Kusanthula mitengo ya apulo mu April kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo

Kututa maapulo pamafunika chisamaliro chapadera, komabe, kutsatira malamulo onse sikungatsimikizire kuchuluka kwa zipatso.

Chofunikira ndikuphikika kwa masika a mitengo ya zipatso, monga njira yothanirana ndikuchotsa, yomwe imateteza mitengo ya maapulo ku matenda omwe angachitike ndi tizilombo toopsa.

Magawo ndi magawo a kasupe pokonza mitengo ya apulo ku matenda ndi tizirombo

Kumwaza mitengo ya apulo ndi nthawi yofunika, yomwe imalola kuti isangoteteza komanso kuwonjezera mbewu zamtsogolo, komanso kuwateteza ku tizirombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri olima m'minda asinthanitsa magawo anayi, ndipo amatero pazifukwa zingapo zingapo:

• tizilombo tomwe timatha kuvulaza mitengo ya zipatso sitimadzuka nthawi yomweyo;
• matenda oyamba ndi mafangayi amapezekanso nyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Kutsatira zifukwa izi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika m'magawo angapo, kutengera mtundu wa mtengowo. Inakonzedwa ndi:

• nthambi zopanda kanthu;
• impso kugona;
• mitengo yamaluwa;
• mazira achichepere maluwa atagwa.

Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:

• fungicides. Izi ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana azomera;
• mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizilombo.

Zinthu izi zitha kukhala za mankhwala kapena zozizwitsa. Zakalezi ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa amateur. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zomwe zimagwira zimayamba kuchita zinthu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mnzake wachilengedwe. Ngakhale zimachokera ku mankhwala owopsa, nthawi zambiri iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito tizilombo posachedwa kuwononga mtengo. Njira zamankhwala zochizira mitengo ya apulosi mu April ndizosavulaza konse kwa anthu. Pakupanga kwa mbewu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kuthira mitengo amaphulika pazinthu zotetezeka ndipo sangathe kulowa mthupi la munthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse, makamaka kuchokera ku mankhwala, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze mlingo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusatsatira miyambo ndi malingaliro mumalangizo ndi phukusi kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha pamasamba ndi maluwa achichepere, zomwe zingayambenso kutaya phindu.

Mankhwala achilengedwe ndi wowerengeka azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mbewu yambere kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikofunikira kwa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono pamazomera kapena ngati dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndilosafunikira kwenikweni.

Gawo loyamba la kukonza

Mlimi aliyense payekha amasankha nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa zipatso za maapozi. Nthawi zambiri, ziyenera kuyamba nyengo yofunda, kutentha komwe kumapitilira +5 ° C, kulibe chipale chofewa, koma masamba panthambi sanatupe.

Kudulira koyamba kwa nthambi za mitengo ya maapozi ndikofunikira kuti muteteze mtengowo ku matenda owononga fungal omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mphepo. Chithandizo choyamba sichimathetseratu mikangano yonse, koma chimachepetsa kukula.

Ma fungal neoplasms amawonongeka ndi mankhwala otsatirawa:

• 3% chisakanizo cha laimu ndi sulfate yamkuwa. Pokonzekera, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse ndi malangizo molondola. Kupanda kutero, kusakaniza kudzaphatikizidwa molakwika ndipo sikudzapweteketsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus;
• vitriol;
• koloni;
• Urea + sulfate wamkuwa.

Kukonzekera kosakaniza komaliza kumafuna 5 malita a madzi otentha, 350 g wa urea (urea), 25 g wa vitriol (sulfate yamkuwa). Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kumachitika chifukwa kumathandizira kwambiri kusungunuka kwa zosakaniza. Njira yotsirizidwa iyenera kusefedwa ndikugwiritsira ntchito njira yothirira m'mundamo. Mkuwa mu njirayi ndi choteteza kuchomera ku matenda a fungus, ndipo urea umalowa feteleza m'mundawo, umateteza mitengo. Kuthandizira kotereku kumachepetsa maluwa. Ndikofunika kuganizira mphindi iyi - mitengo ya maapulo imaphuka patatha sabata limodzi kuposa minda yomwe simunalandire. Kukhazikika koteroko kumapewetsa kufa kwa mbewu chifukwa cha chisanu mwadzidzidzi.

Ambiri olima dimba amakhulupirira kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa wamkuwa kungakhale koopsa kwa thupi la munthu. Kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa kumawoneka kuti ndi kowopsa, koma kuthira mitengo kumayambiriro, makamaka chipatsochi chisanayambe, sichingavulaze. Pakupsa kwa nthangala ya apulo, mkuwa umatsukidwa kwathunthu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo kukhala otetezeka kwathunthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kulibe zinthu zina zopangidwa kupatula mkuwa ndi chitsulo sulfate. M'nyengo yozizira, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe sizimakhala ndi tanthauzo lililonse - kupopera mitengo mitengo yachilengedwe kumayambiriro koyambira sikungabweretse zotulukapo, chifukwa sizigwira ntchito pa kutentha pang'ono.

Gawo lachiwiri pokonza

Kusintha kwotsatira kwa mitengo ya maapulo kumachitika mtsogolomo, kutentha kwa mpweya kukhala m'deralo + 10 ... +15 ° C.

Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira, pafupifupi milungu iwiri imadutsa. Mphukira pamitengo imayamba kutupa mwachangu, komanso ino ndi nthawi yakumayambiriro kwa zochita za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuthira kwachiwiri kungalole kuti musamenyane ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komanso kuyimitsa tizilombo panjira yotseka masamba. Ndiye chifukwa chake osakaniza ndi fungicides (mankhwala owononga matenda a fungus) ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chake.

Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa wamaluwa ndiye wadyera njuchi. Imalowa mkatikati mwa duwa lomwe silikutulutsa maluwa ndikuyika mazira. Mphutsi zosanjidwa zimanunkhira maluwa ndi maluwa enaake okhathamira, amakhala mkati ndikudya zipatso za msipu. Ndizosatheka kuwachotsa kufikira iwo okha atuluka m'khola lawo lodalirika. Maluwa omwe tizilombo timene tidakhazikika, kumene, sizibweretsa zokolola zilizonse, zimawoneka zouma komanso zakuda.

Mutha kuwononga kachilomboka ka maluwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ndi fungicides:

• Fufanon;
• Decisom;
• Spark;
• Intavir;
• Tanrecom
• 1% Bordeaux madzi (yankho lake liyenera kukhala 1%. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kuwotcha masamba, omwe angawononge mtengo wonsewo);
• Horus + Decis (Karbofos, Aktara).

Chithandizo chachitatu

Gawoli limatchulidwanso kuti "Ndi maluwa apinki". Mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndikulimbana ndi njenjemera.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kachilombo kameneka kamayika mazira pafupi kapena pa mphukira yosatsutsidwa. Zikulowera mu duwa, njenjetezi zimawononga mwachangu mbewu zamtsogolo, zomwe zimadziwika pokhapokha pakugwa, panthawi yomwe yatola. Pofuna kuti musasiyidwe popanda maapulo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosakanikirana ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizipatso, ngati atawonekera kale, koma sanaphukebe.

Pa nthawi ya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, simuyenera kupulumutsa yankho - silimangoyikidwa kuma nthambi okha, komanso pansi kuzungulira thunthu, mkati mwa mita 1. Tiyeneranso kuyang'anira mitengo ina yopanga zipatso ndi tchire yomwe ili pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo.

Tizilomboti titha kuchoka mwachangu kwa iwo kupita kunthambi za mtengo wa maapozi, zomwe zimathandizanso kukolola mtsogolo. Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti kutentha kwambiri pamsewu, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kwambiri, monga Fitoverm ndi Fitoksibacillin kutaya katundu wawo pamtunda wotentha kwambiri +10 ° C.

Njira yachinayi

Gawo lomaliza komanso lomaliza la kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa limathiridwa maluwa, pomwe mazira achichepere amafika kukula kwa mtola wawung'ono. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la 2 g ya actara (tizirombo) ndi 2 g ya Skor (fungicide) mu malita 10 a madzi. Kusintha kumeneku kumachitika mu mtengo wonse - masamba, nthambi ndi mtengo wozungulira.

A Chilimwe wokhala kale amachenjeza: mawonekedwe a pokonza akuluakulu (akale) ndi mitengo yaying'ono ya maapulo

Zachidziwikire, mtengo wopatsa zipatso wachikulire uyenera kumalitsiridwa malinga ndi malamulo onse, m'magawo anayi mchaka. Mbande zazing'ono zomwe sizinakhalepo zipatso ndi kutulutsa, sizimafunikira kukonzedwa kochepa. Zomera zotere sizikopa chidwi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri ntchito ya wosamalira mundawo. Kwa mitengo ya maapulo oterowo, magawo atatu okha ndi okwanira, omwe akuphatikizanso kukonzanso:

• pa nthambi zopanda kanthu;
• pa chitsime chobiriwira;
• pambuyo maluwa.

Malangizo pakugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya apulo mu April

Musanavuule mwachindunji mitengo ya apulo ndikukonzekera yankho, muyenera kudziwa mfundo zingapo zingapo:

1. Copper sulfate imalumikizana bwino ndi chitsulo, kotero pokonzekera yankho, musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zachitsulo. Ndodo za pulasitiki ndi matabwa ndizoyenera kusakanikirana, ndipo yankho lake limasungidwa bwino kwambiri mumtsuko wamagalasi.
2. Ndikosatheka kuwononga tizirombo tonse. Mukakonzedwa molingana ndi "green cone", ndizotheka kuti tizirombo ambiri ogona m'makungwa amitengo akhalebe wamoyo ndipo, podzuka, apitiliza kuvulaza zipatso za maapozi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonzanso zinthu zokhala ndi ndende yochepa masamba ataphuka.
3. Mukamakumba iron sulfate, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ili ndi katundu wothira mankhwala mwachangu mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisunge zinthu zonse zopindulitsa, gawo pang'ono la citric acid liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho.
4. Panthawi yokonza zipatso za apulo, musaiwale za chitetezo chanu! Ndikofunika kuti njira yothira sipezeka pakhungu la mphuno, maso ndi pakamwa. Pofuna kukhudzana, pezani khungu ndi madzi othamanga ndikufunsani dokotala.