Nthenga zamkuntho zapamwamba zimapangitsa chisangalalo, chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo m'moyo wa munthu. Kwazaka mazana ambiri, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zojambula zamakono kuti azikongoletsa zovala zawo ndi zovala. Mkhalidwe wotero wakhala ukugwirizanitsidwa ndi mau abwino ndi chuma. Ndipo ngati kale munali nthiwatiwa zochepa chabe, lero ntchitoyi ikukhala yotchuka kwambiri. Kenako, tidzakulangizani momwe mungasonkhanitsire cholembera nokha ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Kapangidwe ka nthenga ya nthiwatiwa
Kapangidwe ka nthiwatiwa kumadalira malo ake. Izi zimawonekera poyerekeza nthenga pamapiko ndi torso. Muyeso yoyamba iwo ali obiriwira ndi olemera, ndipo mwachiwiri iwo amasiyana kutalika ndi makulidwe a ndodo. Chifukwa chake, mbuyeyo amadziwitsa chofunikacho malinga ndi kukula kwake.
Mukudziwa? Kutchire, nthiwatiwa zimatha kupulumuka, chifukwa cha miyendo yake yamphamvu komanso mapiko awiri. Kuthamangitsidwa, nthawi zambiri, amakhalabe opambana, chifukwa mu sitepe imodzi yokha iwo amagonjetsa mamita 4, ndipo mu ora amatha msanga makilomita 70. Kuphatikiza apo, mapiko amathandiza kuthawa nyama zowonongeka, zomwe sizimasinthidwa kuti ziziuluka chifukwa cha zofooka zochepa pamtunda. Koma pothamanga, amalola kusintha kwakukulu kutsogolo popanda kupepuka. Pambuyo poyendetsa bwino munthu amene akumuvutitsa, wodya nyamayo akusowa nthawi kuti ayambe kuthamangitsidwa.
Omwe amamera mbulu amadziwa kuti chic chimakula pamapiko ndi michira ya mawadi awo. nthenga zazikuluKoma kumbuyo, chifuwa, mimba ya mbalameyi imakwirira zofooka ndi filiform. Mpaka pa kilogalamu imodzi ya zinthu zoterezi zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku nthiwatiwa yayikulu. Thupi la nkhuku zazing'ono m'masiku oyambirira a moyo limakhala ndi mitsempha yonyezimira yonyezimira yomwe imafanana ndi mawonekedwe a singano. Patapita nthawi, chimatuluka mwa iwo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kutengeke. 
Akatswiri amati nthenga imakula pambuyo pa miyezi 8 ya moyo. Pambuyo pake ziyenera kutsekedwa. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino, khungu limakhala ngati khungu la nyama yamphongo.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kudzera mwa nthenga iliyonse ya nthiwatiwa imadutsa magazi omwe amawudya, komanso kumapeto kwa mitsempha. Magazi amasiya pamene ma capillaries amauma pambali pa ndodo ndi khungu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa nthenga yamphongo siimaima.
Gawo la pansi la mafunde limatchedwa "msinkhu wobiriwira". Ndi mmenemo kuti magazi amazungulira ndipo pali mitsempha. Khalidwe, kudutsa pakati pa ndodo, sichifika pamalo otsegula. Choncho, kumeta tsitsi kwa mbalame sikupweteka.
Mukudziwa? Mapazi a nthiwatiwa - chida chopha. Kuyerekezera, kupweteka kwa ziboda za akavalo kumayerekezera ndi makilogalamu 20 pa sentimita imodzi, ndi nkhono ya nthiwatiwa ― mu makilogalamu 30! Mphamvu yoteroyo imangowonongeka ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cha masentimita imodzi ndi theka.
Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Nthiwatiwa zimapindula osati chifukwa cha nyama ndi mazira. Kukonzekera kwa mbalame imodzi kukhoza kuthetsa mtengo wake wokonza. Ndipotu, kwa zaka zambiri, nthiwatiwa imakhala yamtengo wapatali m'magulu osiyanasiyana a malonda ndi zovala.
M'zaka za m'ma XVIII-XIX
Nthawi imeneyi inapita m'mbiri mwa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nthiwatiwa za ku Afrika, popeza panthawiyi panafunika zovala zambirimbiri kwa ochita masewerowa komanso ochita masewero.
Dziwani zambiri za subspecies za nthiwatiwa.
Kukolola cholembera kunkachitika m'njira zopanda pake, ndipo lipoti linapitirira matani. Ndipo mchaka cha 1910, nthenga za nthiwatiwa zinkatengedwa kuchokera ku South Africa. 
Ndalama zogulitsa nthenga za nthiwatiwa, XIX century, South Africa Alimi okha anatha kuletsa chiwonongeko chosawonongeka cha mbalame zakutchire. Mwamwayi, panthawiyo, njira yowonjezera nthiwatiwa m'nyumba zapadera inkaonekera mdziko. Izi ndizimene zinapulumutsa anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame za ku Middle East kuti asatayike. 
Mtsinje wa nthenga za nthiwatiwa, 1879. Koma mafashoni okongoletsera zinthu zapanyumba, zovala ndi zipangizo ndi nthiwatiwa adakalibe. 
Maseŵera okwera kwambiri ndi nthenga za mchira zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafani, ma vans, komanso zokongoletsa kumutu.
Mukudziwa? Mafuko akale a ku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito mazira amphongo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zamphamvu zakumwa, ndipo ku Europe adapanga kupanga makapu abwino.
Masiku ano
Ngakhale kuti zaka zambiri zapitazo zinalekanitsa anthu a ku Ulaya omwe anali olemekezeka pamapupa olimba ndi olemera, okongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zamkuntho, zokongoletsa izi zinabwera mmoyo mwathu. Ndipo lero mwa iwo sizimveka zokometsa zokha, zipewa, komanso zinthu zapanyumba, zodzikongoletsera. 
Komanso, ma mods ambiri amayesetsa kuvala ngakhale m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku zovala ndi nthenga za nthenga. Okonzanso otchuka amasiku ano amapereka zosiyana zofanana ndi malaya, malaya, madiresi, suti ndi nsapato. 
Isadora Duncan Creative Bohemia amakonda nthenga za nthenga. Zinthu zoterezi zinakumbukiridwa ndi Isadora Duncan, Cher ndi Elton John.
Onaninso za katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthiwatiwa mafuta.
Chaka chilichonse kuti anthu ochita nawo masewera achilendo ku Brazil agwiritsidwe ntchito pa tani yazinthu zachilendo. 
Akatswiri amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuyeretsa ziwalo zazikulu, chifukwa ngakhale pulogalamu yamakono, lero ndi phulusa wabwino kwambiri. 
Pali mayiko oposa 50 padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo omwe ali m'mavuto aakulu, kumene amabzala nthiwatiwa, pofuna kupeza nyama ndi khungu lamtengo wapatali. Ndipo monga bonasi yowonjezera, tenga mazira ndi nthenga. Nkhuku zazikulu kwambiri za nkhuku zamtundu umenewu zimayikidwa mu South Africa.
Ndikofunikira! Zing'onozing'ono pakati pa tsitsi la nthiwatiwa, zimakhala bwino kuti zikhale bwino. Tikukamba za nyengo yozungulira chaka chonse, chakudya chapamwamba komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Ndi nyengo zosasinthika ndi zosasinthasintha, nkofunika kwambiri kuti muchepetse nthenga mbalame.
Malinga ndi akatswiri, nthenga zokha za mbalame zomwe zimaposa zaka 2-3 zimayamikira kwambiri. Mtengo wa zipangizo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zake: gloss, silkiness, kutalika, m'lifupi, kufanana, kulemera kwake ndi kutsika. Pali ngakhale muyezo mu zosankha zakuthupi. Zofunikira zake zimaphatikizapo zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu. 
Chokwanira cholembera cholembera
Pofuna kupeza zipangizo zamtengo wapamwamba, nkofunika kuti apereke mbalamezo ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso zosamalidwa, komanso kuti azidula tsitsi. Mulimonsemo palibe sangathe kuchotsa zikopa za khungu. Amachotsedwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito lumo wapadera pamtunda wochepa, koma osati pansi pa "msinkhu wobiriwira".
Izi ziyenera kuchitika pamene nthenga yatuluka ndipo mitsempha yake imamwalira. Apo ayi, mbalame ikhoza kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kupweteka. Ndibwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi tsitsi labwino omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Iwo ali ndi pubescence yowonjezereka kwambiri. Zinyama zazing'ono pazinthu zotere sizili zoyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukukula nthiwatiwa 12-Miyezi 14, ndiye mufunika kusonkhanitsa cholembera pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
Malingana ndi akatswiri, zimatengera pafupifupi miyezi 8 kuti nthenga ikhale yochuluka, koma tsitsi lobwerezabwereza limaloledwa mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Njira iyi yosonkhanitsira zipangizo zimaphatikizapo kudula pamwamba pazitali zazitsulo, zomwe zimawopseza. Inde, nthawi zambiri, "sakhala ndi moyo wokhwima." 
Mosasamala zamagetsi omwe asankhidwa, ndondomeko ya kugula zinthu zamtengo wapatali imapezeka molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Mbalameyi imathamangitsidwa kumsasa wapadera, womwe umachokera ku chipinda chapafupi, chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi bokosi. Malingana ndi mfundo yakuti mapangidwe ayenera kuchepetsa kayendetsedwe ka zolengedwa zamoyo, m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi theka la mita, mbali yam'mbuyo - masentimita 70, ndi kutalika ndi kuya kwake - masentimita 120 pamodzi.
- Pambuyo pake, muyenera kusinthanitsa chida ndikuyamba kudula.
- Choyamba, nthenga zimachotsedwa pa mizere yoyamba iwiri pa mapiko.
- Kenaka anakonza mizere iwiri yotsatira ndi zida za silika.
- Ndipo pokhapokha iwo amatengedwa kuti azitenga zoyera, kusiya mamita 2.5 masentimita pamwamba pa khungu.
Ndikofunikira! Patangotha miyezi ingapo, tsitsili likudutsa zitsime, zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zikhale zatsopano. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvups, kenako khungu la malo opatsirana limatenthedwa ndi mafuta odzola kapena mafuta alionse.
Monga mukuonera, ngakhale lero mafashoni a nthiwatiwa sanadutse. Chifukwa chake, ulimi wamkuntho kwa zaka mazana ambiri umakhala wotsika mtengo. Koma poyamba abambowa ayenera kudziwa malamulo a kudyetsa ndi kusamalira magulu akuluakulu. Chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chawo. Pambuyo pake, mbalameyo siimatha ndipo imakhala ikusowa tsitsi.
