Gerbera ndi udzu wobiriwira wokhala ndi maluwa okongola akuluakulu. Anthu ambiri amawona kuti wadulidwa paphwando, koma kukulira nokha kachilombo kakang'ono sikovuta. Zomera sizikukula. Imakongoletsa bwino bedi lamaluwa kapena imakhala yosangalatsa mumphika ngati duwa lachipinda. Gerbera ndi wa banja la Asters. Dziko lakwawo ndilo kufalikira kwa madera otentha a Asia, South Africa ndi pafupi. Madagascar Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka pansi pa dzina loti transvaal daisy kapena transvaal daisy.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Gerbera ndi herbaceous wamuyaya wa herbaceous kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi 25-60 cm. Komabe, gerbera yapamwamba kwambiri imachitika pokhapokha maluwa. Zambiri mwa mbewu zimapangidwa ndi tsamba lomwe lili pafupi ndi nthaka. Masamba amakula mu tiger angapo pa petioles apafupi. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi gawo lalitali. Magawo amaloledwa ndipo amatha kutalika masentimita 35. Pamasamba pake pamakhala zachikopa, popanda kanthu. Nthawi zina pamunsi ndi petioles pamakhala mulu wofewa. Masamba adapakidwa utoto wodera wobiriwira.
Gerbera pachimake mu Ogasiti-Novembala. Kuchokera pakatikati pa duwa limamera popanda kanthu, wokutidwa ndi mulu wautali mpaka 60-80 cm.Ikhoza kukhala imodzi kapena zingapo kukula nthawi imodzi. Dengu limodzi lomwe ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 14-15 cm (nthawi zina, mpaka 30 cm) limatseguka pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, mitu yolemera imakhazikika kumbali.
Mitundu ya ma petals ndiyosiyana kwambiri: pinki, yoyera, chikaso, papo, burgundy. Pobzala pali maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikuda kapena amtundu wakuda. Maluwa a Reed amakula m'mizere ingapo m'mphepete. Tchire losakhwima limamasula kwa miyezi 3-4.
Pambuyo popukutira, mbewu zokhala ndi nthangala zakuda zakuda. Kulemera kwa mayunitsi 1000 kumangokhala 2-3 g. Amasungira kumera kosaposa miyezi 6.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu ya gerbera ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 80, komabe, yophatikiza, zomera zokongoletsera kwambiri ndizodziwika bwino pachikhalidwe. Maziko a ambiri a iwo anali mitundu iwiri iyi.
Gerber Jameson. Mtengo wamtundu wa herbaceous uli ndi chifuwa chofupikitsidwa, chobisika mu rosette wandiweyani wa masamba oyambira. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mabasiketi amodzi amtundu wa inflorescence ofanana ndi ma daisies okhala ndi utoto wamitundu yotalika masentimita 4 mpaka 15 pa masamba owoneka bwino.
Tsamba la Gerbera wobiriwira (wamba). Masamba ataliitali, ofanana ndi masamba a dandelion, amakhala ndi malo okhwima komanso owuma. Wofatsa pinki wamkulu inflorescence wokhala ndi petals yopyapyala mu mabango maluwa amatuluka mabereki opanda kanthu amatuluka mpaka 1 m.
Mitundu ya haibridi. Amagawika m'magulu molingana ndi mapangidwe a petals kapena inflorescence yonse. Zosangalatsa kwambiri zitha kutchedwa kuti:
- Phwando - mabasiketi akulu akulu okhala ndi masamba apakatikati amatulutsa pamwamba pamasamba akuluakulu pazithunzi zazifupi;
- Alcor - mbewu yokhala ndi masamba opendekera komanso yaying'ono (pafupifupi masentimita 8) maluwa;
- Jupita - maluwa mabango okhala ndi miyala yopapatiza, pafupi ndi singano;
- Mars - mabasiketi akulu okhala ndi mizere ingapo yama petals yophuka amatumphukira pa peduncle mpaka 65 cm.
Njira zolerera
Gerbera ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi njere, kugawanika kwa chitsamba ndi kudula. Popeza njere zimataya msanga mphamvu, ndikofunikira kuti zibzalidwe mutakolola. Zomera, konzani mabokosi odzaza ndi nthaka yachonde (perlite, mchenga, peat, pepala kumtunda). Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda ndikuwazidwa ndimchenga wonyowa. Pambuyo ponyowa mosamala, mphikawo umakutidwa ndi kanema kuti mupeze mtundu wobiliwira. Kuwongolera kumachitika kawiri pa tsiku, ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira. Sungani wowonjezera kutentha kutentha pa + 16 ... + 20 ° C.
Mphukira zimayamba kuwonekera pambuyo pa masiku 8-12. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, phukusi limachotsedwa, ndipo kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri, koma mosamala kwambiri. Powoneka ndi masamba awiri enieni, mbande za gerbera zimadumphira m'bokosi latsopano lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa masentimita 7-8. Kupezeka kwa masamba a 5-6 mu mbande kukusonyeza kufunikira kwa kuziika m'miphika yaying'ono. Maluwa amabwera m'miyezi 9-11.
Tamba lalikulu nthawi ndi nthawi limapereka njira zoyambira. Chapakatikati, amatha kupatukana ndi chomera chachikulu ndikuzibzala mumiphika kapena pabedi lamaluwa. Kupangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zokongola kwambiri, mphukira 2-3 zimabzalidwa dzenje limodzi.
Akuluakulu gerbera panthawi yodzala amatha kuigawa m'magulu ofanana. Chifukwa cha izi, Rhizome imamasulidwa pansi, kenako idulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa kukhala ogawanika. Osalola kuti mizu iume, nthawi yomweyo imabzalidwe m'nthaka yatsopano ndikuthirira.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Maluwa a thermophilic nthawi zambiri amakulira m'nyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Sikovuta kuti musangalatse nokha ndi gerbera yotulutsa maluwa mumphika.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Imasungidwa pazenera za dzuwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira imawunikiridwa ndi ma phytolamp. M'masiku otentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulowetse chipindacho pafupipafupi kapena kuyika maluwa panja. Masana, chisoti chachifumucho chimatchinga ndi nsalu yotchinga.
Kutentha Gerbera amakula bwino pa kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Kutentha kwambiri ndikosayenera monga kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimapuma, chimasungidwa pa + 14 ... + 16 ° C. Kusintha konse kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala kosalala. Gerbera amatha kupulumuka kuzizira kwa + 8 ... + 10 ° C, koma osati motalika kwambiri.
Chinyezi. Ngakhale chomera chimasintha bwino chinyezi chake mchipindacho, timalimbikitsidwa kupopera mankhwala nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi sayenera kugwera pa inflorescence. Ma masamba nthawi zina amayenera kutsukidwa kuchokera kufumbi ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Kuthirira. Gerbera amafunika kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti dothi lizikhala lonyowa pang'ono. Madzi osasunthika ndi osafunika, kotero poto imamasulidwa theka la ola pambuyo kuthilira. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, oyeretsedwa bwino. Osagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Feteleza. Duwa limasowa kuvala pamwamba pafupipafupi (mpaka kanayi pamwezi). Komabe, ndichizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito theka la ndende ya mineral minus. Imathilidwa m'nthaka. Chapakatikati, mankhwala a nayitrogeni ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyambira nthawi ya mapangidwe a Mphukira, kuvala kwapamwamba wa potaziyamu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Thirani Gerbera salekerera kwambiri kupitilira, chifukwa njirazi zimachitika pamene mphika ukhale wothinitsidwa kwambiri. Kukula kwake sikokwanira kwambiri, masentimita pang'ono chabe kuposa am'mbuyomu. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira. Amapangidwa ndi peat, mchenga, sphagnum moss ndi masamba. Ntchito zonse zobzala zimatsutsana panthawi yamaluwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Gerbera imatengedwa ngati chomera cholimba, koma ndikasunthika pamadzi imakhudza powdery mildew, blight mochedwa, mizu zowola ndi fusarium. Kupewa ndikukhazikika kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kuthirira pang'ono. Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo ndi Fundazole chimachitika. Mwa zina mwa majeremusi pa gerbera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nthata za akangaude ndi ma aphid. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono iti sitimadziwika nthawi zonse, koma timayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukuru, motero muyenera kuwachotsa nthawi yomweyo.
Gerbera poyera
Aliyense, ngakhale wosazindikira dimba yemwe amasangalala ndi maluwa obzala maluwa. Kalanga ine, nyengo yotentha imeneyi simakonda nyengo yachisanu. Imatha kukhala ngati chaka chilichonse, kapena kuiika m'miphika chaka chilichonse kumapeto ndi kubweretsa chipinda chozizira (osati kutsika + 8 ° C).
Mu nthawi yamasika, akukonzekera kuti adzafike kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, nthawi yonse yozizira itachitika. Kwa gerbera sankhani malo otentha. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde ndi yachonde. Maenjewo amapangidwa osaya kuti tsinde likhale pamwamba. Mbande zoyamba kubadwa zimaphuka mu theka loyamba la chilimwe.
Zomera zimafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Muyeneranso kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwononga namsongole. Kawiri pamwezi, tchire limadyetsedwa ndi mchere wama mineral.
Kumagawo akum'mwera, mutha kusiya gerbera kuti ikhale yozizira panja. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi udzu wouma komanso masamba okugwa. M'madera akumpoto kwambiri, kuti ateteze kachilomboka, amakumba. Zosamalidwa zina zonse m'munda ndi kunyumba kwa duwa ndizofanana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa
Cholinga chachikulu cha mbewuyi ndi kapangidwe kokongoletsa ka malo kapena nyumba. Ma belu okhala ndi maluwa akulu pawokha amawoneka ngati ming'alu yaying'ono. Popanga mawonekedwe, gerbera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malire ndi maluwa osakanikirana. Anthu okhala nawo pafupi ndi maluwa akhoza kukhala ma daisi, chrysanthemums, maluwa, callas.
Maluwa ochokera pachomera chofeserachi ndi otchuka kwambiri, chifukwa maluwa alibe fungo labwino ndipo ali oyenera ngakhale pabwino. Zomera zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwona mtima, kudekha ndi chisangalalo. Gerbera amatha kuyimirira m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, chinthu chachikulu ndikusamalira bwino maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, dulani zimayambira mlengalenga kuti mukulitse malowa ndi madzi. Madziwo amayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Mapiritsi angapo a aspirin amawonjezeredwa kwa iwo. Kuti zimayambira zisavunde, madzi amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
