Ng'ombe za mtundu wa Red-motley: zizindikiro zoberekera kunyumba

Ng'ombe zofiira ndi zoyera zinapezeka posachedwapa, koma zinatha kutenga malo ake pakati pa mitundu yambiri yomwe imakonda kubereka m'mabanja ndi m'minda yayikulu. Zimagonjetsa kusintha kwake, kukanika, kupanikizika ndi nkhawa komanso mkaka wabwino ndi zizindikiro za nyama. M'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana za zomwe zili zinyama izi.

Mbiri ndi makhalidwe onse

Mtundu umenewu unalembedwa mwalamulo mu 1998. Chochitika ichi chinali choyamba ndi ntchito yayitali ndi yolimbika ya obereketsa.

Ntchito yosankha

Ntchito pa mtunduwu inayamba mu 1977. Idachitidwa mu magawo atatu:

• Kuchotsa ng'ombe za Simmental ndi umuna wa ng'ombe zamtundu wa red-motley Holstein kuti apeze ana a m'badwo woyamba;
• kupeza mibadwo yachiwiri yachiwiri ndi III;
• kusankha anthu omwe amakwaniritsa zofunika kuti apitirire pakati pawo, kuti apeze mtundu watsopano.

Dzidziwe nokha ndi ng'ombe za nyama ndi mkaka: Alatau, Bestuzhev, Caucasus brown, Krasnogorbatov, Schwyck.

Standard

1. Kulemera 900-1100 kg (wamwamuna), mpaka 600 kg (akazi), mpaka 485 kg (ng'ombe), 36-38 kg (mwana wakhanda), 37-39 kg (ng'ombe yatsopano).
2. Kutalika kumafota. 140-145 masentimita (ng'ombe), 132-138 masentimita (ng'ombe).
3. Sutu. Red-motley. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wofiira kuchokera ku kuwala kofiira mpaka ku mdima wofiira ndi kotheka.
4. Tsitsi. Mfupi, yosalala.
5. Udder Zomwe zimafanana ndi chikho ndi zitsulo za cylindrical. Mndandanda wa 42-43%.
6. Mutu Yaikulu, yokhala ndi mphumi waukulu.
7. Horn. Zing'onozing'ono, zoyera, nsongazo ndi zachikasu, zinawonekera.
8. Torso. Zokwanira, zovuta, ndi zomangika zokhazikika.
9. Khosi Zakale, zosalala, ndi thumba pa ng'ombe.
10. Chifuwa. Zozama, zakuya, ndi zolemba. Mangani ng'ombe - mpaka 200 cm, mu ng'ombe - 230-235 masentimita.

Zisonyezero za Nyama ndi Zakaka

1. Udy. 540 makilogalamu a lactation yoyamba, 700 kg kwachiwiri, pambuyo pa calving yachitatu - matani 5-6.
2. Mafuta 3,8-4,09 %.
3. Mapuloteni. 3,2-3,4 %.
4. Kuchuluka kwa mkaka. 1.6-1.8 makilogalamu / min.
5. Mkaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafuta ndi tchizi.
6. Ng'ombeyo imabadwa makilogalamu 33-37. Pakafika chaka cha 250-300 makilogalamu. Mu miyezi 16-18 akulemera 380-400 makilogalamu. Kulemera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi 1.5 makilogalamu pa tsiku.
7. Bullheads amaika mafuta pa miyezi 12-14. Kuphedwa pamsinkhu wa miyezi 15-18. Pazaka izi, zokolola za nyama ndi 56-60%. Kuchokera kwa nkhuku nyama ndi 52.5-54%.

Phunzirani zambiri za mkaka wa ng'ombe: kuchulukitsitsa, mafuta, mapangidwe, mapindu ndi zovulaza, njira zothandizira ndi mitundu.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Zotsatira zabambo:

• chakudya chokwanira kwambiri cha nyama ndi mkaka;
• mu nthawi yonse, ng'ombe ikhoza kukhala ndi calving 14;
• kusinthika kwa zikhalidwe zilizonse;
• kudya mosadzichepetsa.

Mwa chiwonongeko Mungathe kusankha yekha kuthekera kwa zofooka ngati udzu wopotoka, wokhuthala.

Werengani komanso za ng'ombe zamtundu wakuda.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira zamtundu. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala m'matumba, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe amayenda pamadyo. Pa nthawi iliyonse yazomwe zili ndi zikhalidwe zake.

Malo oyenda m'nyengo ya chilimwe

Chipinda choyenda chiyenera kukhala pa famu iliyonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito yoweta ng'ombe. Pamene akuyenda, ng'ombe imathandiza kuti thupi likhale lopangidwa mwakuthupi. Malowa amamangidwa mwakuti ng'ombe iliyonse imakhala ndi mamita asanu ndi limodzi. m malo opanda phokoso ndi 8 mita mamita. m - malo omwe ali ndi zolimba. Zinyama zazing'ono zimafunikira 10 ndi 5 mita mamita. M, motero, ng'ombe - 5 ndi 2 mita mamita. m, motero. Ndi zofunika kukonzekera malo a paddock kumbali ya kummwera kwa nyumbayi kuti atetezedwe ku zojambula. Pa gawo lake muyenera kuika odyetsa ndi omwa. Ndifunikanso kukonza malo okhala ndi dengakumene zinyama zimatha kusungira nyengo kapena dzuwa lotentha.

Ndikofunikira! Nyama zikhoza kumasulidwa pa nthaka yoyenda ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, koma osati yaitali kuposa maola 4-6. M'chilimwe, amatha kukhala maola 12-14 pano.

Kukonzekera kwa nkhokwe

Khola ndilo gawo lalikulu la nkhokwe. Kuti mukhale wokonzeka kukonza munthu mmodzi, nkofunikira kugawa malo a 2.5 lalikulu mamita. Pa stall iliyonse, wodyetsa amaikidwa momwe pafupifupi 6 makilogalamu a udzu amatha kugwirizana. Zitha kupangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zitsulo. Zomalizazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadyo. Ndibwino kuti mupange chakudya chouma, ndi china cha zakudya zowonongeka. Pafupi ndiyenera kukhala mbale yakumwa, zabwino ndizokha. Maonekedwe a odyetsa ndi oledzera ayenera kukhala otero kuti zinyama zikhoza kufika kwao.

Mu khola la ng'ombe muli ndi leash. Unyolo uyenera kusankhidwa m'njira yoti sulepheretsa kayendetsedwe ka nyamayo, sikukupweteka, itachotsedwa mosavuta, koma nthawi yomweyo inali yolimba. Pansi pa kholali paliponse ndi kudula udzu, peat. Kawirikawiri gwiritsani ntchito chisakanizo cha zipangizo izi mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1. Malitawa amatenga mkodzo ndi mpweya bwino kwambiri. Kwa fayilo imodzi mumasowa makilogalamu atatu a malitawa pa tsiku.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati ndondomeko yochotsera manyowa imayikidwa m'khola, zinyalala zingasinthidwe mosalekeza. Udzu watsopano umayikidwa pamwamba. Pamene chomera chimakhala choposa mamita wandiweyani, zinyalala ziyenera kuti zisinthidwe.

Zomwe amangidwa

Kutentha kotentha m'khola kwa ng'ombe zofiira-motley ndi 10 ° C, koma kusiyana kwake kuyambira +4 ° С (m'nyengo yozizira) kufika +20 ° С (m'chilimwe) ndiloledwa. Kusunga kutentha mkati mwa malire ofunikira kumathandiza pulogalamu ya mpweya wabwino. Amaperekanso mpweya wabwino. Ikhoza kuyenda kudzera m'mawindo, koma ndi bwino kukonza mpweya wabwino. Zamangidwa m'njira yoti palibe ma drafts.

Kuti nyama zizikhala bwino ndikusangalala ndi mavitamini, kuyatsa bwino n'kofunika m'khola. Nthawi ya usana ayenera kukhala maola 16. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za LED. Iwo ali ochuma kwambiri komanso osatha. Komanso, thupi lawo limatetezedwa ku chinyezi.

Kukonza nkhokwe

Ammonia ndi carbon dioxide amamasulidwa limodzi ndi zinyalala za ng'ombe. Zambiri, zimakhala zovulaza ng'ombe, choncho, kuyeretsa zakumwa ndi zinyalala ziyenera kuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Odyetsa ndi oledzera amafunanso izi, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kukhala mu zatsalira zodyera. Ngati manyowa amasonkhanitsidwa mu malo osungirako apadera, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa kuti ng'ombezo zikugona. Pankhaniyi, amasinthidwa kawiri pachaka. Njira yokonzetsera imaloledwa kokha ndi mpweya wabwino. Apo ayi, zinyalala zimalowa m'malo tsiku lililonse.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera, choncho zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhodwe nthawi yomweyo, mwinamwake zokolola mkaka ndi mafuta akuchepa.

Kudyetsa chakudya

Ng'ombe zofiira ndi zoyera kupereka mkaka wabwino komanso zochuluka, zimayenera kudyetsedwa bwino komanso nthawi.

Chilimwe chikuyenda msipu

Maziko a chakudya cha ng'ombe m'chilimwe ndi udzu watsopano. Koma kutumiza nyama kuzinthu zotere ndizofunika pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti palibe vuto ndi mmimba. Pa tsiku loyamba, kumasula gululo kudyetsa kwa maola 2-3 m'mawa ndi madzulo. Zimalangizidwa kudyetsa ng'ombe ndi udzu musanayambe kuyenda.

Werengani zambiri zokhudza kudyetsa ng'ombe pa msipu.

Nyama ziyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Malowa ayenera kukhala owuma komanso opanda mollusk, omwe ali pakati pa moyo wa helminths. Chophimba, nyemba, vetch, pea, timothy ndi meadow udzu uyenera kukula pano. Mitengo iyi imachulukitsa mafuta a mkaka.

Tsiku lililonse munthu amadya 50 kg udzu. Mwa izi, 5 makilogalamu ndi zouma, zomwe zimaperekedwa usiku kuti ntchito yabwino ya mmimba ikhale yabwino. Kuwonjezera pa zitsamba, chakudya cha chilimwe chimakhala ndi beets, kaloti, mbatata yaiwisi, turnips, rutabaga. Mukhoza kupanga wolankhula: Sakanizani mandimu ndi mbatata yosakanizidwa, mchere ndi kuwonjezera madzi.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo yozizira

Kwa nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zofiira-motley zimasanduka udzu, ndipo silage ndi mbewu zazuzi zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ku zakudya. Pa tsiku la mkaka wa mkaka, 1.5-2 makilogalamu a udzu pa 100 makilogalamu alemera kwake, komanso mpaka 4-6 makilogalamu a oatmeal kapena rye rye, 3-6 makilogalamu a nthanga, kapena 3-4 makilogalamu a mankhusu amafunika.

Phunzirani zambiri za chakudya ndi msipu wa ng'ombe m'nyengo yozizira.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zozizira zikhoza kukhala motere:

• 9 kg tirigu udzu udzu;
• 2-3 makilogalamu a chimanga cha silage;
• 8-9 makilogalamu a haylage;
• 2-3 makilogalamu a udzu wouma, nyemba;
• mpaka 3 kg chakudya.

Kudyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ng'ombe:

• 5 kg wa udzu;
• 11 kg wa silage;
• 3 kg akufotokoza;
• 6 makilogalamu a mizu masamba;
• 60 g wa mchere ndi kudyetsa phosphate.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera mu 1998, mwambo wamakono wotchedwa international "Cow Parade". Zithunzi zazithunzi za moyo za ng'ombe zimapangidwa ndi fiberglass, zojambula ndi kuziwonetsera m'misewu ya mizinda ikuluikulu. Ndiye iwo amagulitsidwa, ndipo ndalama zimapita ku chikondi.

Ng'ombe za mtundu wa Red-motley zinalengedwa kuti zipeze mkaka wabwino. Izi zimakopa alimi ambiri. Komanso, nyama zoterozo ndizodzichepetsa, mwamtendere, kwa nthawi yaitali zimatha kubereka. Powasamalira komanso kudyetsa bwino, amapereka mkaka wokoma ndi wathanzi.