Ndi maonekedwe a mycelium, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa powdery mildew, mitengo imakhala yofooka, imataya masamba awo ndi ovary, zokolola zawo zimachepa, ndipo pamatenda amanyalanyaza kwambiri, ngakhale mitundu yosazira kwambiri imagwa m'nyengo yozizira. Tiyeni tione kuopseza kwapafupi komwe powdery mildew ikuphatikizapo, zizindikiro zake zoyambirira pa mtengo wa apulo ndi kukuuzani momwe mungachitire nacho.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Mame a m'munda amatsutsidwa ndi bowa la Erysiples, lomwe ndi botanist. pakati pa owopsya kwa zomera. Parasitic yawo mycelium imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi kudyetsa mbali ya chomeracho ndipo imayamba mpaka ikauma pamodzi ndi amene amatchedwa wopereka.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakhala moyo, monga lamulo, kwa chaka chimodzi ndikufota ndi tsamba lopanda moyo kapena nthambi yowuma. Zikuchitika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pokhala pa thunthu la apulo pansi pa makungwa, m'nyengo yozizira bwino ndikupitirizabe kupha mtengowo pang'onopang'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi conidia, bowa amafalikira ku zomera zatsopano, zomwe zimakhudza munda wonsewo. Nthawi yowonjezera maonekedwe a matendawa imatenga masabata awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kuteteza zipatso zanu za apulo kuchokera ku powdery powdery mildew mwa kubzala makamaka mitundu yopanda matenda: "Winter Winter Golden Gold", "Renette", "Borovinka", "Sary Sinap" ndi ena.Kuchokera kumene kuli bowa lochititsa matenda, ngakhale akatswiri amapeza kuti ndi kovuta kuyankha. Malingana ndi iwo, kutuluka kwa mkangano kumachitika mwazifukwa zopanda ulamuliro wa munthu. Anthu adazindikira zimenezo Kutentha kwa mitengo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ku matendawa. Komanso chitukuko chake amalimbikitsa kuwonjezereka kwa mpweya, kuthirira moyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Powdery mildew imafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, makamaka Russia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Armenia, Transcaucasia, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia ndi mayiko a Baltic. Pano, zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa losalala ndi 90 peresenti.
Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa
Anthu ambiri amadziwa zomwe powdery mildew zimawoneka ngati. Ikhoza kudzionetsera kale pakati pa kasupe pa masamba, masamba, zipatso, makungwa ndi nthambi. Kunja, fungal mycelium imawoneka ngati kuwala koyera. Ambiri omwe amayamba wamaluwa samalumikiza mwapadera chikhumbo ichi, molakwika ndikuchimvetsa icho ndi fumbi.
Pakapita nthawi, khungu loyera lidzasintha kukhala lofiira ndi loyera. Idzawonetsa malo owoneka bwino. Pazigawo zoyamba za chitukuko, matendawa amachotsedwa mosavuta mukangoyamba kukhudza gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa. M'tsogolomu, mycelium imakhala yolimba ndipo imamatira ku chiwalo chomera, kudyetsa phindu lake.
Kukula kwa nkhungu za powdery mildew kumakhudza zomera za mtengo. Madera okhudzidwa mwatsatanetsatane akugwera m'mbuyo mu kukula, masamba adzataya mphamvu, ayamba kupota ndipo pang'onopang'ono adzafota, nsonga ya mphukira zowonongeka idzauma, ovary idzaphulika msanga. Pamodzi ndi impso, nkhungu zimadzutsa pamene mycelium yakhala yayatsala pa chomeracho.
Mame a mvula amakhudza mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti aziukira: nkhaka, maluwa, gooseberries, raspberries, nandolo, strawberries, currants, viola, orchid, gorteniziya, violets.
Zotsatira zoletsa
Amaluwa ambiri, powona zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa m'munda, amadabwa ndi funsoli: momwe angachotsere powdery mildew. Koma nkhondoyo iyenera kutengedwa patsogolo pa zochitikazo. Ndipotu, kuteteza vutoli ndi lophweka komanso losavuta kuposa kulichotsa.
Kupewa ndi agrotechnical njira
Kuti cholinga cha prophylaxis, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti nyengo ya masika iwononge katatu korona ndi thunthu la apulo Bordeaux madzi kapena fungicides. Kukhalanso kokwanira kwa sulfure yamchere, njira yothetsera ikukonzekera mu chiwerengero cha 80 g ya zinthu mu chidebe cha madzi.
Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kulandira chithandizo choyamba pa nthawi ya masamba, ndipo yotsatira idzabwerezedwa tsiku lililonse masiku 14. Njira zowononga mavitamini zokha ndizofunika kwambiri motsutsana ndi fungal mycelium. M'munda m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muziyeretsa masamba owuma, mitengo yoyera kuchokera ku nthambi zakale ndi zodwala. Mbali zovuta za mitengo ya apulo sayenera kumasiyidwa pamtunda pakati pa mizere. Ayenera kuwotchedwa.
Nthaka mu pristvolnyh mabwalo zofunika panthawi yake komanso mosamalitsa kuchepetsa, kumasula ndi udzu kuchokera kumsongole. Pambuyo pa njira zonse zofunika kuti dothi likhale lopanda, limachoka pamitengo ya masentimita 5-7. Kupanda kutero, pakutha mazira, pali mitengo yomwe imadwala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya Apple, yomwe imalandira chakudya cha phosphorous m'nthaŵi, imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew. Ndipo m'mitengo yodzaza ndi nayitrogeni, chiwopsezo cha matenda chimakula.
Fungicide kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Pazinthu zambiri zamagulu ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi powdery mildew, fungicides otchuka kwambiri ndi: "Skor", "Topaz", "Khom", "Impact", "Topsin", "Flint Star". Njira zothandizira ziyenera kukonzekera, kutsatira ndondomeko za opanga. Aliyense wapatsidwa mankhwalawa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito katatu.
Kukonzekera "Skor", "Topaz" ndi "Hom" kungathandizenso kuteteza mtengo wanu wa apulo ku matenda omwe amawoneka ngati nkhanambo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati patatha nthawi zitatu kukonkha vutoli likupitirirabe, mankhwala otsatira ayenera kuchitidwa ndi njira zina. Dulani mitengo ndi fungicides makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, werengani mosamala malangizo oti mugwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa, werengani mlingo, zowonetsetsa kuti muzisamala komanso mutcheru khutu kuchitetezo. Mphindi uwu ndi wofunika kwambiri panthawi yokolola.
Akatswiri a zamagetsi amadziwa kuti mphamvu za fungicidal zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zochiritsira komanso zowonongeka. Mankhwala ena amatha kubwezeretsanso ulusi wokhudzana ndi matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya zipatso ya maluwa inabzalidwa pafupifupi mahekitala 5 miliyoni padziko lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso zachiwiri - mtengo wa apulo
Mankhwala Achikhalidwe
Olima munda omwe amaopa mankhwala owopsa a mankhwala ali ndi zida zawo zothandizira powdery mildew. Chinsinsi chofala kwambiri ndi njira yothetsera soda. Pofuna kukonzekera, mungafunike 25 g soda ufa, 5 g wa sopo madzi ndi 5 malita a madzi otentha. Zosakaniza zonse zimasakanizidwa, ndipo pamene madziwa amatha, amathira nkhuni ndi nthaka muzitsulo.
Si matenda okha omwe angalepheretse kukolola bwino kwa maapulo, komanso tizirombo: apulo njenjete, aphid, whitefly, mealybug, nyerere.
Njira ina ndikuchitira zomera ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi seramu, yotengedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 10: 1. Malowa amalephereka kwambiri kumadera omwe akukhudzidwa - filimuyi yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pa masamba ndi kumera imateteza mpweya ku mycelium.
Wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa ambiri amasangalala ndi udzu watsopano wa mahatchi, woyeretsedwa m'madzi (100 g / 1 l). Mukhozanso kuyesa 5 g zamkuwa sulphate, 50 g wa sopo madzi ndi 5 malita a madzi. Kapenanso, supuni 2 ya mpiru wa mpiru yosungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi idzachita.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya apulo yothirira madzi iyenera kuchitika kokha mutatha kuyembekezera mpira wapamwamba kuti uume mosavuta osati kutsanulira pazitsime zamadzi.Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri yopangira maphikidwe. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndikulenga zovuta za powdery mildew. Choncho mverani kumasuka, kuteteza munda wanu ku zowononga. Ndipo musaiwale za malamulo a kulima apulo.
