Pafupifupi munda aliyense amalima tomato mu chiwembu chake. Ngati nyengo ya dera linalake sali yoyenera kwa chikhalidwe cha thermophilic, ndiye kuti ikhoza kukula bwino mu nyengo yotentha. Imodzi mwa tomato yoyenera kukula mu greenhouses ndi Zimarevsky Giant. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mitundu iyi ndi agrotechnics.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mwa mtundu wa kukula "Zimantvsky chimphona" amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndipo imakula mamita awiri. Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhale yosiyana siyana.
Ubwino wake ndi:
- kukhazikika kwa fruiting m'madera osiyanasiyana;
- zipatso zabwino kwambiri;
- kukwanitsa kusonkhanitsa mbewu za kufesa komweku.
Zopweteka zake ndizofunikira kogwirira ntchito yabwino komanso kusunga zipatso zabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Chidziwikire cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chakuti ndi yoyenera kutseguka komanso greenhouses.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Ndi kulima kwabwino, mukhoza kukolola phwetekere za mitunduyi mpaka 10-15 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. Zipatso za mtundu wofiira zimakhala zosalala pamwamba, pang'ono. Kawirikawiri, tomato "chimphona chachikulu cha Zimarevsky" chikulemera 300-400 magalamu, koma akhoza kukhala zazikulu - mpaka 600 gm. Matatowa ali ndi zamchere zokoma, zokhala ndi saladi abwino. Zokonzedweratu kukonza ndi kusunga madzi. Nthawi yochokera kumera mpaka kucha kwa tomato yoyamba ndi masiku 100-103. 
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Pakuti mbande iyenera kusankha zaka 45-65, ndi masamba 5-7. Mukamagula muyenera kumvera zotsatirazi:
- Mitengo iyenera kukhala ndi phesi lakuda ndi masamba obiriwira, mizu yotukuka bwino;
- Mbeu zisapangidwe kwambiri (osapitirira 30 cm);
- Masamba obiriwira ndi obirira ndi chizindikiro chozunza feteleza;
- Simungathe kugula mbande popanda mizu, popanda nsalu ya pansi. Ndibwino kuti mutenge m'chitengera ndi nthaka, ndipo tomato sayenera kukula mu mulu;
- Mitengo iyenera kukhala yopanda kuwonongeka, masamba, zopotoka kapena masamba opunduka;
- osavomerezeka kugula mbande zopusa kapena zowirira;
- Ngati mudagula mbande kuchokera ku ovary, ndibwino kuti muzitenge nthawi yomweyo, zidzathabe. Ndi bwino kusankha zomera kubzala musanayambe maluwa ndi mapangidwe a mazira.
- Muyenera kuyang'ana mbatata pansi pa masamba kuti muonetsetse kuti palibe tizirombo;
- Musagule mbande kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana - pakadali pano, chiopsezo chobweretsa zomera zowonongeka ku tsamba lanu chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Tomato ankaitanitsidwa kuchokera ku America continent pakati pa zaka za zana la 16 analikulira ndi okonda zowonongeka monga zomera zokongoletsera ndipo ankawoneka kuti alibe. Oyamba anayamba kukonzekera Chipwitikizi ndi Aspanish kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mu Ufumu wa Russia, chomeracho chinakula kwa nthawi yaitali ngati chikhalidwe chachilendo, mpaka njira ya mmera inayambika ndipo zipatso zinayamba kukula.
Mavuto akukula
Tomato ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, ndipo pakatikati pa Russia, pakati-mitundu yoyambirira iyenera kukhala wamkulu pamtunda pokhapokha ndi mbande. Mbewu zimamera pa kutentha kwa 14 ... +16 ° C, ndipo nyengo yabwino ya kutentha kwa zomera izi ndi 20 mpaka 25 ° C. Tomato amafera pang'ono, ndipo pamatentha pansipa +14 ndi pamwamba +35 ° C asiye kupanga ovary. Sankhani nthawi yamaola masana 12-14. Chikhalidwe sichikulimbana ndi chilala, koma kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri ndikofunika kuthirira tomato mutatha kuuma. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa tomato: pamene chinyezi cha mlengalenga chiri mkati mwa 45-60%, ndipo chinyezi cha dziko lapansi ndi 65-75%. 
Manyowa abwino a tomato Kabichi, nkhaka, mizu ya masamba (kupatula mbatata), nyemba ndi mavwende ndi mapepala ndi okonzeratu abwino. Sitiyenera kubzala tomato pambuyo pa nightshade. Pamalo omwe tomato anakula, amatha kubzalidwa pokhapokha patapita zaka zitatu.
Tomato amakonda loamy ndi dothi lamchenga, ndi acidity ya 5-6 pH. Ndi mchere wambiri wa nthaka, iyenera kukhala mandimu pazaka 3-4. Dothi louma liyenera kukumbidwa ndi mchenga wambiri (8 kg / 1 sq. M), peat (5 kg / 1 sq. M), manyowa, humus kapena kompositi (5 kg / sq. M).
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula tomato, mungagwiritse ntchito njira za ulimi - kubzala nandolo kapena malo ena okhala kumalo omwe amawapangira kuyambira m'dzinja. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, zomera izi ziyenera kutchetchedwa, kuzidulidwa ndi kugwa pansi, ndipo patapita milungu iwiri mukhoza kudzala mbande za tomato.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Mitundu ya phwetekere "Zimarevsky chimphona" nthawi zambiri chimakula ndi mbande. Mbeu zisanayambe kukonzekera kubzala - zimakhala ndi yankho la mankhwala "Fitosporin" kwa theka la ora. Kenaka amaikidwa mphindi 40 mu njira yamadzimadzi yowonjezera chomera.
M'masitolo ogulitsa amagula nthaka yapadera ya tomato kapena kuzipanga okha. Kuchita izi mofanana kufanana ndi nthaka nthaka ndi kompositi. Ndi zofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yovuta kubzala, chifukwa chaichi imasungidwa kutentha (pansi pa 0 ° C) pa khonde kapena kuikidwa mufiriji. Disinfection ingathenso kutenganso nthaka pophika pepala mu uvuni. Njira yosavuta yowononga nthaka, kuthirira madzi ndi madzi otentha kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. 
Kubzala pa mbande zopangidwa kumapeto kwa February kapena mu March. M'madera ozizira, kubzala kumachitika mu February, ndipo m'madera ozizira, kumapeto kwa March, n'zotheka kudzala mbewu kumwera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Werengani za momwe mungasankhire mphamvu yoyenera ya mbande.
Kubzala mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa motere:
- Zokonzedweratu zopangira (kutalika 10-12 masentimita) zodzazidwa ndi nthaka.
- Anamwetsa nthaka ndi madzi otentha.
- Pangani mphuno yakuya pafupifupi masentimita 1.
- Mbewu imabzalidwa ndi mpata wa 1.5 masentimita ndikuphimbidwa ndi dziko pamwamba.
- Zidazo zili ndi mapepala apulasitiki kapena thumba ndipo amasamukira kumalo otentha.
- masana, kutentha kumafunika 18+ + 22 ° C;
- usiku kutentha kumayenera kufika kufika osachepera +16 ° C;
- kuyatsa - osachepera maola 12. Kwa izi, mbande nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pawindo. Ngati palibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti fulorosenti kapena phytolamps imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayikidwa pamtunda wa mamita 0.3 kuchokera pa mbande.
Chipinda nthawi zonse madzi. Nthaka sayenera kuuma. Pamene mbeu imakula, imayambitsa mizu yamphamvu.
Tikukulangizani kuti mupeze ngati mukukula mbande mu makaseti.
Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe 1-2 masamba, mphukira zowonjezereka zimaikidwa muzitsulo zosiyana kapena muli. Ndibwino kuti mupange makapu apadera. 
Masiku 14 musanadzalemo otseguka pansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha, mbande zimayamba kuumitsa mwa kusamutsira ku khonde kapena loggia. Poyambirira, ikuchitika kwa maola angapo, ndipo nthawi yovuta ikawonjezeka. Zomera pang'onopang'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zachilengedwe ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kuti iwo azitha kusintha pamene akubzala m'munda kapena m'nyumbamo.
Kubzala tomato "chimphona chachikulu chotchedwa Zimarevsky" kumalo otseguka kapena kutentha komwe kunachitika mu May ndi June, pamene dziko lapansi liwomba.
Ndikofunikira! Tomato ndi zomera zokonda dzuwa, kotero kuti iwo akubzala muyenera kusankha malo abwino.Musanabzala, nthaka imamasulidwa bwino ndipo zitsime zimapangidwa chifukwa chodzala ndi nthawi ya mamita 0.4 Ndi bwino kuika mabowo muzitsulo za checkerboard. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuteteza kuwonjezereka kochulukirapo ndi kukhale kosavuta kusamalira tchire.
Tomato amasamutsira mitsuko ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi kapena kapu ya peat. Nthaka yozungulira mbande yopangidwa ndi yothira madzi ofunda.Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Pofuna kukolola bwino, tomato a Zimarevsky Giant amafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Ayenera kuthiriridwa, kuthiridwa mchere, kupanga bwino chitsamba ndi kuchiza nthawi yowononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Choyamba, muyenera kuthirira bwino tomato, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo. Pamene nyengo yowuma ndipo pali kusowa kwa kuthirira, izi chomera chikhalidwe chimataya ovary, ndipo masamba ndi tsinde amafa - mbewu imamwalira. Kutentha kwambiri kumakhudza kwambiri tomato ndipo kumatsogolera ku maonekedwe a matenda ambiri.
Video: Kudyetsa phwetekere Mutabzala mbande nthawi zonse kuthirira kumayamba pafupifupi sabata. Pamaso pa maonekedwe a inflorescences, chitsamba chilichonse chimathiriridwa ndi malita atatu a madzi masiku atatu, madzi okwanira sayenera kukhala ozizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chida. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri - pafupifupi malita asanu pachitchi, koma madzi okwanira amachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Mukamapanga chipatso, kuthirira ndi kochepa kuti tomato asayambe kusweka. Mutatha kuthirira muyenera kumasula nthaka ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukusamalira namsongole. Ngati phwetekere imakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti iyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti ipewe chinyezi chokwanira. Madzi amafunika kukhala pazu, kuti madzi asagwe pa masamba ndi maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kutentha kwa chilimwe kumabwera, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zambiri kuti chomeracho chisakhazikike.Mitundu ya tomato "Zimarevsky chimphona" amafunika kudyetsa motere:
- pamaso maluwa;
- nthawi yamapanga;
- kumayambiriro kwa maonekedwe a chipatso.
Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kuika pamwamba pa potassium sulphate ndi superphosphate pa mlingo wa malita 10 a madzi, magalamu 20 a fetereza iliyonse. The chifukwa njira ndi mokoma kutsanulira pansi muzu, kupewa kugwirizana ndi masamba. Pakati pa mankhwalawa ndi nthawi yapakati pa masiku 14.Muyenera kukhala othandiza kuphunzira momwe mungadyetse tomato ndi yisiti.
Manyowa amchere amalowetsedwa ndi phulusa. Tsiku lotsatira kuthirira mu 10 malita a madzi akuyambitsa 3 makapu a phulusa. Ndiye tsiku lotsatira, zotsatira zake ndi madzi tomato. Phulusa la nkhuni ndi lothandiza kuwonjezera pa dothi lozungulira chomera pamene limamasula. 
Matimati "Zimarevsky chimphona" amatanthauza mitundu yayitali ndipo amafunikira garter ku chithandizo chokhazikika. Pachifukwa ichi, pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse, ndodo yamtengo wapatali kapena chinthu china chimayendetsedwa pansi. Kenaka pamwamba, tsinde ndipo, ngati n'kofunikira, sitsani phwetekere womangirizidwa ndi chithandizo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kumangiriza chomera ku trellis. Pochita izi, zothandizira ziwiri zimayendetsedwa pansi ndipo mizere itatu ya waya imatengedwa pakati pawo ndi masentimita 45, yomwe imamanga chitsamba cha phwetekere.
Mtundu uwu wa phwetekere umafuna pasynkovanie. Chitsamba chimapangidwa mu mapesi awiri. Mphukira zowonjezera zimachotsedwa pamtunda masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha maonekedwe, zipatso za tomato - zipatso. Komabe, amatchulidwa kuti ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa zimakula m'minda ya masamba ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito mchere. Mu 1893 ku USA chisankho Tengani tomato ku zamasamba Inavomerezedwa kukhoti.
Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
Matenda a phwetekere "Zimantvsky chimphona" zimatsutsana bwino ndi fusarium. Pofuna kupewa matenda ambiri komanso maonekedwe a tizirombo, m'pofunika kutsata magetsi, kupanga mpweya wabwino wa wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kuchotsa mphukira zochuluka. Ndi kuyamba kwa masiku otentha ndi mvula kawirikawiri pali chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri a tomato, kuphatikizapo phytophtoras. 
Kuti atetezedwe, akatswiri amalangiza zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa. Kukonzekera, tenga magalamu 500 a phulusa ndikuwotcha pamoto wamtunda mu 1.5 malita a madzi. Kenaka amasefa ndi kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi, kuwonjezera 50 magalamu a sopo yophika zovala. Chotsatiracho chimayambitsidwa ndi tomato;
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa "Trihopol". Mu chidebe cha madzi, mapiritsi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri amadzipiritsika ndipo 250 magalamu a mkaka amathiridwa. Kenaka anachitidwa ndi njira iyi ya chomera;
- Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za zovuta, tomato amachiritsidwa ndi Tattu fungicide malinga ndi malangizo;
- pofuna kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kubzala kumatetezedwa ndi biopreparations monga "Tomato Saver", yomwe imathandizanso kuti munthu ayambe kukula. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa sulfate;
- Kupopera mankhwala opatsirana a adyo kapena njira ya mchere. Pakuti kukonzekera adyo kulowetsedwa kutenga magalasi awiri a akanadulidwa ndi kuthira madzi otentha, koma osati madzi otentha. Kenaka analowetsa yankho la malita 10 ndi losakanizidwa, kenaka amasefedwa;
- chifukwa kuthirira ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kutentha kosachepera 15 ° C;
- Onetsetsani kumasula tomato ndikudyetsa - izi zimalimbikitsa tomato motsutsana ndi matenda ambiri.
Werengani zambiri za zizindikiro, kupewa komanso kuteteza matenda a tomato.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Masamba a phwetekere "Zimarevsky Giant" amakololedwa mu Julayi-August monga chipatso chachapa ndi kusungidwa kutentha kwa masiku osaposa asanu. Mu furiji mumtsuko wa zamasamba, tomato akhoza kugona kwa milungu iwiri. Chifukwa cha mnofu wochuluka ndi wambiri wambiri, izi sizinayamikiridwe kuti zisungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali, koma ndizofunikira kuti zisungidwe. Kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu ndi kucha kuchapitsa madzi abwino, adjika, pasta, ketchup, ndi zina zambiri. 
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato "Zimarevsky chimphona" zipatso zozizwitsa m'madera osiyanasiyana, zimakula bwino pamtunda wotetezedwa ndi wotseguka. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri ndipo zipatso zake zimakomera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zabwino kwa saladi ndi madzi a tomato zamzitini. Chomera chachikuluchi chimafuna galasi, kuchotsa masitepe, ndipotu njira zamakono zaulimi ndizomwe zimayendera tomato.
