Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo la mtima ndiyo kuonetsetsa kuti kayendetsedwe kake ka magazi kazitsulo. Masana, mtima wa ng'ombe umapopera tani imodzi ya magazi. Mbuzi (ng'ombe) ndi thanzi lake zimadalira ntchito ya thupi ili. Momwe mtima wa ng'ombe umagwirira ntchito ndi matenda omwe angakhudze chiwalo ichi - zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa aliyense.
Ntchito za mtima wa ng'ombe
Mtima ndiwo gawo lalikulu la mtima wamtima, ntchito yake ndi kulimbikitsa magazi kudzera mu ziwiya za thupi molingana ndi motor mothandizidwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magazi amapita kumbali imodzi yokha: kuchokera mitsempha imalowa mu aria, kuchokera ku zinyama, ndipo kuchokera mmenemo kupita ku ziwiya zazikulu zowopsa.
Njira imodzi yopitilira kayendedwe ka magazi imapereka ma valve apadera. Mitsempha ya mitsempha ya mimba imayamba m'kati mwa atrium, ilowe mu zinyama, ndipo kenako - pause. Pambuyo pake kanthawi kochepa kadzabwerezedwa kachiwiri.
Kapangidwe ka mtima wa ng'ombe: kutuluka kwa thupi
Mtima ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi minofu yomwe imakhala mkati mwa chifuwa choyima pakati pa nthiti 3 ndi 6. Yilizungulira nyumba yake yokhayokha.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe zikuwona dziko lapansi pazowonjezereka, ndipo mtundu woyera ndi wosiyana kwambiri.
Atria
Zinyama zonse zimakhala ndi mtima wam'nyumba zinayi, zopangidwa ndi 2 atria ndi 2 ventricles. Theria, kapena atrium, ili pamtunda wa mtima ndipo imakhala ndi mawu ochepa. Kunja kwa iwo kuchokera ku ventricles kumasiyanitsa nkhono. 
Mu atria pali ziphuphu zakhungu - makutu apadera omwe amachulukitsa kukula kwa atria. Mkati mwa makutu muli minofu yotchedwa scalloped, yomwe, pamene ikuchepetsa, imapereka chithandizo pa kukhetsa magazi. Mafuta ndi ma ventricles amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake ndi valves.
Onani zochititsa chidwi za ng'ombe.
Ventricles
Mpweya wambiri, kapena ventriculus, umagwira mtima wonse ndipo uli m'munsi mwake. Iwo samayankhulana wina ndi mzake ndipo amalekanitsidwa ndi kotengera kotenga nthawi.
Zipangizo Zamagetsi
Amakhala ndi ma valve omwe amayendetsa kuyenda kwa magazi mwa njira imodzi yokha. Iwo ali pa kutuluka kwa mitsempha ya pulmonary (bwino ventricle) ndi kuchokera ku aorta (kumapeto kwa ventricle).
Ma valve amadutsa magazi a veous kupyolera mu theka la mtima, ndipo magazi owopsa amapindula ndi mpweya kudzera mu theka lamanzere. Mu theka labwino ndi valve tricuspid, ndipo kumanzere - valves awiri tsamba. 
Mafupa ochititsa chidwi
Pamunsi mwa thumba la pulmonary komanso a 2 atrioventricular ndi mphete zamtundu, zomwe ndi mafupa awo. Ndikula kwa nyama, mphete izi zimasaka. Mu makulidwe awo mu ng'ombe zazikulu ndi mafupa a mitima yowongoka ndi yamanzere.
Ndipotu mphetezi ndizo mafupa a mtima, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi minofu ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.
Mizunguli ya magazi
Momwemonso, gulu lalikulu kwambiri la magazi limayambira mu ventricle lakumanzere ndi aorta ndipo limathera pamtunda woyenera ndi mitsempha yopanda pake.
Ndikofunikira! Magazi a m'magazi samasakanikirana ndi mitsempha.Mng'onoting'ono, wa pulmonary umayamba mu ventricle yoyenera ya pulmonary mitsempha ndipo amathera pa atrium kumanzere ndi mitsempha ya pulmonary.
Zitsulo za mtima ndi mitsempha
Zakudya zimayambitsidwa kudzera mwa anastomoses. Kulumikizana kungatheke pakati pa ziwiya zofanana, komanso pakati pa zombo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pali zizindikiro zotere:
- chosokoneza;
- vutolo;
- zotsutsana.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala wokondwa kuti muwerenge chifukwa chake ng'ombe ikufunikira nyanga.
Chifukwa cha anastomosis, magulu, osonkhanitsa, ndi zidutswa zimapangidwira (ma capillaries otalikira kumbali ya sitima yaikulu). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mtima uli ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ya vegetative. Ndi mitsempha yachisomo yomwe imalimbikitsa mtima. Maofesi a parasympathetic, m'malo mwake, kuchepetsa ntchito. Tsitsi la mtima la neuromuscular liri pafupi kwambiri ndi mitsempha yodziimira.
Ndili ndi udindo wa thupi la thupili ndipo ili ndi mfundo ziwiri:
- sinoatrial (yomwe ili pansi pa epicardium ya atrium yoyenera);
- atrioventricular (ali mu septum interatrial).
Pericardium (pericardium)
Mtima watsekedwa mu malowa. Ndilolojekiti yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi cavities yodandaula ndikukonza chiwalo chachikulu pamalo enaake, potero imapanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito yake.
Makoma a mtima wamkati
Khoma la khomo la ng'ombe liri ndi makapu atatu: endocardium, myocardium, ndi epicardium.
Endocardium (mkati mwake)
Zosanjikizazi zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana pa malo osiyana. Kumanzere kwina, endocardium ndi yochuluka, ndipo m'deralo la tendinous filaments - woonda.
The endocardium, kenaka, ili ndi zigawo zitatu. Mzere wosanjikiza umatchedwa endothelium. Zimatsatiridwa ndi malo ochepa, omwe amakhala ndi mitsempha yotayirira ya minofu, kenako imatuluka m'mimba, yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi minofu ya mtima.
Werengani zambiri zokhudzana ndi momwe nyama ikuyendera, komanso kuti mudziwe bwino za mawonekedwe a maso ndi udzu.
Myocardium (sing'anga)
Pakatikati, chofufumitsa kwambiri. Mankhwala a myocarimasi amasiyana ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha mwachangu chifukwa pali mapepala osakanikirana pakati pa ulusi wake. 
Choponderetsachi chimapangidwa ndi minofu ya minofu yomwe imakhala ndi maselo omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, komanso maselo omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha ya mtima iwonongeke.
Epicard (kunja)
Mpweya wambiri wamkati. Pamwamba pa chingwechi muli ndi mesothelium, yomwe imabisa minofu yolumikizana. Zimapangidwa ndi zotayirira.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mano alili komanso chifukwa chake ng'ombe zikugwa.
Matenda a Nkhumba
Ngati ntchito ya mtima imayamba kugwira ntchito, njira zamagetsi zimagwedezeka. Choncho, mwiniwake ayenera kudziwa zomwe zili ndi matenda a mtima mu ng'ombe ndi zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu.
Pericarditis
Zimapezeka chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, koma zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni pamene pulojekiti yowonongeka ndi zinthu zakuthwa. Chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo.
Zizindikiro za pericarditis:
- matenda aakulu;
- kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi;
- kuchepetsa chilakolako;
- chingamu chinafooka kapena chikusowa;
- kuchepetsa mkaka zokolola;
- kuchuluka kwa mtima kwa 100-120 kugunda pamphindi;
- maonekedwe a edema mu khosi, dewlap, mimba;
- kupuma mofulumira.
Mukudziwa? Kulemera kwa khungu la ng'ombe ndi 3-8% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi. Khungu la ng'ombe wamkulu likulemera 60-80 kg ndi makulidwe ake ndi 2-6 mm.
Mtima umasinthasintha, ndipo nthawi zina palibe, m'dera la mtima muli phokoso lokha kapena kukangana.
Chithandizo ndi zoopsa za pericarditis, mankhwala samagwira ntchito, ndipo ng'ombe imakanidwa. Ngati muli ndi matenda osapweteka, nyamayo imakhala yopuma komanso imapatsa chakudya chochepa. Maantibayotiki ndi compress ozizira pamtima zimapindulitsa.
Komanso, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa mtima:
- digitalis;
- camphor
- shuga;
- kafeine;
- calcium chloride.
Kupewa. Choyamba, m'pofunika kuthetsa matenda omwe angayambitse matenda a pericarditis. 
Mtima Dropsy
Matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi m'thumba la pericardial. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimapezeka ngati zovuta za matenda ena kapena kukhalapo kwa matenda aakulu ozungulira.
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
- chisokonezo chachikulu;
- kuchepetsa mphamvu zogwira ntchito ndi zokolola;
- kutopa;
- kutupa kwa maxillary malo;
- nyimbo;
- kuchepa kwa zowopsa komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya woipa.
Chithandizo cholinga cha kuthetsa matenda aakulu. Nyama yodwala imapatsidwa chakudya chokwanira, madzi ambiri. Pochepetsa kuchepetsa madzi, mtima, diuretic, ayodini ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mukudziwa? Magazi mu thupi la ng'ombe ndi 75-80% ya misala yawo yonse.
Myocarditis
Uku ndiko kutukusira kwa minofu ya mtima ndi chitukuko chomwe chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa exudative-kuchulukitsa ndi kutaya-nthenda yosinthidwa kwa minofu ya mtima. Kulimbana ndi kukula kwa chisangalalo chake ndi kuchepa kwa mgwirizano. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zovuta za matenda opatsirana, poizoni. 
Zizindikiro zazikulu za myocarditis:
- kutentha kwakukulu;
- boma lopsinjika;
- kusowa kapena kuchepa kwa chilakolako.
- tachycardia;
- chotsitsa;
- Kuthamanga kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe aakulu;
- mtima wopondereza;
- mawu;
- kuwonjezeka kwa magazi;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- mpweya wochepa;
- chithandizo;
- kupuma;
- zolephera za mtima.
Ndikofunikira! Myocarditis ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa ziwalo zina - chiwindi, mapapo, impso, ndi dongosolo la kudya.
Mphamvu ya mankhwala imadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Milandu pamene nyama ikufa ndi myocarditis si zachilendo.
Chithandizo Choyamba, chotsani chifukwa chake matendawa adachitika. Nyama zodwala zimapumula ndi kuziyika m'chipinda chofunda, choyera, kuwateteza ku zovuta zosafunikira, phokoso ndi zopweteka. 
Kudyetsa ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe zomwe mukufunikira m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi zambiri, poyesera kupewa kudzimbidwa. Mankhwala a mtima sayenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza, monga kuwonongeka kwa mtima kumatha. Choyamba, onetsani valerian. Ngati matendawa adutsa kale gawo lachiwiri kapena atakhala ndi mawonekedwe aakulu, gwiritsani ntchito shuga, Actovegin, caffeine.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mitsempha ya mtima:
- Diphenhydramine;
- Cortisone;
- Tavegil;
- Prednisolone;
- Suprastin;
- Aspirin;
- Amidopyrine.
Mukudziwa? Oimira akuluakulu a ng'ombe ali ndi mtima wambiri 2-3 makilogalamu
Myocardosis
Matenda osakhala otupa, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma dystrophic mu kachipatala. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha myocarditis. 
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kuchepetsa minofu ya minofu;
- kuchepa kwachangu ndi kuwonjezeka kuthamanga kwa mpweya;
- kuchepa kwa khungu;
- mucosal cyanosis;
- kupuma;
- chisokonezo cha rhythm ndi kuthamanga kwa mtima.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zizindikiro ndi njira zothandizira matenda ofala a ziweto.
Monga mankhwala olembedwa:
- kafeine;
- shuga;
- ascorbic asidi;
- msana;
- Sulfocamphocain;
- Cordiamin.
Myocardiofibrosis
Zimapezeka chifukwa cha dystrophy, degeneration, kapena kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima ndi magazi nthawi yaitali mu myocardium.
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
- osamva zamtima;
- kukonza;
- kukhalapo kwa phokoso la systolic;
- mpweya wofooka;
- kupuma;
- kupuma pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Matendawa amatha kwa miyezi yambiri komanso zaka.
Chithandizo Choyamba, nyama imapatsidwa chakudya choyenera komanso kupuma. 
Mankhwalawa amalembedwa:
- digitalis;
- lily la chigwa;
- kafeine;
- strophanthus
- mafuta a msasa;
- Cordiamin;
- mavitamini;
- shuga;
- mankhwala a diuretic.
Kupewa Myocardiofibrosis ikhoza kutetezedwa motsogoleredwa ndi malamulo oyang'anira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ng'ombe, komanso kutenga njira zothetsera vutoli.
Kukula kwa mtima
Matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kutengeka kwa minofu ya mtima, kupukuta kwa makoma ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha. Zimayambitsa zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa myocardial.
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kupuma;
- mpweya wochepa;
- mucosal cyanosis;
- nthawi zambiri;
- yonjezerani malire a zolimba za mtima.
Chithandizo. opirira ndi zinyama amapatsidwa mpumulo ndi kukonzekera kutulutsa mtima wamisazi (shuga, solution, Cordiamine, Corazol, etc.). Adrenaline yovuta kwambiri imayendetsedwa ndipo magazi amachitidwa.
Monga mukuonera, mtima wa ng'ombe umathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wawo. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda omwe amachititsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ya thupi ili lofunika, simukuyenera kudziwa kokha kapangidwe kake, komanso kuti muzisamalira bwino.
