire. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu, monga kulola mpweya ndi madzi kudutsa.
• Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kumapeto kwa chilimwe khalani kuthirira mitengo. Ziphuphuzi ziyenera kuimitsa kukula ndikupanga zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa. Mudzafunikanso spray mitengo motsutsana wintering tizirombo. Njirayi ikuchitidwa pa kutentha kosapitirira 5 C.

Kugwirizana ndi malamulo oyenera odzala ndi kusamalira mitengo ya apulo kudzakupatsani inu zokolola zabwino.

Koma kupatula kuti muyenera kutero kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tiziromboamene akufuna kukhalapo phindu la zomera zanu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mame a Mealy. Zimayambira ndi bowa zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapanga imvi pamasamba, masamba, inflorescences, pambuyo pa kusasitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timadzi timene timayambira, ndipo pachimake chimakhala ndi timiso ta bulauni.

Masamba, masamba ndi masamba amauma ndi kugwa. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala mankhwala "Topaz", "Hom", Skor ". Mankhwalawa amapangidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pamapangidwe a masamba, chachiwiri pambuyo pa maluwa, chachitatu mutatha kusonkhanitsa zipatso.

Cytosporosis.Matenda a fungal okhudza makungwa a mitengo. Chizindikiro chake ndi mapangidwe a zilonda zamtundu wakuda pa mtengo wa mtengo. Malo oonongeka akugwa limodzi ndi nthambi zomwe zili pa iwo.

Chithandizo choyamba chotsutsana ndi cytosporosis chimachitika kumapeto kwa masamba asanayambe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Homa". Njira yachiwiri yothandizira isanafike nthawi yopanga maluwa - mkuwa sulphate. Chachitatu pambuyo pa maluwa - yankho "Homa".

Zipatso zowola. Zovunda za Brown zimawonekera pa maapulo okucha. Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa "Hom", ndikupanga mankhwala awiri. Yoyamba nthawi yopanga masamba, yachiwiri - pambuyo maluwa. Zipatso zowonongeka zimakololedwa ku mitengo ndi nthaka ndikuwotchedwa.

Khansara yakuda Mutha kuona matendawa pokhala ndi mawanga pamasamba, omwe amachulukitsa kukula ndi manambala. Makungwa a mtengowo akung'amba, timagulu tawo timang'amba ndikubwera.

Pambuyo pa masamba a maluwa sprayed Bordeaux madzi. Mbali zakutali ziyenera kutenthedwa pamalo omwe ali kutali ndi webusaitiyi.

Kuwonjezera pa matenda osiyanasiyana mitengo imakhala ndi tizirombokukhudza masamba, makungwa, maluwa ndi zipatso.

Tizilombo ndi njira zolimbirana bwino ndi iwo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya mitengo ya apulo ndi mabala a apulo, aphid ndi tsamba la njenjete ndi njenjete, nsomba zazinkhanira, njenjete ndi tsvetoyed.

Aphid imayamwa madzi kuchokera kumagulu a chomera, kuteteza motsutsana nawo Kupopera mbewu ya fodya kapena karbofos.

Kupewa ndi kumenyana apulo mite Amatsuka m'madera akale a makungwa ndikuwotcha ku apulo.

Kuchokera slates ndi maburashi chotsani kwambiri. Kutaya ndi karbofosovom njira kapena utsi wa fodya.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chlorophos kapena "Zolona", mukhoza kupambana ntchentche, apulotusi ndi kachilomboka.

Tetezani mitengo ya apulo kuchokera ku tizirombo pokonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.

M'dzinja, onetsetsani kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba osagwa. Kuchepetsa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito makungwa ndi nthambi.

Pomalizira, tiyenera kudziŵika ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu ya Altai Rosy.

Ubwino: kukana otsika kutentha kutumiza, oyambirira yakucha ndi nthawi zonse fruiting.

Zowononga zikuphatikizapo: kukula kochepa kwa chipatso, kukhetsa kwawo kwakukulu ndi moyo wazitali.